Alterações anatomofuncionais cerebrais decorrentes do aprendizado de um segundo idioma e seus efeitos no desempenho dos acadêmicos de medicina de uma instituição particular de ensino superior em Anápolis, Goiás

RESUMO: Baseando-se na premissa de que a experiência humana modifica a estrutura e funcionalidades cerebrais, e que essas modificações podem significar vantagens neurocognitivas - ponto não pacífico na literatura, não poucos se lançaram na busca da compreensão dessa dinâmica de modificação cerebral. Sobretudo em razão do desenvolvimento das técnicas de neuroimagem nos últimos anos, ampliou-se numérica e qualitativamente a literatura a respeito desse assunto e possibilitou-se o estabelecimento de novas linhas de investigação. O aprendizado de um segundo idioma ganha interesse especial, uma vez que é uma das ações humanas de maior constância e intensidade, capaz de gerar padrões de alteração cerebrais mensuráveis, consistindo, pois, em um modelo para o estudo das próprias modificações em questão. A discussão quanto a que regiões são afetadas, e qual o significado dessas modificações, trouxe à baila uma série de estruturas anatômicas e funcionais. Destacam-se as alterações de espessura e densidade cortical, a maior integridade da matéria branca e o fortalecimento das vias de conexão entre várias áreas do cérebro, bem como o apoio do cérebro bilíngue em estruturas diferentes daquelas do cérebro monolíngue. Essas modificações aparentemente significam melhora das funções cognitivas, executivas e, mutatis mutandis, maior substrato para o fenômeno da inteligência. Por isso, o objetivo do presente projeto é verificar se há associação entre o rendimento acadêmico e o domínio de um segundo idioma, através de pesquisa de satisfação com as notas e de teste rápido de QI aplicados aos acadêmicos de medicina da UniEVANGÉLICA. &nbsp

Identificação e análise de resistência à oxacilina de bactérias residentes da microbiota nasal de indivíduos hospitalizados e não hospitalizados no Município de Varginha – MG/ Identification and oxacillin resistance analysis of isolated bacteria from nasal microbiota of hospitalized and non-hospitalized individuals from the City of Varginha-MG

Increasing rates of antibiotic-resistant microbial infections, both in hospitals and in society, have raised considerable concern for the health community, as these infectious diseases continue to be the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The nasal microbiota is an important reservoir of pathogenic bacteria. Resident microorganisms of the nasal microbiota have shown high rates of mutagenicity and antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to identify which bacteria are present in the nasal cavity of people in the community and their susceptibility profile to the antibiotics discussed above, and finally to make a comparison between the data obtained in the community and the data obtained from individuals hospitalized in previous research. This purpose was achieved from the analysis of samples of nasal material from students of the University Center of Southern Minas - UNIS / MG. The samples were collected by sterile swab and subsequently analyzed in the microbiology laboratory of the same institution. Finally, oxacillin susceptibility testing was performed using the Mueller Hinton Agar Disc Diffusion technique following the standardization of the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). A higher number of oxacillin-resistant bacteria was found in hospitalized subjects. However, although in smaller numbers, resistant bacteria were found in the individuals of society, reflecting the need for an incentive to develop new drugs and especially methods that slow down the increase of resistance and contribute to the awareness about the proper use of antibiotics

Occurrence and inequalities by education in multimorbidity in Brazilian adults between 2013 and 2019: evidence from the National Health Survey.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were: 1) to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity in 2013 and 2019 in adults aged 20-59 years; 2) to assess inequalities in the prevalence of multimorbidity in 2013 and 2019 according to educational level. METHODS: Data from two cross-sectional surveys from the Brazilian National Health Survey in 2013 and 2019 were used. Multimorbidity was assessed from 14 lifetime self-reported morbidities (except back problems) and defined using the cutoff point of ≥2 diseases. The prevalence of multimorbidity and individual morbidities were described according to gender, age, skin color, and education. For education, crude, and relative inequalities in prevalence of multimorbidity were calculated using the Slope Index of Inequality and the Concentration Index, respectively. RESULTS: The prevalence of multimorbidity increased from 18.7% (95%CI 18.0-19.3) in 2013 to 22.3% (95%CI 21.7-22.9) in 2019, being higher among women and adults between 30-59 years in both periods. Asthma/bronchitis, depression, and back problems were the conditions that increased the most in the study period. Absolute and relative inequalities by education status were observed in the study period, with worse multimorbidity profiles among the less educated. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of multimorbidity increased between 2013 and 2019. Inequalities in the prevalence of multimorbidity were observed according to educational level

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality