145 research outputs found
Sexual and Reproductive Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from a Cross-Sectional Online Survey in Germany
The accumulated evidence maps the COVID-19 pandemic's diverse impacts on sexual and reproductive health (SRH);however, the precise changes in sexual behaviours and the underlying causes producing these changes are rarely considered. This study is aimed at assessing the changes in sexual behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, using quantitative methods, and it is also aimed at identifying the underlying reasons, using qualitative methods. It is a part of the broader I-SHARE project, which administered a cross-sectional online survey in 33 countries to describe the effects of the COVID-19 restrictions on different aspects of SRH. In the current study, a total of 611 adults from Germany are included. The findings demonstrate a decline in sexual satisfaction, as well as increases in sexual problems and partnership conflicts. Furthermore, the findings indicate an increase in pornography consumption and masturbation. Psychological stress, due to the pandemic, seemed to be the main reason for the changes in the participants' sexual behaviours, followed by a decrease in social contacts, and an increase in time resources. Thus, it is important to provide accessible clinical and psychosocial (online) interventions and services in order to maintain good sexual health in times of pandemic
Pharmacological treatment of patients with paraphilic disorders and risk of sexual offending: An international perspective
Objectives: The present study aims to evaluate existing policy and practice relating to the use of pharmacological treatments with patients suffering from paraphilic disorders who are at risk of committing further sexual offences.
Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted to document current legal policies across 26 different countries. In addition, a questionnaire assessing the practice of pharmacological treatment was sent to practitioners involved in the treatment of patients with paraphilic disorders.
Results: Legal policies concerning the preconditions of using pharmacological treatments differ considerably between countries, and for most jurisdictions do not exist. Drawing on the responses of 178 practitioners, pharmacological agents are a useful addition to psychotherapeutic interventions, especially with those patients classified as medium or high risk for sexually violent behaviours. It would appear that most patients are medically examined, are informed of the risks and possible side effects before treatment commences and are also obliged to sign a consent form.
Conclusions: Although pharmacological agents can be seen as an intrusion into a patients’ sexual self determination, results indicate that ethical and clinical standards are being met in the majority of cases. However, further promotion of current WFSBP treatment guidelines would help to standardise practice across North American and European countries
Editorial: psychological dimensions in human sexual health and behavior
Human sexuality is still an underexplored world, subjected to great taboos and controversies
over the decades, representing one of the most challenging areas of research and facing countless
political and social demands. In this sense, leading organizations such as the World Health
Organization (WHO, 2014) and the World Association for Sexual Health (WAS, 2014) have
established sexual health and well-being as human rights and key goals to be achieved worldwide to
improve the health-related quality of life. The newmessage that is being carried out by these entities,
is that sexual health not only concerns reproductive issues, sexual problems, sexual violence, and
sexually transmitted infections, but also positive aspects related to intimate relationships, pleasure,
consenting sexual relationships, gender and sexual orientation variety, and sexual functioning
among other aspects
Kriminologische und kriminalprognostische Merkmale der Insassen der Sozialtherapeutischen Anstalt Hamburg
Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts "Evaluation der sozialtherapeutischen Anstalt Hamburg (SothA-HH)" wurden zu mehreren Messzeitpunkten von 2010 bis 2015 Daten von n = 193 männlichen Straftätern erhoben. Hierzu wurden die Probanden aus der SothA-HH anhand verschiedener Instrumente der standardisierten Diagnostik und Risikoeinschätzung durch externe Personen beurteilt. Die ermittelten Werte werden mit anderen Straftäterstichproben aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum verglichen. Die Auswertung soziodemographischer und biographischer Daten weist auf eine insgesamt psychosozial hochbelastete Population hin. Sexualstraftaten und sonstige nicht sexuell motivierte Gewaltstraftaten stellen die Mehrheit der Indexdelikte dar. Bei der Gegenüberstellung der kriminalprognostischen Daten dieser Tätergruppen werden vor Beginn der Therapie bei den nicht sexuell motivierten Gewaltstraftaten höhere Werte in der Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) sowie ein erhöhtes Rückfallrisiko festgestellt. Gründe hierfür werden diskutiert
Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is not regulated by testosterone in transmen
Brain morphology significantly differs between the sexes. It has been shown
before that some of these differences are attributable to the sex-specific
hormonal milieu. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in
myriads of neuroplastic processes and shows a sexual dimorphism. Transsexual
persons may serve as a model to study sex steroid-mediated effects on brain
plasticity. We have recently demonstrated that serum levels of BDNF are
reduced in transwomen following 12 months of cross-sex hormone treatment. We
now wanted to look at the effects of testosterone treatment on BDNF in
transmen. In contrast to our initial hypothesis, BDNF levels did not
significantly change, despite dramatic changes in the sex-hormonal milieu. Our
data indicate that testosterone does not seem to play a major role in the
regulation of BDNF in females
Compulsive sexual behavior disorder in obsessive–compulsive disorder: Prevalence and associated comorbidity
Background and aims: Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) will be included in ICD-11 as an impulse-control disorder. CSBD also shares clinical features with obsessive–compulsive spectrum disorders (OCSDs) and behavioral addictions. There has been relatively little systematic investigation of CSBD in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), the paradigmatic compulsive disorder. We aimed to determine prevalence of CSBD in OCD, and its associated sociodemographic and clinical features, including associated comorbidity, to learn more about the nature of CSBD. Methods: Adult outpatients with current OCD (N = 539) participated in this study. The Structured Clinical Interview for OCSDs was used to diagnose OCSDs (Tourette’s syndrome, compulsive shopping, pathological gambling, kleptomania, pyromania, intermittent explosive disorder, self-injurious behavior, and CSBD). Prevalence rates of OCSDs in male versus female patients as well as comorbid disorders in OCD patients with and without CSBD were compared. Results: Lifetime prevalence of CSBD was 5.6% in patients with current OCD and significantly higher in men than women. OCD patients with and without CSBD were similar in terms of age, age of onset of OCD, present OCD illness severity, as well as educational background. Lifetime prevalence rates of several mood, obsessive-compulsive, and impulse-control disorders were considerably elevated in patients with lifetime CSBD. Discussion and conclusions: A substantive number of OCD patients suffered from CSBD. CSBD in OCD was more likely comorbid with other mood, obsessive–compulsive, and impulse-control disorders, but not with disorders due to substance use or addictive behaviors. This finding supports conceptualization of CSBD as a compulsive-impulsive disorder
Are sex drive and hypersexuality associated with pedophilic interest and child sexual abuse in a male community sample?
