Perspectivas dietéticas de la alimentación materna prenatal en el desarrollo del ámbito autista

The autistic field is the grouping of several neurodevelopmental disorders, appearing from the first stages of life. Maternal nutrition is critical for fetal brain development. At conception it is important for gamete function and placental development. Beginning in the second and third weeks after fertilization, the embryo undergoes coordinated processes of neuronal emergence and migration, synapse formation, myelination, and apoptosis to develop the fetal brain. Supplementation with: minerals, vitamins, fatty acids result in good neuronal function, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis.El ámbito autista es la agrupación de varios trastornos del neurodesarrollo, presentándose desde las primeras etapas de la vida. La nutrición materna es fundamental para el desarrollo del cerebro fetal. Al momento de la concepción es importante para la función de los gametos y el desarrollo placentario. A partir de la segunda y tercera semanas después de la fecundación, el embrión experimenta procesos coordinados de proliferación y migración neuronal, formación de sinapsis, mielinización y apoptosis para desarrollar el cerebro fetal. Una suplementación con: minerales, vitaminas, ácidos grasos tienen como resultado una buena función neuronal, neurogénesis, sinaptogénesis

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries