26 research outputs found
Simulation of tsunami induced by a submarine landslide in a glaciomarine margin: the case of Storfjorden LS-1 (southwestern Svalbard Islands)
A modelling approach to understand the tsunamigenic
potentiality of submarine landslides will provide new
perspectives on tsunami hazard threat, mostly in polar margins
where global climatic change and its related ocean
warming may induce future landslides. Here, we use the LML-
HySEA (Landslide Multilayer Hyperbolic Systems and
Efficient Algorithms) numerical model, including wave dispersion,
to provide new insights into factors controlling the
tsunami characteristics triggered by the Storfjorden LS-1
landslide (southwestern Svalbard). Tsunami waves, determined
mainly by the sliding mechanism and the bathymetry,
consist of two initial wave dipoles, with troughs to the northeast
(Spitsbergen and towards the continent) and crests to the
south (seawards) and southwest (Bear Island), reaching more
than 3m of amplitude above the landslide and finally merging
into a single wave dipole. The tsunami wave propagation
and its coastal impact are governed by the Storfjorden
and Kveithola glacial troughs and by the bordering Spitsbergen
Bank, which shape the continental shelf. This local
bathymetry controls the direction of propagation with a crescent
shape front, in plan view, and is responsible for shoaling
effects of amplitude values (4.2m in trough to 4.3m in crest),
amplification (3.7m in trough to 4m in crest) and diffraction
of the tsunami waves, as well as influencing their coastal impact
times.Junta de Andalucia B-RNM-301-UGR18
P18-RT-3275
RNM 148University of Granada, FEDERAgencia Estatal de Investigacion PID2019-108880RJI00/AEI
POL2006-07390/CGL
CTM2009-06370-E/AN
High seroprevalence against SARS-CoV-2 among faculty of medicine and health sciences personnel and students of the University of Alcalá, Spain: contributing factors
Purpose: Seroprevalence against SARS-CoV-2 within university systems is poorly studied, making evidence-based discussions of educational system reopening difficult. Moreover, few studies evaluate how antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are maintained over time. We assessed serological response against the SARS-CoV-2 virus among our university students and staff. Patients and Methods: In this prospective cohort study, seroprevalence was determined in 705 randomly selected volunteers, members of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the University of Alcala, using a chemiluminescent Siemens' SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay for total antibodies. Positive samples were tested for IgG and IgM/IgA using VIRCLIA (R) MONOTEST (Vircell). A first analysis took place during June 2020, and in those testing positive, a determination of secondary outcomes was performed in November 2020. Results: A total of 130 subjects showed anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (18.5%, 95% CI, 15.8-21.5%). Of these, IgM/IgA was positive in 27 and indeterminate in 19; IgG was positive in 118, indeterminate in 1. After 23 weeks, among 102 volunteers remeasured, IgG became undetectable in 6. Presence of antibodies was associated, in multivariable logistic regression, with exposure to infected patients (31.3%) [OR 1.84, 95% CI, 1.14-2.96; P = 0.012], presence of COVID-19 symptoms (52.4%) [OR 6.88, 95% CI, 4.28-11.06; P < 0.001], and confirmed earlier infection (82.9%) [OR 11.87, 95% CI, 4.26-33.07; P < 0.001]. Conclusions: The faculty of medicine and health sciences personnel and students of our university showed a high infection rate for SARS-CoV-2 during 2020 associated with providing clinical care to infected patients. This emphasizes the importance of the performance of continuous surveillance methods of the most exposed health personnel, including health science students
Intake of slow-digesting carbohydrates is related to changes in the microbiome and its functional pathways in growing rats with obesity induced by diet
Introduction: The main cause of insulin resistance in childhood is obesity,
which contributes to future comorbidities as in adults. Although high-calorie
diets and lack of exercise contribute to metabolic disease development, food
quality rather than the quantity of macronutrients is more important than
food density. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects
of changing the quality of carbohydrates from rapidly to slowly digestible
carbohydrates on the composition of the gut microbiota and the profiles of
the functional pathways in growing rats with obesity due to a high-fat diet
(HFD).
Methods: During the course of 4 weeks, rats growing on an HFD-containing
carbohydrates with different digestive rates were fed either HFD-containing
carbohydrates with a rapid digestion rate (OBE group) or HFD-containing
carbohydrates with a slow digestion rate (OBE-ISR group). A non-obese group
(NOB) was included as a reference, and rats were fed on a rodent standard diet
(AIN93G). An analysis of gut microbiota was conducted using 16S rRNA-based
metagenomics; a linear mixed-effects model (LMM) was used to determine
changes in abundance between baseline and 4 weeks of treatment, and
functional pathways were identified. Gut microbiota composition at bacterial
diversity and relative abundance, at phylum and genus levels, and functional profiles were analyzed by integrating the Integrated Microbial Genomes (IMG)
database.
