An outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Chile, 1997

Fil: Toro, Jorge. Ministry of Health; Chile.Fil: Vega, Jeanette D. Pan American Health Organization; Chile.Fil: Khan, Ali S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Mills, James N. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Padula, Paula. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Terry, William. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Yadón, Zaida. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Valderrama, Rosa. Aysen Region XI Health Service; Chile.Fil: Ellis, Barbara A. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Pavletic, Carlos. Ministry of Health; Chile.Fil: Cerda, Rodrigo. Pan American Health Organization; Chile.Fil: Zaki, Sherif. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Wun-Ju, Shieh. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Meyer, Richard. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Tapia, Mauricio. Coyhaique Regional Hospital; Chile.Fil: Mansilla, Carlos. Coyhaique Regional Hospital; Chile.Fil: Baro, Michel. Llanchipal Health Services; Chile.Fil: Vergara, Jose A. Llanchipal Health Services; Chile.Fil: Concha, Marisol. Ministry of Health; Chile.Fil: Calderón, Gladys. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio Maiztegui; Argentina.Fil: Enria, Delia. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio Maiztegui; Argentina.Fil: Peters, C.J. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Ksiazek, Thomas G. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.An outbreak of 25 cases of Andes virus-associated hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) was recognized in southern Chile from July 1997 through January 1998. In addition to the HPS patients, three persons with mild hantaviral disease and one person with asymptomatic acute infection were identified. Epidemiologic studies suggested person-to-person transmission in two of three family clusters. Ecologic studies showed very high densities of several species of sigmodontine rodents in the area

An outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Chile, 1997

Fil: Toro, Jorge. Ministry of Health; Chile.Fil: Vega, Jeanette D. Pan American Health Organization; Chile.Fil: Khan, Ali S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Mills, James N. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Padula, Paula. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Terry, William. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Yadón, Zaida. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Valderrama, Rosa. Aysen Region XI Health Service; Chile.Fil: Ellis, Barbara A. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Pavletic, Carlos. Ministry of Health; Chile.Fil: Cerda, Rodrigo. Pan American Health Organization; Chile.Fil: Zaki, Sherif. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Wun-Ju, Shieh. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Meyer, Richard. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Tapia, Mauricio. Coyhaique Regional Hospital; Chile.Fil: Mansilla, Carlos. Coyhaique Regional Hospital; Chile.Fil: Baro, Michel. Llanchipal Health Services; Chile.Fil: Vergara, Jose A. Llanchipal Health Services; Chile.Fil: Concha, Marisol. Ministry of Health; Chile.Fil: Calderón, Gladys. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio Maiztegui; Argentina.Fil: Enria, Delia. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio Maiztegui; Argentina.Fil: Peters, C.J. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Ksiazek, Thomas G. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.An outbreak of 25 cases of Andes virus-associated hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) was recognized in southern Chile from July 1997 through January 1998. In addition to the HPS patients, three persons with mild hantaviral disease and one person with asymptomatic acute infection were identified. Epidemiologic studies suggested person-to-person transmission in two of three family clusters. Ecologic studies showed very high densities of several species of sigmodontine rodents in the area

Efficiencies of NaOH production methods in a Kraft pulp mill

There are several processes in a Kraft pulp mill where there is a need for sodium hydroxide, e.g. in the digester and the bleaching plant. The objective of this study is to perform a preliminary evaluation, intended to select the best alternative for producing sodium hydroxide on a Kraft pulp mill site. The first step of the evaluation consists of screening available processes for producing sodium hydroxide needed in the mill. The first step of the evaluation shows that the two best options for increasing the production of sodium hydroxide for internal use in a mill are the conventional lime cycle process or direct causticization with titanates. The second step of the evaluation compares the lime cycle and the titanate process using first and second law analyses to determine the energy requirement and the exergy efficiencies of both processes. Such analyses show a higher energy requirement and a lower exergy efficiency in the titanate process than in the lime cycle process without any heat integration. However, the titanate process shows better performance in terms of energy requirement and exergy efficiency than the lime cycle, if heat is integrated into both processes. The titanate process requires, in the best case, only 80% of the energy required for a fully heat-integrated lime cycle process. Copyright \ua9 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Systematic Review : Comparison of the Main Variables of Interest in Publications of Canine Bite Accidents in the Written Press, Gray and Scientific Literature in Chile and Spain, between the Years 2013 and 2017

