2,898 research outputs found

    O Ligando Notch Delta4 na hematopoiese embrionária do ratinho

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    Tese de mestrado em Biologia Molecular e Genética apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2007The Notch pathway is highly conserved during evolution and exerts important roles in cellfate decisions and differentiation processes. Notch signaling has been shown to regulate postnatal hematopoiesis but its role in embryonic hematopoiesis is less clear. Primitive hematopoiesis takes place in the microvenvironments of the Yolk-sac and, later on, of the AGM. Using Embryoid Bodies (EBs) derived from murine embryonic stem cells (ESC), an in vitro system known to faithfully reproduce primitive hematopoiesis in the embryo we have observed that the expression of Delta4 (a Notch-ligand) is transiently upregulated in EB-cells at the beginning of primitive erythropoiesis (day4). Therefore, we attempted to investigate the functional consequences of deficiency of this ligand. For this we have made use of an ESC-line haploinsufficient for Delta4 (Delta4+/-). We observed in Delta4+/- EBs loss of transient up-regulation of Delta4 transcript, reduction of hemangioblast and multi-lineage hematopoietic potential, profound architectural abnormalities and evidence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Intriguingly, the expression of Notch target genes directly involved in hematopoiesis is similar in wild type and mutant EBs. Biochemical characterization of wild-type and mutant EBs at early days of development further revealed a vestigial presence of gamma-secretase-cleaved Notch1. These results show that Delta4 is a master regulator of primitive hematopoiesis, but in a manner that might be independent of the gamma-secretase-cleaved (canonical) Notch-ICD. To address this hypothesis a Delta4 mutant, devoid of 4 carboxy-terminal aminoacids, a region known to be involved in Delta4 functions independent of Notch. This construct will allow to investigate if the Delta4+/- EBs phenotype is due do Delta4 effects that are independent of Notch activationO sistema Notch é uma via de sinalizaçãoo evolutivamente conservada que desempenha um papel fundamental nos processos de diferenciação celular. Foi já demonstrada a sua função reguladora na hematopoiese pós-natal, mas conhece-se muito pouco do seu papel na hematopoiese embrionária. A hematopoiese embrionária ocorre nos microambientes do saco vitelino e, posteriormente, na AGM. Para investigar os efeitos do sistema Notch nos primeiros estadios da hematopoiese, usou-se um modelo in vitro de EBs diferenciados a partir de CEE, que reproduz fielmente a hematopoiese primitiva no embrião. Tendo-se observado um aumento transitório da transcrição do gene Delta4, um dos ligandos dos receptores Notch, no início da eritropoiese primitiva (dia 4), procurou-se averiguar as consequências funcionais da ausência deste ligando. Para tal, analisaram-se EBs derivados de uma linha haploinsuficiente para Delta4 (Delta4+/-). Observou-se que a perda de um alelo Delta4 conduz a alterações na dinâmica temporal de expressão Delta4 durante o desenvolvimento de EBs, à redução do seu potencial de geração de hemangioblastos e de linhagens hematopoidicas definitivas, a profundas alterações da estrutura tridimensional e a uma transição epitélio-mesenquima. Contudo, não se verificaram diferenças quantitativas na expressão de genes alvo do sistema Notch, envolvidos na hematopoiese. Por outro lado, a caracterização bioquímica de EBs controlo e mutantes nos primeiros dias de desenvolvimento, revelou uma presença vestigial de formas de Notch1 clivadas por gama-secretase. Estes resultados mostram que Delta4 é um regulador crónico da hematopoiese embrionária, mas que a sua acção se exerce por mecanismos independentes da sinalização canónica Notch, mediada por gama-secretase. Para investigar esta hipótese procedeu-se à construção de um mutante Delta4 desprovido de 4 aminoáidos da extremidade carboxi-terminal, região esta descrita como responsável po

    Is there a relationship between ferric-chelate reductase activity in roots of poncirus trifoliata and leaf chlorophyll contents?

