Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Desempenho esempenho de ovinos em confinamento, alimentados com níveis crescentes de levedura e uréia = Performance of feedlot sheep fed with increasing levels of yeast and urea

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da substituição do milho e farelo de soja por levedura de cana-de-açúcar e uréia, sobre o consumo de nutrientes, digestibilidade e desempenho, em ovinos. Foi avaliada a inclusão de 0; 10, 20 e 30% de levedura corrigida com uréia. Foram distribuídos, aleatoriamente, 32 ovinos castrados nos quatro tratamentos, num delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os consumos de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, extrato etéreo, proteína bruta e carboidratos totais não foram influenciados, pela inclusão de levedura na dieta. Os consumos de carboidratos não-fibrosos e NDTdiminuíram, e o de fibra em detergente neutro aumentou linearmente com a inclusão de levedura. A digestibilidade da proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, fibra em detergente neutro e carboidratos totais não foram influenciados, enquanto que a digestibilidade da matéria seca,matéria orgânica e carboidratos não-fibrosos diminuíram linearmente com a inclusão de levedura. Os pesos ao abate, da carcaça fria e quente, ganho de peso, rendimento de carcaça fria e quente e perda ao resfriamento diminuíram linearmente com a inclusão de levedura.O rendimento dos cortes comerciais não foi alterado pela inclusão de levedura. Conclui-se que a substituição do milho e farelo de soja por levedura e uréia, na dieta de ovinos, afetou negativamente o consumo de energia e o desempenho animal.<br><br>This study was conducted to determine the effects of the replacement of cracked corn and soybean meal with sugar cane yeast and urea on nutrient intake, digestibility and performance of sheep. The additions of 0, 10, 20 and 30% of sugar cane yeast enriched withurea were evaluated. Thirty-two castrated male sheep were assigned to the four treatments in a completely randomized design. The results showed that intakes of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract and total carbohydrates were not affected by sugar caneyeast. However, intake of non-fiber carbohydrates and TDN decreased, and neutral detergent fiber intake increased linearly when the level of sugar cane yeast increased. The digestibility of crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber and total carbohydratewere not affected, while the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and non-fiber carbohydrates decreased linearly as a function of sugar cane yeast levels. Slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weight, live weight gain and both hot and cold carcass dressingdecreased linearly as functions of levels of sugar cane yeast. The dressing of commercial cuts, as a function of cold carcass, was not affected by sugar cane yeast. It was concluded that the replacement of cracked corn and soybean meal with sugar cane yeast and urea in thediet of sheep adversely affected energy intake and animal performance

Desempenho de ovinos em confinamento, alimentados com níveis crescentes de levedura e uréia - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v29i4.1007

This study was conducted to determine the effects of the replacement of cracked corn and soybean meal with sugar cane yeast and urea on nutrient intake, digestibility and performance of sheep. The additions of 0, 10, 20 and 30% of sugar cane yeast enriched with urea were evaluated. Thirty-two castrated male sheep were assigned to the four treatments in a completely randomized design. The results showed that intakes of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract and total carbohydrates were not affected by sugar cane yeast. However, intake of non-fiber carbohydrates and TDN decreased, and neutral detergent fiber intake increased linearly when the level of sugar cane yeast increased. The digestibility of crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber and total carbohydrate were not affected, while the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and non-fiber carbohydrates decreased linearly as a function of sugar cane yeast levels. Slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weight, live weight gain and both hot and cold carcass dressing decreased linearly as functions of levels of sugar cane yeast. The dressing of commercial cuts, as a function of cold carcass, was not affected by sugar cane yeast. It was concluded that the replacement of cracked corn and soybean meal with sugar cane yeast and urea in the diet of sheep adversely affected energy intake and animal performance.Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da substituição do milho e farelo de soja por levedura de cana-de-açúcar e uréia, sobre o consumo de nutrientes, digestibilidade e desempenho, em ovinos. Foi avaliada a inclusão de 0; 10, 20 e 30% de levedura corrigida com uréia. Foram distribuídos, aleatoriamente, 32 ovinos castrados nos quatro tratamentos, num delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os consumos de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, extrato etéreo, proteína bruta e carboidratos totais não foram influenciados, pela inclusão de levedura na dieta. Os consumos de carboidratos não-fibrosos e NDT diminuíram, e o de fibra em detergente neutro aumentou linearmente com a inclusão de levedura. A digestibilidade da proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, fibra em detergente neutro e carboidratos totais não foram influenciados, enquanto que a digestibilidade da matéria seca, matéria orgânica e carboidratos não-fibrosos diminuíram linearmente com a inclusão de levedura. Os pesos ao abate, da carcaça fria e quente, ganho de peso, rendimento de carcaça fria e quente e perda ao resfriamento diminuíram linearmente com a inclusão de levedura. O rendimento dos cortes comerciais não foi alterado pela inclusão de levedura. Conclui-se que a substituição do milho e farelo de soja por levedura e uréia, na dieta de ovinos, afetou negativamente o consumo de energia e o desempenho animal

