Construcción de un centro comercial en la ciudad de Iquitos

El presente proyecto contempla la gestión, procura, construcción y entrega de la infraestructura de un centro comercial en la ciudad de Iquitos. Este fue adjudicado por el cliente "Grupo Comercial del Perú S.A.C." mediante un proceso de licitación privado en la modalidad de PCM a la empresa "Architecture Line Perú S.A.C.", la cual tiene muchos años de experiencia en la construcción de centros comerciales en todo el país. El proyecto representa una propuesta que además de mejorar y consolidar el desarrollo de la ciudad, impulsará el desarrollo de emprendedores con la exposición de marcas locales en los espacios comerciales, los cuales contarán con ambientes destinados a la cultura y a la venta de artesanías locales. en esta tesis se aplican buenas prácticas indicadas en la guía del PMBOK - 6ta Edición con el fin de optimizar el tiempo de ejecución, reducir potenciales incongruencias entre las diferentes especialidades antes del inicio de la construcción, etc. En general, se procura cumplir con los objetivos del proyecto y con ello garantizar el éxito del mismo

Ecosystem heterogeneity determines the ecological resilience of the Amazon to climate change

Understanding how changes in climate will affect terrestrial ecosystems is particularly important in tropical forest regions, which store large amounts of carbon and exert important feedbacks onto regional and global climates. By combining multiple types of observations with a state-of-the-art terrestrial ecosystem model, we demonstrate that the sensitivity of tropical forests to changes in climate is dependent on the length of the dry season and soil type, but also, importantly, on the dynamics of individual-level competition within plant canopies. These interactions result in ecosystems that are more sensitive to changes in climate than has been predicted by traditional models but that transition from one ecosystem type to another in a continuous, non–tipping-point manner.Organismic and Evolutionary Biolog

Construcción de un centro comercial en la ciudad de Iquitos

El presente proyecto contempla la gestión, procura, construcción y entrega de la infraestructura de un centro comercial en la ciudad de Iquitos. Este fue adjudicado por el cliente "Grupo Comercial del Perú S.A.C." mediante un proceso de licitación privado en la modalidad de PCM a la empresa "Architecture Line Perú S.A.C.", la cual tiene muchos años de experiencia en la construcción de centros comerciales en todo el país. El proyecto representa una propuesta que además de mejorar y consolidar el desarrollo de la ciudad, impulsará el desarrollo de emprendedores con la exposición de marcas locales en los espacios comerciales, los cuales contarán con ambientes destinados a la cultura y a la venta de artesanías locales. en esta tesis se aplican buenas prácticas indicadas en la guía del PMBOK - 6ta Edición con el fin de optimizar el tiempo de ejecución, reducir potenciales incongruencias entre las diferentes especialidades antes del inicio de la construcción, etc. En general, se procura cumplir con los objetivos del proyecto y con ello garantizar el éxito del mismo

Ecosystem heterogeneity determines the ecological resilience of the Amazon to climate change.

Amazon forests, which store ∼ 50% of tropical forest carbon and play a vital role in global water, energy, and carbon cycling, are predicted to experience both longer and more intense dry seasons by the end of the 21st century. However, the climate sensitivity of this ecosystem remains uncertain: several studies have predicted large-scale die-back of the Amazon, whereas several more recent studies predict that the biome will remain largely intact. Combining remote-sensing and ground-based observations with a size- and age-structured terrestrial ecosystem model, we explore the sensitivity and ecological resilience of these forests to changes in climate. We demonstrate that water stress operating at the scale of individual plants, combined with spatial variation in soil texture, explains observed patterns of variation in ecosystem biomass, composition, and dynamics across the region, and strongly influences the ecosystem's resilience to changes in dry season length. Specifically, our analysis suggests that in contrast to existing predictions of either stability or catastrophic biomass loss, the Amazon forest's response to a drying regional climate is likely to be an immediate, graded, heterogeneous transition from high-biomass moist forests to transitional dry forests and woody savannah-like states. Fire, logging, and other anthropogenic disturbances may, however, exacerbate these climate change-induced ecosystem transitions

Does the disturbance hypothesis explain the biomass increase in basin-wide Amazon forest plot data?

Positive aboveground biomass trends have been reported from old-growth forests across the Amazon basin and hypothesized to reflect a large-scale response to exterior forcing. The result could, however, be an artefact due to a sampling bias induced by the nature of forest growth dynamics. Here, we characterize statistically the disturbance process in Amazon old-growth forests as recorded in 135 forest plots of the RAINFOR network up to 2006, and other independent research programmes, and explore the consequences of sampling artefacts using a data-based stochastic simulator. Over the observed range of annual aboveground biomass losses, standard statistical tests show that the distribution of biomass losses through mortality follow an exponential or near-identical Weibull probability distribution and not a power law as assumed by others. The simulator was parameterized using both an exponential disturbance probability distribution as well as a mixed exponential-power law distribution to account for potential large-scale blowdown events. In both cases, sampling biases turn out to be too small to explain the gains detected by the extended RAINFOR plot network. This result lends further support to the notion that currently observed biomass gains for intact forests across the Amazon are actually occurring over large scales at the current time, presumably as a response to climate change. (Résumé d'auteur

Data and R-code from 'Mode of death and mortality risk factors in Amazon trees'. Nature communications. 2020

The carbon sink capacity of tropical forests is substantially affected by tree mortality. However, the main drivers of tropical tree death remain largely unknown. Here we present a pan-Amazonian assessment of how and why trees die, analysing over 120,000 trees representing > 3800 species from 189 long-term RAINFOR forest plots. While tree mortality rates vary greatly Amazon-wide, on average trees are as likely to die standing as they are broken or uprooted—modes of death with different ecological consequences. Species-level growth rate is the single most important predictor of tree death in Amazonia, with faster-growing species being at higher risk. Within species, however, the slowest-growing trees are at greatest risk while the effect of tree size varies across the basin. In the driest Amazonian region species-level bioclimatic distributional patterns also predict the risk of death, suggesting that these forests are experiencing climatic conditions beyond their adaptative limits. These results provide not only a holistic pan-Amazonian picture of tree death but large-scale evidence for the overarching importance of the growth–survival trade-off in driving tropical tree mortality