Programa Nacional de Direitos Humanos: avaliação do primeiro ano e perspectivas

O artigo apresenta duas teses sobre o Programa Nacional de Direitos Humanos no Brasil. O programa conribuiu para o fortalecimento de uma nova concepção de direitos humanos no Brasil, como um conjunto de direitos civis, políticos, econômicos, sociais e culturais, universais e indissociáves, incorporads não apenas em constituições e leis nacionais mas também em instrumentos internacionais ratificados pelo Congresso Nacional. Ainda que não seja possível medir o grau de aumento do respeito aos direitos humanos, há desde o lançamento do Programa uma diminuição da tolerância com relação à impunidade e às violações de direitos humanos no Brasil. O artigo analisa o processo de implementação do Programa entre maio de 1996 e maio de 1997, focalizando os dilemas e as perspectivas desse processo.This article presents two thesis about the National Acion Program for Human Rights in Brasil. The Program strenghened a new conception of human rights in Brazil, as a set of universal and indissociable civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, which are embodied not only in national constitutions and laws but also in international instruments ratified by the National Congress. It is not possible to measure the increase in the respect for human rights, but there has been a reduction in the degree of tolerance regarding the problems of impunity and human rights violations in Brazil since the announcement of the Program. The article analyses the implementation of the Program from May 1996 to May 1997, focusing on the dilemmas and perspectives of the implementation process

Aplicação dos antidepressivos triciclicos na enxaqueca: uma revisão bibliográfica

INTRODUCTION: Migraine, or migraine, is characterized as an intense, pulsating headache of vasomotor origin (CHARLES, 2018). It is one of the types of primary headache, having multifactorial causes, which can become a chronic condition, which will significantly influence the quality of life of approximately 15% of the world's population (CALUMBY, 2015). OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to analyze research articles and literature reviews focused on the effects of tricyclic antidepressants on migraine. METHODOLOGY: The bibliography that will be used in this scientific production is based on research articles and systematic literature review, which will be searched using electronic databases, namely Lilacs, PubMed, Scielo and Medline. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: it is concluded that tricyclic antidepressants are more effective in preventing migraine than selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, although with greater adverse effects, in addition to increasing their effectiveness over time.INTRODUCCIÓN: La migraña, o migraña, se caracteriza por un intenso dolor de cabeza pulsátil de origen vasomotor (CHARLES, 2018). Es uno de los tipos de cefalea primaria, de causas multifactoriales, que puede convertirse en una condición crónica, que influirá significativamente en la calidad de vida de aproximadamente el 15% de la población mundial (CALUMBY, 2015). OBJETIVO: El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue analizar artículos de investigación y revisiones de literatura enfocados en los efectos de los antidepresivos tricíclicos en la migraña. METODOLOGÍA: La bibliografía que se utilizará en esta producción científica se basa en artículos de investigación y revisión sistemática de la literatura, que se buscará utilizando bases de datos electrónicas, a saber, Lilacs, PubMed, Scielo y Medline. CONSIDERACIONES FINALES: se concluye que los antidepresivos tricíclicos son más efectivos en la prevención de la migraña que los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina, aunque con mayores efectos adversos, además de aumentar su efectividad con el tiempo.INTRODUÇÃO: A enxaqueca, ou migrânea, é caracterizada como uma dor de cabeça intensa, pulsante e de origem vasomotora (CHARLES, 2018). É um dos tipos de cefaleia primária, tendo causas multifatoriais, que pode se tornar uma condição crônica, que vai influenciar significativamente na qualidade de vida de aproximadamente 15% da população mundial (CALUMBY, 2015). OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal analisar artigos de pesquisas e revisões de bibliografias voltados aos efeitos de antidepressivos tricíclicos sobre a enxaqueca. METODOLOGIA: A bibliografia que será utilizada na presente produção científica baseia-se em artigos de pesquisas e de revisão sistemática de literatura, que serão procurados com recurso nas bases de dados eletrônicos, nomeadamente Lilacs, PubMed, Scielo e Medline. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: conclui-se que os antidepressivos tricíclicos são mais eficazes na prevenção da enxaqueca que os inibidores seletivos de reabsorção de serotonina, embora com efeitos adversos maiores, além de aumentar a sua eficácia com o passar do tempo.INTRODUÇÃO: A enxaqueca, ou migrânea, é caracterizada como uma dor de cabeça intensa, pulsante e de origem vasomotora (CHARLES, 2018). É um dos tipos de cefaleia primária, tendo causas multifatoriais, que pode se tornar uma condição crônica, que vai influenciar significativamente na qualidade de vida de aproximadamente 15% da população mundial (CALUMBY, 2015). OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal analisar artigos de pesquisas e revisões de bibliografias voltados aos efeitos de antidepressivos tricíclicos sobre a enxaqueca. METODOLOGIA: A bibliografia que será utilizada na presente produção científica baseia-se em artigos de pesquisas e de revisão sistemática de literatura, que serão procurados com recurso nas bases de dados eletrônicos, nomeadamente Lilacs, PubMed, Scielo e Medline. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: conclui-se que os antidepressivos tricíclicos são mais eficazes na prevenção da enxaqueca que os inibidores seletivos de reabsorção de serotonina, embora com efeitos adversos maiores, além de aumentar a sua eficácia com o passar do tempo