Feno de maniçoba na alimentação de caprinos Moxotó

The use of native forages Caatinga set up as an alternative for the sustainable production systems in Northeast Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the substitution of Tifton 85 hay by Maniçoba hay in the components of the body weight of Moxotó goats. The animals were steers, initially weighing 21.67±3.92 kg, housed in individual pens and slaughtered at 58 days of confinement. The type of hay did not influence (P>0.05) any of the carcass traits. The animals presented for slaughter average body weight of 21.83 kg, and average weights of hot and cold carcass of 9.83 kg and 9.21 kg, respectively. The carcass were not affected by the type of hay (P>0.05) and average 44.98% and 42.11% for hot cold carcass. The loin eye area (LEA) and carcass compactness index had averages of 6.19 cm² and 0.159 kg cm-1, respectively, and did not influence the type of hay in the diet. There was no difference (P> 0.05) between diets for weight of organs and viscera. The diet Tifton 85 yielded higher (P0,05) nenhuma das características de carcaça dos caprinos. Os animais apresentaram peso corporal ao abate médio de 21,83 kg e pesos médios de carcaça quente e fria de 9,83 kg e 9,21 kg, respectivamente. Os rendimentos de carcaça também não foram influenciados pelo tipo de feno (P>0,05) e apresentaram médias de 44,98% para carcaça quente e 42,11% para carcaça fria. A área de olho de lombo (AOL) e o índice de compacidade da carcaça apresentaram médias de 6,19 cm² e 0,159 kg cm-1, respectivamente, e não sofreram influência do tipo de feno na dieta. Não foi observada diferença (P>0,05) entre as dietas para peso de órgãos e vísceras. A dieta Tifton 85 proporcionou maiores (P<0,05) pesos de pele. A substituição do feno de Tifton 85 pelo feno de Maniçoba, na dieta de caprinos Moxotó, não altera nenhum componente da carcaça, contudo em relação aos constituintes não carcaça, reduz o peso da pele.

Primary Health Care Follow-Up Visits: Investigation Of Care Continuity Of Preterm Newborns From A Kangaroo-Mother Care Unit

INTRODUCTION: The kangaroo-mother care method is an approach adopted in Brazil as a public police, which has helped in the reduction of neonatal mortality rate. Premature birth and its vulnerabilities can trigger, especially in mothers, feelings of fear and insecurity related to taking care of newborns. OBJECTIVE: Investigate care continuity of preterm newborns from a kangaroo-mother care method unit in primary health care facilities. METHODS: It was a transversal study performed with 43 mothers of preterm newborns who were hospitalized in the rooming-in care unit of a kangaroo-mother care method unit of a Brazilian public maternity school. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire, which was used to interview mothers between September 2015 and February 2016. RESULTS: It was found a relationship between sociodemographic status and risk of premature birth, and the following variables: age, education, marital status, and family income. Regarding findings from the follow-up home visits in primary health care, most of the participants were still breastfeeding and using the kangaroo position. However, 60.5% of the interviewed mothers reported not receiving home visits from health professionals of primary health care facilities. CONCLUSION: It is essential the support of health professionals and the participation of mothers and families to improve, through health education, quality of life promotion for newborns from kangaroo care approach