Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19

Interindividual clinical variability in the course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is vast. We report that at least 101 of 987 patients with life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia had neutralizing immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies (auto-Abs) against interferon-w (IFN-w) (13 patients), against the 13 types of IFN-a (36), or against both (52) at the onset of critical disease; a few also had auto-Abs against the other three type I IFNs. The auto-Abs neutralize the ability of the corresponding type I IFNs to block SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. These auto-Abs were not found in 663 individuals with asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection and were present in only 4 of 1227 healthy individuals. Patients with auto-Abs were aged 25 to 87 years and 95 of the 101 were men. A B cell autoimmune phenocopy of inborn errors of type I IFN immunity accounts for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia in at least 2.6% of women and 12.5% of men

Movimento de água e resistência à penetração em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico de cerrado, sob diferentes usos e manejos Water movement and resistence to penetration in a distrophic Red Latosol of cerrado under different uses and management

Na Fazenda Experimental da Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - UNESP, no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, conduziu-se um estudo com o objetivo de se avaliar as modificações do movimento de água de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico sob vegetação de cerrado, para diferentes condições de uso e manejo do solo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 6 tratamentos e 10 repetições, constando dos seguintes usos e manejos: plantio direto com culturas anuais; preparo convencional com culturas anuais; cultivo mínimo com culturas anuais; vegetação natural (cerrado); área com pastagem e área com cultura de seringueira. Foram avaliados o movimento da água no solo através da infiltração na superfície, condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado e resistência do solo à penetração, nas profundidades de 0-0,10; 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m. O uso e o manejo do solo alteraram o movimento da água do solo e sua resistência à penetração. O cultivo mínimo revelou-se como o sistema de manejo com melhores resultados, mostrando maior capacidade de infiltração de água no solo, condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado e menor resistência do solo à penetração, quando comparado ao sistema de vegetação natural. Dentre os sistemas de usos e manejos estudados, os sistemas com seringueira e pastagem apresentaram menor capacidade de infiltração da água no solo e maior resistência do solo à penetração.<br>This study was conducted at Experimental Station of Faculdade de Engenharia - UNESP, Ilha Solteira County, in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The aim was to evaluate the water movement modifications of a Red Latosol under cerrado submited to different uses and managements. A completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 10 replicates was adopted. The treatments used and managements were: no-tillage with annual crops, conventional tillage with annual crops, minimum tillage with annual crops, native vegetation (cerrado), pasture and rubber crop. The water movement was measured through water infiltration in soil, hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil and soil resistence to penetration at 0-0.10; 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m depth. The results showed that soil use and management changed the water movement and soil resistence to penetration. The minimum tillage was the best management system providing higher soil water infiltration capacity, saturated hydraulic conductivity and the lower soil resistence to penetration when compared to the native vegetation system. Among different uses and management, the systems with rubber crop and pasture showed the lower water movement in soil and higher soil resistence to penetration in relation to the native vegetation system