A ten-year retrospective study of the clinical, sociodemographic, and survival characteristics of patients with oral and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas/ Estudo retrospectivo de dez anos das características clínicas, sociodemográficas e de sobrevida de pacientes com carcinomas epidermóides orais e faríngeos

Objective: This study evaluated the epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma, as well compared oral and pharyngeal lesions regarding the survival of these patients. Material and Methods: Convenience sampling was employed to select the participants, who had their medical records of the period 200-2009 investigated. Sociodemographic and clinical-pathological data were collected and correlated with site of the lesion, TMN classification, of the tumor, and survival of the patients. Fisher’s and Chi-square tests, Kaplan-Meir curve associated with the Long Rank Mantel-Cox test, and Cox’s regression for survival analysis were performed to evaluate the results. Results: Sixty-year-old illiterate females presented higher prevalence of oral cancer with a more severe lymphonodular infiltration, worse tumor staging, and chemo and radiotherapy treatment. Meanwhile, sixty-year-old illiterate males presented higher prevalence of pharyngeal cancer, lower rates of lymphonodular infiltration, and chirurgical treatment. The survival of the patients with oral cancer was correlated with the lymphonodular infiltration level, while for patients with pharyngeal cancer the survival was correlated with chirurgical treatment. Thus, head and neck cancer are still diagnosed belatedly, mainly when it affects the pharynx.Conclusion: Therefore, preventive and educative strategies, as well as amplification of access to health care should be considered targets for achieving reduction in the mortality rates of populations with oropharyngeal cancer

Fixation of the short-term central venous catheter. A comparison of two techniques

Purpose: To compare the fixation of the central venous catheter (CVC) using two suture techniques. Methods: A clinical, analytical, interventional, longitudinal, prospective, controlled, single-blind and randomized study in adult, intensive care unit (ICU) patients. After admission and indication of CVC use, the patients were allocated to the Wing group (n = 35, catheter fixation with clamping wings and retainers) or Shoelace group (n = 35, catheter fixation using shoelace cross- tied sutures around the device). Displacement, kinking, fixation failure, hyperemia at the insertion site, purulent secretion, loss of the device, psychomotor agitation, mental confusion, and bacterial growth at the insertion site were evaluated. Results: Compared with the Wing group, the Shoelace group had a lower occurrence of catheter displacement (n = 0 versus n = 4p = 0.04), kinking (n = 0 versus n = 8p = 0.001), and fixation failure (n = 2 versus n = 8p = 0.018). No significant difference was found in bacterial growth (n = 20 versus n = 14p = 0.267) between groups. Conclusion: The Shoelace fixation technique presented fewer adverse events than the Wing fixation technique.Univ Vale Sapucai UNIVAS, Profess Masters Program Appl Hlth Sci, Pouso Alegre, MG, BrazilUniv Vale Sapucai, Profess Masters Program Appl Hlth Sci, Pouso Alegre, MG, BrazilUniv Vale Sapucai, Hosp Clin Samuel Libanio, Dept Cardiac Surg, Pouso Alegre, MG, BrazilUniv Vale Sapucai, Dept Biostat, Pouso Alegre, MG, BrazilUniv Vale Sapucai, Res Lab, Pouso Alegre, MG, BrazilUniv Vale Sapucai, Hosp Clin Samuel Libanio, Pouso Alegre, MG, BrazilUniv Vale Sapucai, Hosp Clin Samuel Libanio, Intens Care Dept, Pouso Alegre, MG, BrazilUniv Vale Sapucai, Pouso Alegre, MG, BrazilUniv Fed São Paulo UNIFESP, Div Plast Surg, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed São Paulo UNIFESP, Div Plast Surg, Dept Surg, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed São Paulo UNIFESP, Div Plast Surg, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed São Paulo UNIFESP, Div Plast Surg, Dept Surg, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

