530 research outputs found

    Wrongful Conception: A Conditional Prospective Liability to One Not Yet in Being

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    Park v. Chessin, 000 Misc. 2d 000, 387 N.Y.S.2d 204 (Sup. Ct. 1976). A slowly but steadfastly emerging area in the field of tort liability is the action for wrongful life or, as it has been termed, an action based on the right to be well born. The courts have, for the most part, grimly denied recovery on such theory, citing lack of precedent, impossibility of measuring damages, the fear of opening the door to a flood of litigation, lack of causation, lack of duty, and the public policies against intra-family suits and against encouraging abortions. Most of the judicial objections are policy-based, thereby affording the courts the ever-available rationale that decisions and judgments as to such matters are best left to the legislatures. In recent years, a few decisions have recognized the viability of actions which closely resemble the original wrongful life actions. These decisions, coupled with writings of legal commentators advocating the generic type of action, may signal the emergence of a new cause of action or at least the definition of a new class of foreseeable plaintiffs in the field of malpractice tort action

    A New Swiss Federal Act on Gambling: From Missed Opportunities towards a Public Health Approach?

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    In January 2019, a new Swiss Federal Act on Gambling (Loi federal de jeux d'argent: LJAr) entered into force following a vote by the Swiss electorate. Intended to modernize and harmonize previous law and open the market for online casinos; the new regulations have highlighted the need for a comprehensive monitoring system. The present article outlines work undertaken by experts within the field to identify and elaborate the first steps towards developing such a monitoring system. This work includes the mapping of institutional actors and draft conceptualization of an impact model, including structural (i.e., prevention and intervention-based components), process (means), and outcomes (effect) indicators. Initial estimations of effective access to indicators and their perceived priority for data gathering are also described. Subsequent steps necessary for implementation of this public health approach for gambling are considered including grey areas for future action

    The relationship between team climate and interprofessional collaboration: preliminary results of a mixed methods study

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    Relational and organisational factors are key elements of interprofessional collaboration (IPC) and team climate. Few studies have explored the relationship between IPC and team climate. This article presents a study that 10 aimed to explore IPC in primary healthcare teams and understand how the assessment of team climate may provide insights into IPC. A mixed methods study design was adopted. In Stage 1 of the study, team climate was assessed using the Team Climate Inventory with 159 professionals in 18 interprofessional teams based in São Paulo, Brazil. In Stage 2, data were collected through in-depth interviews with a sample of team members who participated in the first stage of the study. Results from Stage 1 provided an overview of factors relevant to 15 teamwork, which in turn informed our exploration of the relationship between team climate and IPC. Preliminary findings from Stage 2 indicated that teams with a more positive team climate (in particular, greater participative safety) also reported more effective communication and mutual support. In conclusion, team climate provided insights into IPC, especially regarding aspects of communication and interaction in teams. Further research will provide a better understanding of differences and areas of overlap between team climate 20 and IPC. It will potentially contribute for an innovative theoretical approach to explore interprofessional work in primary care settings

    Um estudo a respeito das concepções alternativas sobre calor e temperatura

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    Neste trabalho, foi realizada uma investigação que teve por objetivo verificar se um planejamento de ensino, tendo como ponto de partida as concepções alternativas dos alunos da 2ª série do Ensino Médio, resultava em uma aprendizagem mais eficiente.  Também foram identificadas, através de um teste, as similaridades entre as concepções alternativas apresentadas por estes alunos com as de três cursos de formação de professores (Magistério, Licenciatura Plena em Matemática e Licenciatura Plena em Física).  No trabalho desenvolvido, foi possível perceber que apesar do estudo das concepções alternativas ter praticamente se esgotado em termos de pesquisa, pouco chegou até hoje na sala de aula

    Experimenting clinical pathways in general practice: a focus group investigation with Italian General Practitioners

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    Background. Clinical governance is considered crucial in primary care. Since 2005, clinical pathways have been experimentally implemented at the Local Health Authority of Monza Brianza (ASLMB), Italy, to develop general practitioners\u2019 (GPs) care of patients affected by some chronic diseases. The experimentation was aimed at introducing clinical governance in primary care, increasing GPs\u2019 involvement in the care of their patients, and improving both patients\u2019 and professionals\u2019 satisfaction. In the period 2005-2006, 12% of the 763 employed GPs in the ASLMB were involved in the experiment, while this percentage increased to 15-20% in 2007-2008. Design and Methods. Twenty-four GPs were purposively sampled, randomly divided into two groups and asked to participate in focus groups (FGs) held in 2008, aimed at evaluating their perception of the experiment. The FGs were audio-recorded, dialogues were typed out and undergone to a thematic analysis, according to the Interpretative Phenomenological Approach. Results. Four major themes emerged: i) clinical pathways can result in GPs working in a more efficient and effective fashion; ii) they can assure higher levels of both patient and professional satisfaction, since they sustain a caring approach and strengthen the GPs\u2019 role; iii) nevertheless, clinical pathways increase the bureaucratic workload and problems can arise in relationships among GPs and the LHA; iv) the implementation of clinical pathways can be improved, especially by reducing bureaucracy and by assuring their continuity. Conclusions. Managerial aspects should be considered with care in order to experimentally introduce clinical pathways in general practice, and continuity of the experimentation should be guaranteed to improve GPs\u2019 adherence and commitment

    Contributions of team climate in the study of interprofessional collaboration: a conceptual analysis

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    The concept of team climate is widely used to understand and evaluate working environments. It shares some important features with Interprofessional Collaboration (IPC). The four-factor theory of climate for work group innovation, which underpins team climate, could provide a better basis for understanding both teamwork and IPC. This article examines in detail the common ground between team climate and IPC, and assesses the relevance of team climate as a theoretical approach to understanding IPC. There are important potential areas of overlap between team climate and IPC that we have grouped under four headings: (1) interaction and communication between team members; (2) common objectives around which collective work is organised; (3) responsibility for performing work to a high standard; and (4) promoting innovation in working practices. These overlapping areas suggest common characteristics that could provide elements of a framework for considering the contribution of team climate to collaborative working, both from a conceptual perspective and, potentially, in operational terms as, for example, a diagnostic tool

    The Stroke Outcomes Study 2 (SOS2): a prospective, analytic cohort study of depressive symptoms after stroke

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mood disorder is recognised as an important and common problem after stroke but little is known about the longer term effects of mood on functional outcomes. This protocol paper describes the Stroke Outcomes Study 2 (SOS2), a research study conducted in two large acute NHS Trusts in the North of England, which was designed to investigate the impact of early depressive symptoms on outcomes after an acute stroke.</p> <p>Methods and design</p> <p>SOS2 was a prospective cohort study that aimed to recruit patients in the first few weeks after a stroke, and to follow them up at regular intervals for one year thereafter in order to describe the trajectory of psychological symptoms and study their impact on physical functional recovery. Measures of mood and function were completed at baseline (approximately 3 weeks) and at four follow-up time-points: approximately 9, 13, 26 and 52 weeks after the index stroke.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Recruiting patients to research studies soon after an acute stroke is difficult. Mortality following stroke is approximately 30% and in the region of half the patients that survive the initial event are significantly disabled. Together these factors reduced the number of patients available to participate in SOS2 but once recruited to the study the drop-out rate was relatively low. During the recruitment period over 6000 admissions for stroke or query stroke were screened for eligibility. A cohort of 592 study participants was finally achieved.</p
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