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    Poncirus trifoliata is a citrus rootstock very sensitive to Fe deficiency. This deficiency is very common in crops grown in calcareous soils due to the detrimental effect of bicarbonate ion. Higher plants have distinct behaviours when faced with Fe chlorosis, and several mechanisms may be activated under Fe shortage. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of ferric-chelate reductase (FC-R), a key enzyme in Fe uptake, and to verify whether relationships with leaf chlorophyll contents could be established. Plants were grown in nutrient solutions without Fe (0 μM Fe), with 1 μM Fe, with 120 μM Fe and with 120 μM Fe plus CaCO3 (1 g L-1). Total leaf chlorophyll in young and mature leaves was determined using a calibration model based on a relationship between SPAD readings and concentration of chlorophyll (r2=0.95; P<0.01). The activity of FC-R was determined in roots apexes and several biomass parameters in shoots (number of leaves, height, dry and fresh weight) and roots (dry and fresh weight) were evaluated at the end of the experiment. The activity of FC-R increased in plants grown without iron (0 μM Fe). The results about the relations between root FC-R and leaf chlorophyll are discussed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Correction to: Can bicarbonate enhance the performance of carob seedlings grown in nutrient solutions with different Fe concentrations?

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    Correction to: Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-019-00100-4info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Responses of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants to iron deficiency in the root zone

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    Iron deficiency induces a yellowing in the aerial part of plants, known as iron chlorosis, and reduces the growth, yield, and quality of the fruits. Understanding plant response to iron deficiency is essential for agronomic management. This study decoded the temporal response of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to iron deficiency by quantifying different vegetative parameters. Subapical root swelling in the first 2.0 mm and several shoot and root growth parameters were measured in plants grown in a nutrient solution with and without Fe, on different dates designated as days after transplantation (DAT). Correlations between the total chlorophyll concentration in young leaves and 22 morphological and physiological parameters were also calculated. The plants grown in the absence of Fe had a higher number of secondary roots at 3 DAT, compared to control plants. On the same date, subapical root swelling was also observed, particularly at 1.5 and 2.0 mm from the root tip. Those plants also had a lower chlorophyll content in young leaves and a higher ferric-chelate reductase activity (FCR; EC 1.16.1.17) in the roots. At 9 DAT, the overall vegetative performance (plant height, fresh weight of stems and leaves) was negatively affected. At the end of the experiment (14 DAT), significant correlations were found between chlorophyll and the studied parameters. In conclusion, tomato plants experienced a cascade of responses to Fe deficiency throughout nine days: firstly, root lateralization increased; later, root swelling was observed, and a decrease in leaf chlorophyll content was registered associated with an increase in root FCR. At the end, the biomass of tomato plants decreased.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    A conjugação da vida pública e privada: entre o sonho e a realidade

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    Poster apresentado na International Conference of AIOSP, Lisboa, 14 - 16 Set. 2005.A conciliação entre vida familiar e profissional é um desafio para as mulheres que querem seguir ou seguem uma carreira profissional (eg., Cinamon & Rich, 2002ab; Fitzgerald & Harmon, 2001). Raparigas têm tendência para baixar aspirações face à carreira devido a dificuldades percebidas de conjugação do trabalho fora de casa com a vida doméstica e familiar (Leung, Conely & Schell, 1994). Estas podem estar na base de dificuldades na construção de uma identidade vocacional e da preferência por cursos “femininos”, com maior flexibilidade de horários e menor exigência de envolvimento com a profissão (Archer, 1985). Também, da maior “motivação para o trabalho” - desejo de trabalhar fora de casa, embora não dando prioridade a esse papel; e menor “orientação para a carreira” - tendência para fazer do trabalho o centro de interesse dominante da vida e encarar as tarefas domésticas como secundárias (eg., Cimanon & Rich, 2002a; Richardson, 1974)

    The Case Against Template Informed Consent Procedures in Biomedical Research: Heterogeneity in health Literacy in Chile