Dog bites are a major public health problem throughout the world. The different types of information sources that exist in relation to this issue are influencing decision making to control and prevent these incidents. For this reason, the present study aims to compare the main variables of interest in the publications of dog bite accidents in the written and grey press and scientific literature in Chile and Spain, between 2013 and 2017. The results showed that sensationalist variables in dog bite articles are reported more frequently in the press literature compared to the indexed and grey literature. Examples of these variables are involvement of potentially dangerous breeds, articles with death reports, among others. In conclusion, an improvement in the quality of the information that reaches the population about dog bites could be achieved through better and more fluid communication between scientists and journalists who publish on this topic. Dog bites are a major public health problem, with consequences such as physical injury, psychological trauma, transmission of zoonoses, infections, and economic costs. For this reason, it is necessary to develop preventive programs, which require quality information to support the authorities' decision-making and to raise public awareness about the application of the proposed measures. The objective of this review was to analyze the press, indexed and gray dog bite literature published during the 2013-2017 period. During that period, 385 articles from three sources of information were analyzed: Press literature, scientific literature, and gray literature. Of these, the greatest amount of information corresponding to the context and the aggressor animal was found in the press literature, where it was recorded that the greatest number of records reported in the Chilean articles were caused by potentially dangerous breeds (87.50%), having significant differences with the gray literature (p = 0.030), and in Spain, the greatest number of attacks was also made by potentially dangerous dogs 91.30% (21/23), statistically significant differences with the gray literature (p = 0.002) and with the indexed (p < 0.001). In the case of the scientific and gray literature, the greatest amount of information was found about the victim of the attack and the treatments applied to them. In these cases, the highest percentage of victims included in the reports contained both sexes for the two literatures (44.62% and 87.71%, respectively). Regarding the treatment applied, in the scientific literature in most of the reports, the patients received washings, rabies vaccine, and tetanus vaccine (46.26%) and presented significant differences in Chile with the information contained in the gray literature (p = 0.023), in Spain with the gray (p = 0.017) and with the press (p = 0.023). In conclusion, the press literature differs in multiple variables with the information reported in the scientific literature and, in some cases, with the gray literature. The reason why the material that is being distributed to the population would not coincide in multiple relevant variables in other literature and the representative reality of the problem is the basis for this topic

Erratum to: First meeting “Cystic echinococcosis in Chile, update in alternatives for control and diagnostics in animals and humans”

This report summarizes the outcomes of a meeting on cystic echinococcosis (CE) in animals and humans in Chile held in Santiago, Chile, between the 21st and 22nd of January 2016. The meeting participants included representatives of the Departamento de Zoonosis, Ministerio de Salud (Zoonotic Diseases Department, Ministry of Health), representatives of the Secretarias Regionales del Ministerio de Salud (Regional Department of Health, Ministry of Health), Instituto Nacional de Desarrollo Agropecuario (National Institute for the Development of Agriculture and Livestock, INDAP), Instituto de Salud Pública (National Institute for Public Health, ISP) and the Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero (Animal Health Department, SAG), academics from various universities, veterinarians and physicians. Current and future CE control activities were discussed. It was noted that the EG95 vaccine was being implemented for the first time in pilot control programmes, with the vaccine scheduled during 2016 in two different regions in the South of Chile. In relation to use of the vaccine, the need was highlighted for acquiring good quality data, based on CE findings at slaughterhouse, previous to initiation of vaccination so as to enable correct assessment of the efficacy of the vaccine in the following years. The current world’s-best-practice concerning the use of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool for the screening population in highly endemic remote and poor areas was also discussed