Results: The groups showed comparable gut microbiota at baseline.
At the end of the treatment, animals from the ISR group exhibited
differences at the phylum levels by decreasing the diversity of Fisher’s
index and Firmicutes (newly named as Bacillota), and increasing the Pielou’s
evenness and Bacteroidetes (newly named as Bacteroidota); at the genus
level by increasing Alistipes, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Butyricimonas,
Lachnoclostridium, Flavonifractor, Ruminiclostridium 5, and Faecalibaculum
and decreasing Muribaculum, Blautia, and Ruminiclostridium 9. Remarkably,
relative abundances of genera Tyzzerella and Angelakisella were higher in
the OBE group compared to NOB and OBE-ISR groups. In addition, some
microbiota carbohydrate metabolism pathways such as glycolysis, glucuronic
acid degradation, pentose phosphate pathway, methanogenesis, and fatty
acid biosynthesis exhibited increased activity in the OBE-ISR group after the
treatment. Higher levels of acetate and propionate were found in the feces of
the ISR group compared with the NOB and OBE groups.
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that replacing rapidly
digestible carbohydrates with slowly digestible carbohydrates within an HFD
improve the composition of the gut microbiota. Consequently, metabolic
disturbances associated with obesity may be prevented.Abbott Laboratories S.A"Fundacion Ramon Areces", Madrid, Spai
Insights of Active Extension Within a Collisional Orogen From GNSS (Central Betic Cordillera, S Spain)
The coexistence of shortening and extensional tectonic regimes is a common feature in orogenic
belts. The westernmost end of the Western Mediterranean is an area undergoing shortening related to the 5 mm/
yr NNW‒SSE convergence of the Nubia and Eurasia Plates. In this region, the Central Betic Cordillera shows
a regional ENE‒WSW extension. Here, we present GNSS-derived geodetic data along a 170 km-long transect
orthogonal to the main active normal faults of the Central Betic Cordillera. Our data indicate that the total
extension rate along the Central Betic Cordillera is 2.0 ± 0.3 mm/yr. Extension is accommodated in the eastern
(0.8 ± 0.3 mm/yr in the Guadix-Baza Basin) and western (1.3 ± 0.3 mm/yr in the Granada Basin) parts of the
Central Betic Cordillera, while no extension is recorded in the central part of the study area. Moreover, our
data permit us to quantify, for the first time, short-term fault slip rates of the Granada Fault System, which is
one of the main seismogenic sources of the Iberian Peninsula. We deduce a fault slip rate of ∼1.3 ± 0.3 mm/
yr for the whole Granada Basin, with 0.9 ± 0.3 mm/yr being accommodated in the Granada Fault System and
0.4 ± 0.3 mm/yr being accommodated in the southwestern sector of the Granada Basin, where no active faults
have been previously described at the surface. The heterogeneous extension in the Central Betic Cordillera
could be accommodated by shallow high-angle normal faults that merge with a detachment at depth. Part of the
active extension could be derived from gravitational instability because of underlying over-thickened crustThe Generalitat Valenciana (Valencian
Regional GovernmentResearch project
AICO/2021/196), Spanish Ministry
of ScienceInnovation and University
(Research Projects RTI2018-100737-
B-I00 and PID2021-127967NB-I00),The
University of Alicante (Research Project
VIGROB053)The University of Jaén
(POAIUJA 2021–2022, CEACTEMA
and Programa Operativo FEDER
Andalucía, 2014–2020—call made by
UJA, 2018, Ref. 1263446), P18-RT-
3275 (Junta de Andalucía/FEDER),Junta de Andalucía regional
government (RNM282 and RNM 148
research groups)The Institut Cartogràfic
Valencià, Agencia Valenciana de
Seguridad y Respuesta a las Emergencias
(Generalitat Valenciana)Consorcio
Provincial para el Servicio de Prevención
y Extinción de Incendios y Salvamento
de AlicanteDiputaciones
Provinciales de Alicante y CastellónAyuntamiento de Almorad
Insights of Active Extension Within a Collisional Orogen From GNSS (Central Betic Cordillera, S Spain)
The coexistence of shortening and extensional tectonic regimes is a common feature in orogenic belts. The westernmost end of the Western Mediterranean is an area undergoing shortening related to the 5 mm/yr NNW‒SSE convergence of the Nubia and Eurasia Plates. In this region, the Central Betic Cordillera shows a regional ENE‒WSW extension. Here, we present GNSS-derived geodetic data along a 170 km-long transect orthogonal to the main active normal faults of the Central Betic Cordillera. Our data indicate that the total extension rate along the Central Betic Cordillera is 2.0 ± 0.3 mm/yr. Extension is accommodated in the eastern (0.8 ± 0.3 mm/yr in the Guadix-Baza Basin) and western (1.3 ± 0.3 mm/yr in the Granada Basin) parts of the Central Betic Cordillera, while no extension is recorded in the central part of the study area. Moreover, our data permit us to quantify, for the first time, short-term fault slip rates of the Granada Fault System, which is one of the main seismogenic sources of the Iberian Peninsula. We deduce a fault slip rate of ∼1.3 ± 0.3 mm/yr for the whole Granada Basin, with 0.9 ± 0.3 mm/yr being accommodated in the Granada Fault System and 0.4 ± 0.3 mm/yr being accommodated in the southwestern sector of the Granada Basin, where no active faults have been previously described at the surface. The heterogeneous extension in the Central Betic Cordillera could be accommodated by shallow high-angle normal faults that merge with a detachment at depth. Part of