A Glossary of Words Used in the Wapentakes of Manley and Corringham, Lincolnshire

Glosario. -- Lincolnshire. -- Manley. -- Corringham. -- Pertenece a la Colección Varia 1800-1950 de The Salamanca Corpus. -- Edward Peacock, 1830-1915. -- A Glossary of Words Used in the Wapentakes of Manley and Corringham, Lincolnshire. -- Vol. 1. -- Segunda edición. -- 1889.[ES]Volumen 1 del Glosario de Lincolnshire recopilado por Edward Peacock. [EN] Volumen 1 of Edward Peacock's Lincolnshire Glossary

An Evidence Based Approach To Determining Residential Occupancy and its Role in Demand Response Management

AbstractThis article introduces a methodological approach for analysing time series data from multiple sensors in order to estimate home occupancy. The approach combines the Dempster-Shafer theory, which allows the fusion of ‘evidence’ from multiple sensors, with the Hidden Markov Model. The procedure addresses some of the practicalities of occupancy estimation including the blind estimation of sensor distributions during unoccupied and occupied states, and issues of occupancy inference when some sensors have missing data. The approach is applied to preliminary data from a residential family home on the North Coast of Scotland. Features derived from sensors that monitored electrical power, dew point temperature and indoor CO2 concentration were fused and the Hidden Markov Model applied to predict the occupancy profile. The approach shown is able to predict daytime occupancy, while effectively handling periods of missing sensor data, according to cross-validation with available ground truth information. Knowledge of occupancy is then fused with consumption behaviour and a simple metric developed to allow the assessment of how likely it is that a household can participate in demand response at different periods during the day. The benefits of demand response initiatives are qualitatively discussed. The approach could be used to assist in the transition towards more active energy citizens, as envisaged by the smart grid

The Efficacy of Germicides Against Adenovirus Serotypes 2 and 8

Infectious diseases can be transferred from person to person via direct contact with contaminated inanimate objects. In healthcare settings, these objects can range from tabletops to bedrails to patient care equipment. One technique utilized by infection control professionals to control these environmental infectious microorganisms is disinfection. Adenovirus type 8, which commonly causes epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), is a worldwide problem in newborns and remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing cataract extraction or corneal replacement procedures. One of the ways adenovirus type 8 can be spread is from patient to patient by contaminated ophthalmic equipment. Therefore, the elimination of adenovirus type 8 from inanimate objects, such as tonometers, potentially could offer significant health benefits. Unfortunately, only limited data are available on the efficacy of available germicide products versus adenovirus 8. Given the lack of data on the efficacy of disinfection products in adenovirus eradication, this study was designed to identify which commonly used germicides were most effective in this pursuit, and in turn reduce the risk of infection resulting from patient contact with contaminated ophthalmic instruments.Master of Science in Public Healt

The Town Lake Report, Volumes I and II

This report makes brief references to sediment and other trends seen in Waller Creek.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Town Lake’s importance as a natural resource is growing in tandem with Austin’s rapid population. The lake is a source of drinking water for the City, and its greenbelt and open waters are widely used for recreation and as a focal-point for public events. In 1992, under the Clean Lakes program, a comprehensive report entitled the “Town Lake Study” (COA 1992a; COA 1992b; COA 1992c) was prepared. It examined the condition of the lake (Volume I), water quality control alternatives (Volume II) and a feasibility study (Volume III). This report updates the diagnostic study, Volume I (COA 1992a), including the current status of water quality with data analyzed through the year 2000. It also includes a summary of measures taken to reduce pollution from urban runoff since 1990.Waller Creek Working Grou

Metodología de terreno para apoyar la evaluación del contenido de salmueras de litio y potasio en cuencas salinas

Recientes avances en la tecnología de baterías ha provocado un incremento en la demanda y en el interés por depósitos de salmueras ricos en litio en Argentina. Junto con el contenido de litio, el potasio es un importante sub-producto comercializable para la industria de la agricultura. Con el apoyo de Galaxy Lithium, Montgomery & Associates ha desarrollado una metodología sistemática para determinar las propiedades físico-químicas del acuífero necesarias para evaluar los depósitos de salmueras. Estos métodos incluyen diversos análisis de laboratorio de muestras de testigos, muestreos de salmueras a diferentes profundidades, perfiles de conductividad eléctrica, muestreos de bombeos de bajo caudal, y pruebas de bombeo de corta y larga duración. Los buenos resultados obtenidos del análisis de los diversos métodos utilizados en las labores de campo, han permitido obtener un grado de confiabilidad más que satisfactorio en el desarrollo del modelo conceptual y en el plan de mina y extracción.Recent advances in battery technology has brought upon an increased demand and interest in li thium-rich brine deposits in Argentina. In addition to lithium contained in these deposits, potassium is an important and saleable by-product for the agricultural industry. With the support of Galaxy Lithium, Montgomery & Associates has developed a systematic approach for understanding the aquifer and chemical properties required to evaluate brine deposits. These methods include several different laboratory analyses for core samples, depth-specific brine sampling, downhole electrical conductivity measurements, low flow sampling, and short- and long-term aquifer tests. Good agreement of results from the various methods used in the field has resulted in a large degree of confidence in the conceptual model and future mining and extraction plan.Universidad Nacional de La Plat

