FigGen: Text to Scientific Figure Generation

The generative modeling landscape has experienced tremendous growth in recent years, particularly in generating natural images and art. Recent techniques have shown impressive potential in creating complex visual compositions while delivering impressive realism and quality. However, state-of-the-art methods have been focusing on the narrow domain of natural images, while other distributions remain unexplored. In this paper, we introduce the problem of text-to-figure generation, that is creating scientific figures of papers from text descriptions. We present FigGen, a diffusion-based approach for text-to-figure as well as the main challenges of the proposed task. Code and models are available at https://github.com/joanrod/figure-diffusionComment: Published at ICLR 2023 as a Tiny Pape

Evaluating Supervision Levels Trade-Offs for Infrared-Based People Counting

Object detection models are commonly used for people counting (and localization) in many applications but require a dataset with costly bounding box annotations for training. Given the importance of privacy in people counting, these models rely more and more on infrared images, making the task even harder. In this paper, we explore how weaker levels of supervision can affect the performance of deep person counting architectures for image classification and point-level localization. Our experiments indicate that counting people using a CNN Image-Level model achieves competitive results with YOLO detectors and point-level models, yet provides a higher frame rate and a similar amount of model parameters.Comment: Accepted in IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV) 202

Multi-Color Imaging of Magnetic Co/Pt Multilayers

We demonstrate for the first time the realization of a spatial resolved two color, element-specific imaging experiment at the free-electron laser facility FERMI. Coherent imaging using Fourier transform holography was used to achieve direct real space access to the nanometer length scale of magnetic domains of Co/Pt heterostructures via the element-specific magnetic dichroism in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range. As a first step to implement this technique for studies of ultrafast phenomena we present the spatially resolved response of magnetic domains upon femtosecond laser excitation

X-ray holography with a customizable reference

In X-ray Fourier-transform holography, images are formed by exploiting the interference pattern between the X-rays scattered from the sample and a known reference wave. To date, this technique has only been possible with a limited set of special reference waves. We demonstrate X-ray Fourier-transform holography with an almost unrestricted choice for the reference wave, permitting experimental geometries to be designed according to the needs of each experiment and opening up new avenues to optimize signal-to-noise and resolution. The optimization of holographic references can aid the development of holographic techniques to meet the demands of resolution and fidelity required for single-shot imaging applications with X-ray lasers

Domain Generalization by Rejecting Extreme Augmentations

Data augmentation is one of the most effective techniques for regularizing deep learning models and improving their recognition performance in a variety of tasks and domains. However, this holds for standard in-domain settings, in which the training and test data follow the same distribution. For the out-of-domain case, where the test data follow a different and unknown distribution, the best recipe for data augmentation is unclear. In this paper, we show that for out-of-domain and domain generalization settings, data augmentation can provide a conspicuous and robust improvement in performance. To do that, we propose a simple training procedure: (i) use uniform sampling on standard data augmentation transformations; (ii) increase the strength transformations to account for the higher data variance expected when working out-of-domain, and (iii) devise a new reward function to reject extreme transformations that can harm the training. With this procedure, our data augmentation scheme achieves a level of accuracy that is comparable to or better than state-of-the-art methods on benchmark domain generalization datasets. Code: \url{https://github.com/Masseeh/DCAug

Seeded x-ray free-electron laser generating radiation with laser statistical properties

The invention of optical lasers led to a revolution in the field of optics and even to the creation of completely new fields of research such as quantum optics. The reason was their unique statistical and coherence properties. The newly emerging, short-wavelength free-electron lasers (FELs) are sources of very bright coherent extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) and x-ray radiation with pulse durations on the order of femtoseconds, and are presently considered to be laser sources at these energies. Most existing FELs are highly spatially coherent but in spite of their name, they behave statistically as chaotic sources. Here, we demonstrate experimentally, by combining Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) interferometry with spectral measurements that the seeded XUV FERMI FEL-2 source does indeed behave statistically as a laser. The first steps have been taken towards exploiting the first-order coherence of FELs, and the present work opens the way to quantum optics experiments that strongly rely on high-order statistical properties of the radiation.Comment: 24 pages, 10 figures, 37 reference

Serviços ecológicos de insetos e outros artrópodes em sistemas agroflorestais.