the active extension could be derived from gravitational instability because of underlying over-thickened crust.This research was funded by the Generalitat Valenciana (Valencian Regional Government, Research project AICO/2021/196), Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and University (Research Projects RTI2018-100737-B-I00 and PID2021-127967NB-I00), the University of Alicante (Research Project VIGROB053), the University of Jaén (POAIUJA 2021–2022, CEACTEMA and Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía, 2014–2020—call made by UJA, 2018, Ref. 1263446), P18-RT-3275 (Junta de Andalucía/FEDER), and the Junta de Andalucía regional government (RNM282 and RNM 148 research groups). The Institut Cartogràfic Valencià, Agencia Valenciana de Seguridad y Respuesta a las Emergencias (Generalitat Valenciana), Consorcio Provincial para el Servicio de Prevención y Extinción de Incendios y Salvamento de Alicante, Excelentísimas Diputaciones Provinciales de Alicante y Castellón, and the Ayuntamiento de Almoradí also provided partial funding
Museos y exposiciones en Madrid como oportunidad de trabajar conceptos-clave de las Ciencias Sociales con estudiantes Erasmus+ Incoming en colaboración con estudiantes UCM, asociaciones de estudiantes, oficina de relaciones internacionales y PDI
Proyecto de Innovación que pone en contacto los recursos museísticos y expositivos de Madrid con los estudiantes internacionales para trabajar conceptos-clave en las ciencias sociales, como vulnerabilidad y comunicació
PDGF-BB serum levels are decreased in adult onset Pompe patients
Adult onset Pompe disease is a genetic disorder characterized by slowly progressive skeletal and respiratory muscle weakness. Symptomatic patients are treated with enzymatic replacement therapy with human recombinant alfa glucosidase. Motor functional tests and spirometry are commonly used to follow patients up. However, a serological biomarker that correlates with the progression of the disease could improve follow-up. We studied serum concentrations of TGFβ, PDGF-BB, PDGF-AA and CTGF growth factors in 37 adult onset Pompe patients and 45 controls. Moreover, all patients performed several muscle function tests, conventional spirometry, and quantitative muscle MRI using 3-point Dixon. We observed a statistically significant change in the serum concentration of each growth factor in patients compared to controls. However, only PDGF-BB levels were able to differentiate between asymptomatic and symptomatic patients, suggesting its potential role in the follow-up of asymptomatic patients. Moreover, our results point to a dysregulation of muscle regeneration as an additional pathomechanism of Pompe disease
Intermediate Molecular Phenotypes to Identify Genetic Markers of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity Risk.
Cardiotoxicity due to anthracyclines (CDA) affects cancer patients, but we cannot predict who may suffer from this complication. CDA is a complex trait with a polygenic component that is mainly unidentified. We propose that levels of intermediate molecular phenotypes (IMPs) in the myocardium associated with histopathological damage could explain CDA susceptibility, so variants of genes encoding these IMPs could identify patients susceptible to this complication. Thus, a genetically heterogeneous cohort of mice (n = 165) generated by backcrossing were treated with doxorubicin and docetaxel. We quantified heart fibrosis using an Ariol slide scanner and intramyocardial levels of IMPs using multiplex bead arrays and QPCR. We identified quantitative trait loci linked to IMPs (ipQTLs) and cdaQTLs via linkage analysis. In three cancer patient cohorts, CDA was quantified using echocardiography or Cardiac Magnetic Resonance. CDA behaves as a complex trait in the mouse cohort. IMP levels in the myocardium were associated with CDA. ipQTLs integrated into genetic models with cdaQTLs account for more CDA phenotypic variation than that explained by cda-QTLs alone. Allelic forms of genes encoding IMPs associated with CDA in mice, including AKT1, MAPK14, MAPK8, STAT3, CAS3, and TP53, are genetic determinants of CDA in patients. Two genetic risk scores for pediatric patients (n = 71) and women with breast cancer (n = 420) were generated using machine-learning Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression. Thus, IMPs associated with heart damage identify genetic markers of CDA risk, thereby allowing more personalized patient management.J.P.L.’s lab is sponsored by Grant PID2020-118527RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/
501100011039; Grant PDC2021-121735-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011039 and by
the “European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR”, the Regional Government of Castile and León
(CSI144P20). J.P.L. and P.L.S. are supported by the Carlos III Health Institute (PIE14/00066). AGN
laboratory and human patients’ studies are supported by an ISCIII project grant (PI18/01242). The
Human Genotyping unit is a member of CeGen, PRB3, and is supported by grant PT17/0019 of the
PE I + D + i 2013–2016, funded by ISCIII and ERDF. SCLl is supported by MINECO/FEDER research
grants (RTI2018-094130-B-100). CH was supported by the Department of Defense (DoD) BCRP,
No. BC190820; and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH),
No. R01CA184476. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) is a multi-program national
laboratory operated by the University of California for the DOE under contract DE AC02-05CH11231.
