39,733 research outputs found
Strong laws of large numbers for sub-linear expectations
We investigate three kinds of strong laws of large numbers for capacities
with a new notion of independently and identically distributed (IID) random
variables for sub-linear expectations initiated by Peng. It turns out that
these theorems are natural and fairly neat extensions of the classical
Kolmogorov's strong law of large numbers to the case where probability measures
are no longer additive. An important feature of these strong laws of large
numbers is to provide a frequentist perspective on capacities.Comment: 10 page
Mass formulae and strange quark matter
We have derived the popularly used parametrization formulae for quark masses
at low densities and modified them at high densities within the
mass-density-dependent model. The results are applied to investigate the lowest
density for the possible existence of strange quark matter at zero temperature.Comment: 9 pages, LATeX with ELSART style, one table, no figures. Improvement
on the derivation of qark mass formula
The effect of non-linear quantum electrodynamics on relativistic transparency and laser absorption in ultra-relativistic plasmas
With the aid of large-scale three-dimensional QED-PIC simulations, we
describe a realistic experimental configuration to measure collective effects
that couple strong field quantum electrodynamics to plasma kinetics. For two
counter propagating lasers interacting with a foil at intensities exceeding
Wcm, a binary result occurs; when quantum effects are
included, a foil that classically would effectively transmit the laser pulse
becomes opaque. This is a dramatic change in plasma behavior, directly as a
consequence of the coupling of radiation reaction and pair production to plasma
dynamics
Spin and Charge Structure of the Surface States in Topological Insulators
We investigate the spin and charge densities of surface states of the
three-dimensional topological insulator , starting from the continuum
description of the material [Zhang {\em et al.}, Nat. Phys. 5, 438 (2009)]. The
spin structure on surfaces other than the 111 surface has additional complexity
because of a misalignment of the contributions coming from the two sublattices
of the crystal. For these surfaces we expect new features to be seen in the
spin-resolved ARPES experiments, caused by a non-helical spin-polarization of
electrons at the individual sublattices as well as by the interference of the
electron waves emitted coherently from two sublattices. We also show that the
position of the Dirac crossing in spectrum of surface states depends on the
orientation of the interface. This leads to contact potentials and surface
charge redistribution at edges between different facets of the crystal.Comment: Use the correct spin operator. Changes affect the surface states spin
structure, but not the spectru
Inf-convolution of G-expectations
In this paper we will discuss the optimal risk transfer problems when risk
measures are generated by G-expectations, and we present the relationship
between inf-convolution of G-expectations and the inf-convolution of drivers G.Comment: 23 page
An Invariance Principle of G-Brownian Motion for the Law of the Iterated Logarithm under G-expectation
The classical law of the iterated logarithm (LIL for short)as fundamental
limit theorems in probability theory play an important role in the development
of probability theory and its applications. Strassen (1964) extended LIL to
large classes of functional random variables, it is well known as the
invariance principle for LIL which provide an extremely powerful tool in
probability and statistical inference. But recently many phenomena show that
the linearity of probability is a limit for applications, for example in
finance, statistics. As while a nonlinear expectation--- G-expectation has
attracted extensive attentions of mathematicians and economists, more and more
people began to study the nature of the G-expectation space. A natural question
is: Can the classical invariance principle for LIL be generalized under
G-expectation space? This paper gives a positive answer. We present the
invariance principle of G-Brownian motion for the law of the iterated logarithm
under G-expectation
Anyonic statistics with continuous variables
We describe a continuous-variable scheme for simulating the Kitaev lattice
model and for detecting statistics of abelian anyons. The corresponding quantum
optical implementation is solely based upon Gaussian resource states and
Gaussian operations, hence allowing for a highly efficient creation,
manipulation, and detection of anyons. This approach extends our understanding
of the control and application of anyons and it leads to the possibility for
experimental proof-of-principle demonstrations of anyonic statistics using
continuous-variable systems.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, appear in Phys. Rev.
Random solids and random solidification: What can be learned by exploring systems obeying permanent random constraints?
In many interesting physical settings, such as the vulcanization of rubber,
the introduction of permanent random constraints between the constituents of a
homogeneous fluid can cause a phase transition to a random solid state. In this
random solid state, particles are permanently but randomly localized in space,
and a rigidity to shear deformations emerges. Owing to the permanence of the
random constraints, this phase transition is an equilibrium transition, which
confers on it a simplicity (at least relative to the conventional glass
transition) in the sense that it is amenable to established techniques of
equilibrium statistical mechanics. In this Paper I shall review recent
developments in the theory of random solidification for systems obeying
permanent random constraints, with the aim of bringing to the fore the
similarities and differences between such systems and those exhibiting the
conventional glass transition. I shall also report new results, obtained in
collaboration with Weiqun Peng, on equilibrium correlations and
susceptibilities that signal the approach of the random solidification
transition, discussing the physical interpretation and values of these
quantities both at the Gaussian level of approximation and, via a
renormalization-group approach, beyond.Comment: Paper presented at the "Unifying Concepts in Glass Physics" workshop,
International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy (September
15-18, 1999
Sporopollenin, a natural copolymer, is robust under high hydrostatic pressure
Lycopodium sporopollenin, a natural copolymer, shows exceptional stability under high hydrostatic pressures (10 GPa) as determined by in situ high pressure synchrotron source FTIR spectroscopy. This stability is evaluated in terms of the component compounds of the sporopollenin: p-coumaric acid, phloretic acid, ferulic acid, and palmitic and sebacic acids, which represent the additional n-acid and ndiacid components. This high stability is attributed to interactions between these components, rather than the exceptional stability of any one molecular component. We propose a biomimetic solution for the creation of polymer materials that can withstand high pressures for a multitude of uses in aeronautics, vascular autografts, ballistics and light-weight protective materials
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