Com a crescente demanda global por alimentos há aumento do impacto ambiental das atividades para produção animal e agrícola sobre a biodiversidade, ocasionando redução cada vez mais acentuada de insetos e artóprodes. Porém, os serviços ecológicos fornecidos pela biodiversidade podem ser importantes para a produção sustentável de alimentos em sistemas agroflorestais. Nessa revisão bibliográfica objetivou-se elucidar como insetos e artrópodes podem ser benéficos em sistemas de produção agropecuários, em especial sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs). A diversidade desses organismos auxilia na conservação e preservação do meio ambiente dentro e no entorno desse tipo de uso da terra. Além disso, pesquisas científicas constataram que o nicho ecológico de insetos e outros tipos de artrópodes são essencialmente importantes para a ciclagem de nutrientes e manutenção da sustentabilidade e produção dos agroecossistemas. As monoculturas, quando comparadas com sistemas agroflorestais, provocam significativas perdas de biodiversidade, inclusive de insetos. Portanto, a exploração de sistemas agroflorestais em consonância com a preservação do meio ambiente e aproveitando seus serviços ecológicos pode ser uma alternativa sutentável para áreas de produção agrícola

Optical constants modelling in silicon nitride membrane transiently excited by EUV radiation.

We hereby report on a set of transient optical reflectivity and transmissivity measurements performed on silicon nitride thin membranes excited by extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation from a free electron laser (FEL). Experimental data were acquired as a function of the membrane thickness, FEL fluence and probe polarization. The time dependence of the refractive index, retrieved using Jones matrix formalism, encodes the dynamics of electron and lattice excitation following the FEL interaction. The observed dynamics are interpreted in the framework of a two temperature model, which permits to extract the relevant time scales and magnitudes of the processes. We also found that in order to explain the experimental data thermo-optical effects and inter-band filling must be phenomenologically added to the model

Short-wavelength four wave mixing experiments using single and two-color schemes at FERMI

The development of ultra-bright extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray free electron laser (FEL) sources has enabled the extension of wave-mixing approaches into the short wavelength regime. Such a class of experiments relies upon nonlinear interactions among multiple light pulses offering a unique tool for exploring the dynamics of ultrafast processes and correlations between selected excitations at relevant length and time scales adding elemental and site selectivity as well. Besides the availability of a suitable photon source, the implementation of wave mixing methodology requires efforts in developing the instrumental set-up. We have realized at the FERMI FEL two dedicated set-ups to handle multiple FEL beams with preselected parameters in a non-collinear fashion and control their interaction sequence at the target. These unique apparatuses, combined with the exceptional characteristics of the seeded FERMI FEL, have allowed us to make the first steps into this field and further advances are foreseen in the near future

TRANSPORTE INTRA-HOSPITALAR DO PACIENTE CRÍTICO

The medicine knowledge and development of new technologies for diagnoses and treatment of patients had permitted the longevity of healthy people and of those with acute or chronic illness. These technological advances are not well distributed, but there are clearly improvements on the management of patients in medical field leading to a lower mortality and a better quality of life. With these improvements, hospitals needed to increase the area of critical care settings. Patients have being beneficiated by these diagnose technologies, most of them including image, but to access them, they need to be transported out of a intensive care unit, needing to maintain the same level of monitorization. That is the great importance on transportation of a critical patient, and it has being neglected by most health professionals. The objective of this article is to make a reflection of the various moments, phases and care involving the intra-hospital transport, discussing its various aspects.O avanço do conhecimento médico e o desenvolvimento da tecnologia para diagnóstico e tratamento das doenças que afligem os seres humanos têm permitido um aumento da longevidade das pessoas hígidas e daquelas que possuem agravos agudos ou crônicos. Embora estes avanços estejam heterogeneamente distribuídos, há uma nítida melhora das condições de atendimento médico em nosso meio e isto tem feito com que pacientes que anteriormente evoluíssem para o óbito, tenham condições de se manterem vivos em diferentes condições de qualidade de vida. Isto tem feito com que os hospitais tenham que aumentar as áreas de atendimento e cuidados de pacientes críticos. Estes pacientes têm sido beneficiados pela tecnologia de diagnóstico, principalmente, de imagem existente e, quase sempre, para ter acesso a estes benefícios, estes pacientes precisam ser transportados para fora da área de cuidados intensivos e manter o mesmo nível de monitorização para que não haja problemas. É aí que está a grande importância do transporte do paciente crítico que, no geral, vem sendo muito negligenciada pelos profissionais de saúde. O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma reflexão dos vários momentos, fases e cuidados envolvidos no transporte intra-hospitalar, discutindo as suas diversas modalidades