Markkinointisuunnitelma Kohdeyritykselle

Opinnäytetyön toimeksiantajana on oululainen kiinteistöhuoltoon ja sen tukipalveluihin erikoistunut yritys. Kohdeyritykselle ei ole aikaisemmin laadittu kirjallista markkinointisuunnitelmaa. Työn tarkoitus oli luoda toteutettavissa oleva toiminnallinen markkinointisuunnitelma yrityksen käyttöön. Markkinointisuunnitelman tavoitteena on tehostaa ja kohdentaa yrityksen markkinointitoimenpiteitä, joiden avulla parannetaan yrityksen alueellista tunnettuutta. Työ rajattiin koskemaan pääasiallisesti yrityksen ulkoista markkinointia ja sen toimenpiteitä kuten markkinointiviestintää ja ulkoisen saatavuuden parantamista. Lopulliseen rajaukseen päädyimme työn edetessä, tekemiemme havaintojen pohjalta. Tehdyn markkinointisuunnitelman tietoperusta pohjautuu lukuisiin Internet- ja kirjallisuuslähteisiin, jotka käsittelevät muun muassa markkinoinnin analyyseja, strategisia linjauksia ja kilpailukeinoja. Työssä on käytetty hyväksi myös kohdeyrityksen edustajien kanssa käytyjä avoimia haastatteluja, sekä muuta viestintää. Opinnäytetyöprosessin aikana olemme myös tutustuneet aikaisempiin markkinointisuunnitelmiin ja tutkimuksiin. Laadittu markkinointisuunnitelma tukee yrityksen visiota ja pyrkii tehostamaan ja kohdistamaan entistä paremmin sen operatiivisia markkinointitoimenpiteitä. Kohdennetulla markkinoinnilla yritys voi parantaa alueellista tunnettuuttaan ja resurssitehokkaasti parantaa kannattavuuttaan. Päädyimme erottelemaan varsinaisessa työssä suunnitelman tietoperustan ja operatiivisen markkinointisuunnitelman toisistaan käytännöllisyyden lisäämiseksi. Jatkotoimenpiteinä suosittelemme tulevaisuudessa kattavan henkilöstösuunnitelman laatimista, jossa otettaisiin laajemmin kantaa ehdotettuihin henkilöstönvuokraus- ja alihankintatoimenpiteisiin

The effects of drainage and restoration of pine mires on habitat structure, vegetation and ants

Habitat loss and degradation are the main threats to biodiversity worldwide. For example, nearly 80% of peatlands in southern Finland have been drained. There is thus a need to safeguard the remaining pristine mires and to restore degraded ones. Ants play a pivotal role in many ecosystems and like many keystone plant species, shape ecosystem conditions for other biota. The effects of mire restoration and subsequent vegetation succession on ants, however, are poorly understood. We inventoried tree stands, vegetation, water-table level, and ants (with pitfall traps) in nine mires in southern Finland to explore differences in habitats, vegetation and ant assemblages among pristine, drained (30-40 years ago) and recently restored (1-3 years ago) pine mires. We expected that restoring the water-table level by ditch filling and reconstructing sparse tree stands by cuttings will recover mire vegetation and ants. We found predictable responses in habitat structure, floristic composition and ant assemblage structure both to drainage and restoration. However, for mire-specialist ants the results were variable and longer-term monitoring is needed to confirm the success of restoration since these social insects establish perennial colonies with long colony cycles. We conclude that restoring the water-table level and tree stand structure seem to recover the characteristic vegetation and ant assemblages in the short term. This recovery was likely enhanced because drained mires still had both acrotelm and catotelm, and connectedness was still reasonable for mire organisms to recolonize the restored mires either from local refugia or from populations of nearby mires.Peer reviewe

A method for finding putative causes of gene expression variation

The majority of microarray studies evaluate gene ex- pression differences between various specimens or con- ditions. However, the causes of this variability often re- main unknown. Our aim is to identify underlying causes of these patterns, a process that would eventually enable a mechanistic understanding of the deregulation of gene expression in cancer. The procedure consists of three phases: pre-processing, data integration and statistical analysis. We have applied the strategy to identify genes that are overexpressed due to amplification in breast cancer. The data were obtained from 14 breast cancer cell lines, which were subjected to cDNA microarray based copy number and expression experiments. The re- sult of the analysis was a list that consisted of 92 genes. This set includes several genes that are known to be both overexpressed and amplified in breast cancer. The com- plete study was published in Journal of the Franklin In- stitute 2004, and in this paper we focus on the main issues of the study

FOXP3(+) T cells are present in kidney biopsy samples in children with tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome

Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) is an inflammatory disease of unknown pathogenesis. To evaluate a possible role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the pathophysiology of TIN with (TINU) and without uveitis, we investigated the presence and quantity of FOXP3(+) T regulatory lymphocytes in diagnostic kidney biopsies from pediatric patients. A total of 33 patients (14 TIN and 19 TINU) were enrolled. The quantity of CD4(+), FOXP3(+) and double-positive T cells in formalin-fixed kidney biopsies was determined using double label immunohistochemistry with anti-human CD4 and FOXP3 antibodies. FOXP3 staining was successful in all 33 patients. In patients with chronic uveitis, the density of FOXP3(+) cells was significantly lower (p = 0.046) than in TIN patients without uveitis or with uveitis lasting <3 months. CD4(+) staining was successful in 23 patients. The density of all lymphocytes (CD4(+), CD4(+)FOXP3(+) and FOXP3(+) cells) was significantly lower (p = 0.023) in patients with chronic uveitis than in other patients. FOXP3(+) T cells are present in kidney biopsy samples from TIN and TINU patients. In patients with chronic uveitis, the density of FOXP3(+) T cells is significantly lower than in other patients, suggesting a different pathomechanism for these clinical conditions.Peer reviewe