Although, much is currently known about hypersexuality (in form of excessive sexual behavior) among sexual offenders, the degree to which hypersexual behavior is linked to paraphilic and especially pedophilic interests in non-forensic populations has not been established. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the associations between total sexual outlets (TSO) and other sex drive indicators, antisocial behavior, pedophilic interests, and sexual offending behavior in a large population-based community sample of males. The sample included 8,718 German men who participated in an online study. Hypersexual behavior as measured by self-reported TSO, self-reported sex drive, criminal history, and pedophilic interests were assessed. In moderated hierarchical logistic regression analyses self-reported contact sexual offending against children was linked to sexual fantasizing about children and antisociality. There was no association between aggregated sex drive, and sexual abusive behaviour in the multivariate analyses. In contrast, self-reported child pornography consumption was associated with sex drive, sexual fantasies involving children, and antisociality. Nevertheless, in clinical practice an assessment of criminal history and pedophilic interests in hypersexual individuals and vice versa hypersexuality in antisocial or pedophilic men should be considered as particularly antisociality and pedophilic interest are important predictors of sexual offending against prepubescent children
Factors associated with non-use of condoms among heterosexually-active single people in Germany: Results from the first representative, population-based German health and sexuality survey (GeSiD)
BACKGROUND: Against the backdrop of rising STI incidence among the heterosexual population, sexually active single people are at particularly high STI transmission risk. Gaining insight into circumstances related to condoms non-use in this population is therefore important for developing effective health interventions. METHODS: The nationally-representative survey, GeSiD (German Health and Sexuality Survey) undertaken 2018–2019, interviewed 4,955 people aged 18–75 years. A total of 343 heterosexually-active single participants answered a question about condom use at last sex. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behaviours and circumstances of last sex were analysed to identify independently associated factors. RESULTS: Condom non-use at last sex was reported more commonly by participants aged >35 years than by younger participants (48.5 vs 33.7%, respectively) and more likely among longer relationships (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.43) or early loving relationships (AOR: 3.59) than in one-night-stands. It was also associated with not discussing using condoms before sex (AOR: 6.50) and with reporting non-use of condoms at sexual debut (AOR: 4.75). CONCLUSIONS: Non-use of condoms is a common STI risk behaviour among heterosexually-active single people in Germany and so needs promoting from sexual debut throughout the life course, regardless of relationship type and age, but particularly among middle-aged and older people
Treatments and interventions for compulsive sexual behavior disorder with a focus on problematic pornography use: A preregistered systematic review
Background and aims: Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) which includes problematic pornography use (PPU) is a clinically relevant syndrome that has been included in the ICD-11 as impulse control disorder. The number of studies on treatments in CSBD and PPU increased in the last years. The current preregistered systematic review aimed for identifying treatment studies on CSBD and PPU as well as treatment effects on symptom severity and behavior enactment. Methods: The study was preregistered at Prospero International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021252329). The literature search done in February 2022 at PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycInfo, included original research published in peer-reviewed journals between 2000 to end 2021. The risk of bias was assessed with the CONSORT criteria. A quantitative synthesis based on effect sizes was done. Results: Overall 24 studies were identified. Four of these studies were randomized controlled trials. Treatment approaches included settings with cognitive behavior therapy components, psychotherapy methods, and psychopharmacological therapy. Receiving treatment seems to improve symptoms of CSBD and PPU. Especially, evidence for the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy is present. Discussion and conclusions: There is first evidence for the effectiveness of treatment approaches such as cognitive behavior therapy. However, strong conclusions on the specificity of treatments should be drawn with caution. More rigorous and systematic methodological approaches are needed for future studies. Results may be informative for future research and the development of specific treatment programs for CSBD and PPU
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