The Proteomics Unit belongs to ProteoRed, PRB3-ISCIII, supported by grant PT17/0019/0023 of
the PE I + D +i, 2017–2020, funded by ISCIII and FEDER. RCC is funded by fellowships from
the Spanish Regional Government of Castile and León. NGS is a recipient of an FPU fellowship
(MINECO/FEDER). hiPSC-CM studies were funded in part by the “la Caixa” Banking Foundation
under the project code HR18-00304 and a Severo Ochoa CNIC Intramural Project (Exp. 12-2016
IGP) to J.J.S
Unexpected postglacial faulting in passive continental margins: Storfjorden glacial trough, Barents Sea
In high latitude continental margins, glacio-seismotectonics becomes particularly relevant during postglacial
unloading periods and related isostatic rebound. Based on multibeam bathymetry and parametric profiles, an
unexpected active 30 km long NNW-SSE fault is imaged for the first time in the inner Storfjorden glacial trough,
at the passive continental margin of the Barents Sea. The 10 km southern tip of the fault was surveyed in detail
and it is characterised by a total fault throw of 65 m. The fault forms an asymmetric valley with an upraised block
to its east (top at 245 m water depth), a downthrown block to the west (at 310 m water depth), and a most recent
fault scarp with 8 m relief at the seafloor valley axis. Recent fault activity is evidenced by its morphological
expression on the seafloor, the faulting of the glacial, glaciomarine and marine sediments and streamlined
landforms formed during the last glacial-interglacial period. Mass-flow deposits along the upraised block would
also indicate recent fault activity.
This fault may trigger earthquakes of up to MW 6.2, based on the magnitude/length ratio of the detailed
surveyed segment, which is similar in magnitude to those that occurred in the nearby northeastern regions
during 2008–2012. In any case, earthquakes may reach up to MW 6.8 if the entire fault length is activated. Rather
than the expected normal fault on the passive margin, this fault seems to be reversed and dipping eastwards. The
integration of the Storfjorden glacial trough reverse fault with regional structures suggests that the fault activated
the southwestward front of a wide, continental crustal block. These results are in accordance with a change in the
stresses in the passive continental margin since the rifting stage, from extension to post-rift compression, and
suggest that postglacial unloading may have favoured the fault development.Spanish IPY projects SVAIS (no. POL2006-07390/CGL) and IPY-NICE STREAMS (no. CTM2009-06370-E/ANT; Neogene ice streams and sedimentary processes on high-latitude continental margins, incorporated into the International Polar Year as activity no. 367)Research group RNM 148 (Junta de Andalucia)Project BARACA (PID2022-136678NB-I00 AEI/FEDER, UE)GOLETA (PID2019-108880RJ-I00/AEI/FEDER, UE)IHS for providing the Kingdom Suite™ licenceIGCP 640 - S4LIDE (Significance of Modern and Ancient Submarine Slope LandSLIDEs)‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S
L’escalfament global podria contribuir a generar tsunamis a l’Àrtic
[ES] La modelización de un deslizamiento submarino en las Islas Svalbard indica que las olas de tsunami podrían medir más de 4 metros de altura y llegarían a la costa en 50 minutos. Este estudio muestra la necesidad de investigar los márgenes glaciares en escenarios climáticos futuros por su repercusión en las poblaciones e infraestructuras costeras[CAT] La modelització d’un lliscament submarí a les Illes Svalbard indica que les onades de tsunami podrien fer més de 4 metres d’alçada i arribarien a la costa en 50 minuts. Aquest estudi mostra la necessitat d’investigar els marges glacials en escenaris climàtics futurs per la seva repercussió a les poblacions i infraestructures costaneresPeer reviewe