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    Indexación: Web of Science; ScieloSe examinó el alfabetismo en salud en Chile con el fin de determinar si se pueden usar procedimientos de consentimiento informado estándares en esta población. Se evaluó el alfabetismo en salud con la versión abreviada de la prueba SAHLSA. Los resultados se expresaron como el porcentaje de respuestas correctas en cada prueba. El promedio global de respuestas correctas fue 85.4 ± 13.5 % (media aritmética ± desviación estándar, n=762). Hubo diferencias importantes entre los subgrupos examinados. El nivel más bajo de alfabetismo en salud se detectó en pescadores artesanales y sus familias y en estudiantes de liceos públicos, y el más alto en estudiantes universitarios y madres pobladoras atendidas en el sistema público de salud. Los resultados muestran la necesidad que los procedimientos de consentimiento informado tomen en cuenta la heterogeneidad del alfabetismo en salud de la población chilena.Health literacy was examined in Chile to assess whether it is homogenous enough to allow the use of "templates" for informed consent, and to identity subgroups that may need special consideration when recruited for research because of their low health literacy abbreviated SAHLSA test of health literacy was used. Results were expressed as percent of correct answers out of the 50 items of the SAHLSA test. There was high health literacy with 85.4 ± 13.5 % (arithmetic mean ± standard deviation, «=762) of correct answers. There were important differences between groups, with lower scores in artisanal fishermen families and high-school students attending public schools, and higher scores in university students and mothers attending the public health system. Results show that a case by case approach is probably more appropriate when seeking informed consent in this population because of the variability of health literacy.http://ref.scielo.org/nb426

    Propuesta para el rediseno de las politicas de reaprovisionamiento de las sucursales de venta y de la bodega de producto terminado de una empresa productora de vinos envasados

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    127 p.La alta competitividad en el ámbito empresarial y los ajustados márgenes de beneficios en muchos sectores económicos hacen que una buena gerencia de los recursos disponibles sea esencial para aumentar los beneficios de las empresas. Así, el control de inventario se ha convertido en un factor crítico para el éxito de las compañías. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo general rediseñar las políticas de reaprovisionamiento de las sucursales de venta y la bodega de producto terminado de la planta productiva de una empresa vitivinícola, con el fin de disminuir el costo total incurrido en el manejo de inventario. Se realiza primero una recopilación de la teoría relevante, donde destacan autores como Chopra (2007), Nahmias (2007) y Krajewski (2000) en la parte relacionada con pronóstico de demanda y políticas de control de stock (R,Q) clásica basada en el modelo EOQ y Axäter (2007) o Graves (1985) en temas de políticas Multisitio, donde todos los actores de la cadena de suministro se coordinan para aumentar aún más la performance del sistema. Se prosiguió con un levantamiento del sistema actual, realizando una clasificación ABC por producto y sucursal para determinar cuales son las más importantes en términos de ventas para la compañía y también se detectó la forma de reabastecerse en cada etapa de la cadena, junto con la estimación de los costos de inventario. Luego se analizó la calidad de los pronósticos actuales y se propuso un mejor método de proyección. Por último se evaluó el costo total de las políticas (R,Q) y Multisitio para determinar si la aplicación de una u otra es mejor que la política actual. Los principales resultados del trabajo son, primero por el lado de los pronósticos con el método propuesto se mejora en promedio un 8% la calidad de dichos pronósticos en relación a los métodos actuales. Con respecto a las políticas de reaprovisionamiento, la aplicación de una política (R,Q) permite disminuir en un 37% el costo total con respecto al actual, mientras que si se aplicase una política Multisitio el ahorro sería de un 45%. Finalmente se concluye que una política Multisitio logra mejorar sustancialmente el rendimiento de una cadena de suministro pero requiere de la coordinación entre las distintas etapas, tarea que requiere tiempo implementar

    Implementación computacional del modelo armónico de un potencial tipo tight binding para el grafeno

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    El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo la definición y resolución computacional de un modelo armónico de una red de grafeno del tipo Tight Binding en el entorno MATLAB a partir de uno ya definido en lenguaje Mathematica. Previo planteamiento teórico del modelo, se plasman las diferentes soluciones adopatadas para poder expresar las ecuaciones que conforman el sistema sin afrontar pérdida de información a lo largo del proceso de resolución, los resultados alcanzados y las diferencias entre ambos programas en su ejecución.The present project seeks to achieve the computational definition and resolution of a harmonic model of a Tight Binding-type graphene lattice in the MATLAB environment starting by an already defined model in the Mathematica coding language. Firstly, a theoretical approach is carried out, then all the different solutions assumed in order to express the model equations without any information lost during the solving process are shown. Thirdly, the achieved results are demonstrated and finally it is provided an explanation of the differences between both softwares throughout its execution.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Ingeniería Aeroespacia
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