Detection of Cosmic Shear with the HST Survey Strip

Weak lensing by large-scale structure provides a unique method to directly measure matter fluctuations in the universe, and has recently been detected from the ground. Here, we report the first detection of this `cosmic shear' based on space-based images. The detection was derived from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Survey Strip (or Groth Strip), a 4' by 42' set of 28 contiguous WFPC2 pointings with I<27. The small size of the HST Point-Spread Function (PSF) affords both a lower statistical noise, and a much weaker sensitivity to systematic effects, a crucial limiting factor of cosmic shear measurements. Our method and treatment of systematic effects were discussed in an earlier paper (Rhodes, Refregier & Groth 2000). We measure an rms shear of 1.8% on the WFPC2 chip scale (1.27'), in agreement with the predictions of cluster-normalized CDM models. Using a Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis, we show that our detection is significant at the 99.5% confidence level (CL), and measure the normalization of the matter power spectrum to be sigma8*Omega_m^(0.48) = 0.51 (+0.14,-0.17), in a LambdaCDM universe. These 68% CL errors include (Gaussian) cosmic variance, systematic effects and the uncertainty in the redshift distribution of the background galaxies. Our result is consistent with earlier lensing measurements from the ground, and with the normalization derived from cluster abundance. We discuss how our measurement can be improved with the analysis of a large number of independent WFPC2 fields.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Co-designing the next generation of home energy management systems with lead-users

Home energy management systems are widely promoted as essential components of future low carbon economies. It is argued in this paper that assumptions surrounding their deployment, and the methods used to design them, emerge from discredited models of people and energy. This offers an explanation for why their field trial performance is so inconsistent. A first of a kind field trial is reported. Three eco communities took part in a comprehensive participatory design exercise as lead users. The challenge was to help users synchronise their energy use behaviours with the availability of locally generated renewable energy sources. To meet this aim, a set of highly novel Home Energy Management interfaces were co-designed and tested. Not only were the designs radically different to the norm, but they also yielded sustained user engagement over a six-month follow-up period. It is argued that user-centred design holds the key to unlocking the energy saving potential of new domestic technologies, and this study represents a bold step in that direction

Reconstructing transmission trees for communicable diseases using densely sampled genetic data.

Whole genome sequencing of pathogens from multiple hosts in an epidemic offers the potential to investigate who infected whom with unparalleled resolution, potentially yielding important insights into disease dynamics and the impact of control measures. We considered disease outbreaks in a setting with dense genomic sampling, and formulated stochastic epidemic models to investigate person-to-person transmission, based on observed genomic and epidemiological data. We constructed models in which the genetic distance between sampled genotypes depends on the epidemiological relationship between the hosts. A data augmented Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm was used to sample over the transmission trees, providing a posterior probability for any given transmission route. We investigated the predictive performance of our methodology using simulated data, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity, particularly for rapidly mutating pathogens with low transmissibility. We then analyzed data collected during an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a hospital, identifying probable transmission routes and estimating epidemiological parameters. Our approach overcomes limitations of previous methods, providing a framework with the flexibility to allow for unobserved infection times, multiple independent introductions of the pathogen, and within-host genetic diversity, as well as allowing forward simulation.Funding received from the following: The European Community [Mastering Hospital Antimicrobial Resistance (MOSAR) network contract LSHP-CT-2007-037941]. The National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under award number U54GM088558. The UK Medical Research Council (Unit Programme number U105260566). The UKCRC Translational Infection Research Initiative (MRC Grant number G1000803) and Public Health England. The Medical Research Council and Department for International Development (Grant number MR/K006924/1). The Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit is part of the Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme in SE Asia (Grant number 106698/Z/14/Z).This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from the Institute of Mathematical Statistics via http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/15-AOAS89

Biogeography and Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is commonly carried asymptomatically in the human anterior nares and occasionally enters the bloodstream to cause invasive disease. Much of the global diversity of S. aureus remains uncharacterised, and is not clear how disease propensity varies between strains, and between host populations.We compared 147 isolates recovered from five kindergartens in Chengdu, China, with 51 isolates contemporaneously recovered from cases of pediatric infection from the main hospital serving this community. The samples were characterised by MLST, the presence/absence of PVL, and antibiotic resistance profiling.Genotype frequencies within individual kindergartens differ, but the sample recovered from cases of disease shows a general enrichment of certain MLST genotypes and PVL positive isolates. Genotypes under-represented in the disease sample tend to correspond to a single sequence cluster, and this cluster is more common in China than in other parts of the world.Virulence propensity likely reflects a synergy between variation in the core genome (MLST) and accessory genome (PVL). By combining evidence form biogeography and virulence we demonstrate the existence of a "native" clade in West China which has lowered virulence, possibility due to acquired host immunity