Suomen merentutkimuksen ydinkysymykset - Merentutkimuslaitos suomalaisessa yhteiskunnassa

Julkaisu sisältää myös toisen artikkelin: Kimmo K. Kahma: Scientific impact of the Finnish Institute of Marine Research: a citation analysi

Sources and sinks of greenhouse gases in the landscape : Approach for spatially explicit estimates

Climate change mitigation is a global response that requires actions at the local level. Quantifying local sources and sinks of greenhouse gases (GHG) facilitate evaluating mitigation options. We present an approach to collate spatially explicit estimated fluxes of GHGs (carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) for main land use sectors in the landscape, to aggregate, and to calculate the net emissions of an entire region. Our procedure was developed and tested in a large river basin in Finland, providing information from intensively studied eLTER research sites. To evaluate the full GHG balance, fluxes from natural ecosystems (lakes, rivers, and undrained mires) were included together with fluxes from anthropogenic activities, agriculture and forestry. We quantified the fluxes based on calculations with an anthropogenic emissions model (FRES) and a forest growth and carbon balance model (PREBAS), as well as on emission coefficients from the literature regarding emissions from lakes, rivers, undrained mires, peat extraction sites and cropland. Spatial data sources included CORINE land use data, soil map, lake and river shorelines, national forest inventory data, and statistical data on anthropogenic activities. Emission uncertainties were evaluated with Monte Carlo simulations. Artificial surfaces were the most emission intensive land-cover class. Lakes and rivers were about as emission intensive as arable land. Forests were the dominant land cover in the region (66%), and the C sink of the forests decreased the total emissions of the region by 72%. The region's net emissions amounted to 4.37 +/- 1.43 Tg CO2-eq yr(-1), corresponding to a net emission intensity 0.16 Gg CO2-eq km(-2) yr(-1), and estimated per capita net emissions of 5.6 Mg CO2-eq yr(-1). Our landscape approach opens opportunities to examine the sensitivities of important GHG fluxes to changes in land use and climate, management actions, and mitigation of anthropogenic emissions. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.peerReviewe

Developing a spatially explicit modelling and evaluation framework for integrated carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation: application in southern Finland

The challenges posed by climate change and biodiversity loss are deeply interconnected. Successful co-managing of these tangled drivers requires innovative methods that can prioritize and target management actions against multiple criteria, while also enabling cost-effective land use planning and impact scenario assessment. This paper synthesises the development and application of an integrated multidisciplinary modelling and evaluation framework for carbon and biodiversity in forest systems. By analysing and spatio-temporally modelling carbon processes and biodiversity elements, we determine an optimal solution for their co-management in the study landscape. We also describe how advanced Earth Observation measurements can be used to enhance mapping and monitoring of biodiversity and ecosystem processes. The scenarios used for the dynamic models were based on official Finnish policy goals for forest management and climate change mitigation. The development and testing of the system were executed in a large region in southern Finland (Kokemäenjoki basin, 27 024 km2) containing highly instrumented LTER (Long-Term Ecosystem Research) stations; these LTER data sources were complemented by fieldwork, remote sensing and national data bases. In the study area, estimated total net emissions were currently 4.2 TgCO2eq a-1, but modelling of forestry measures and anthropogenic emission reductions demonstrated that it would be possible to achieve the stated policy goal of carbon neutrality by low forest harvest intensity. We show how this policy-relevant information can be further utilised for optimal allocation of set-aside forest areas for nature conservation, which would significantly contribute to preserving both biodiversity and carbon values in the region. Biodiversity gain in the area could be increased without a loss of carbon-related benefits.The challenges posed by climate change and biodiversity loss are deeply interconnected. Successful co-managing of these tangled drivers requires innovative methods that can prioritize and target management actions against multiple criteria, while also enabling cost-effective land use planning and impact scenario assessment. This paper synthesises the development and application of an integrated multidisciplinary modelling and evaluation framework for carbon and biodiversity in forest systems. By analysing and spatio-temporally modelling carbon processes and biodiversity elements, we determine an optimal solution for their co-management in the study landscape. We also describe how advanced Earth Observation measurements can be used to enhance mapping and monitoring of biodiversity and ecosystem processes. The scenarios used for the dynamic models were based on official Finnish policy goals for forest management and climate change mitigation. The development and testing of the system were executed in a large region in southern Finland (Kokemäenjoki basin, 27,024 km2) containing highly instrumented LTER (Long-Term Ecosystem Research) stations; these LTER data sources were complemented by fieldwork, remote sensing and national data bases. In the study area, estimated total net emissions were currently 4.2 TgCO2eq a−1, but modelling of forestry measures and anthropogenic emission reductions demonstrated that it would be possible to achieve the stated policy goal of carbon neutrality by low forest harvest intensity. We show how this policy-relevant information can be further utilized for optimal allocation of set-aside forest areas for nature conservation, which would significantly contribute to preserving both biodiversity and carbon values in the region. Biodiversity gain in the area could be increased without a loss of carbon-related benefits.Peer reviewe