EFEITO DOS NÍVEIS DE SUPLEMENTAÇÃO NO DESEMPENHO DE BOVINOS EM SISTEMA DE SEMI-CONFINAMENTO

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito dos níveis de suplementação sobre o desempenho de bovinos em sistema de terminação no período das águas em pastagem de capim Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça e sua viabilidade econômica. No experimento foram utilizados 68 bovinos não castrados da raça Nelore, sendo conduzido segundo delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com dois níveis de suplementação de concentrado na proporção de 1,2% e 1,8% peso vivo (PV) com base na matéria seca (MS). Os níveis de suplementação não diferiram nos pesos corporais dos animais nas pesagens feitas durante o experimento e final. Os animais suplementados com 1,8% do PV obtiveram maior ganho de peso total, área de olho de lombo final e espessura de gordura subcutâneo final. Os níveis de suplemento não influenciaram significativamente no peso de carcaça quente, conformação da carcaça e rendimento da carcaça. Os animais que receberam o maior nível de suplementação tiveram maior acabamento da carcaça. O maior nível de suplementação gerou maior custo inicial, médio, final e maior custo por ganho de peso dos animais. Assim, a suplementação com 1,2% do PV resulta em menor custo por quilo de carne produzida, sendo o mais indicado para bovinos terminados a pasto.Palavras-chave: análise econômica, confinamento a pasto, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, pastejo, terminação. EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION LEVELS ON BEEF CATTLE PERFORMANCE IN SEMI-CONFINED SYSTEMS ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the supplementation levels on the performance of cattle in the finishing system in the period of waters in pasture of Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa and its economic viability. In the experiment, 68 Nellore bulls were used, and were conducted in a completely randomized design with two levels of concentrate supplementation at the ratio of 1.2% and 1.8% live weight (LW) based on the dry matter (DM). Supplementation levels did not differ in body weights of animals during weighing done during the experiment and final. The animals supplemented with 1.8% of the LW obtained greater total weight gain, final loin eye area and final subcutaneous fat thickness. Supplement levels did not significantly influence hot carcass weight, carcass conformation, and carcass yield. The animals that received the highest level of supplementation had a better finishing of the carcass. The higher level of supplementation generated higher initial, average, final cost and higher cost for weight gain of the animals. Thus, the supplementation with 1.2% of the LW results in a lower cost per kilogram of meat produced, being the most suitable for beef cattle.Keywords: economic analysis, feedlot in pasture, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, grazing, termination

ALDH1A2 (RALDH2) genetic variation in human congenital heart disease

Abstract\ud \ud \ud \ud Background\ud \ud Signaling by the vitamin A-derived morphogen retinoic acid (RA) is required at multiple steps of cardiac development. Since conversion of retinaldehyde to RA by retinaldehyde dehydrogenase type II (ALDH1A2, a.k.a RALDH2) is critical for cardiac development, we screened patients with congenital heart disease (CHDs) for genetic variation at the ALDH1A2 locus.\ud \ud \ud \ud Methods\ud \ud One-hundred and thirty-three CHD patients were screened for genetic variation at the ALDH1A2 locus through bi-directional sequencing. In addition, six SNPs (rs2704188, rs1441815, rs3784259, rs1530293, rs1899430) at the same locus were studied using a TDT-based association approach in 101 CHD trios. Observed mutations were modeled through molecular mechanics (MM) simulations using the AMBER 9 package, Sander and Pmemd programs. Sequence conservation of observed mutations was evaluated through phylogenetic tree construction from ungapped alignments containing ALDH8 s, ALDH1Ls, ALDH1 s and ALDH2 s. Trees were generated by the Neighbor Joining method. Variations potentially affecting splicing mechanisms were cloned and functional assays were designed to test splicing alterations using the pSPL3 splicing assay.\ud \ud \ud \ud Results\ud \ud We describe in Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) the mutations Ala151Ser and Ile157Thr that change non-polar to polar residues at exon 4. Exon 4 encodes part of the highly-conserved tetramerization domain, a structural motif required for ALDH oligomerization. Molecular mechanics simulation studies of the two mutations indicate that they hinder tetramerization. We determined that the SNP rs16939660, previously associated with spina bifida and observed in patients with TOF, does not affect splicing. Moreover, association studies performed with classical models and with the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) design using single marker genotype, or haplotype information do not show differences between cases and controls.\ud \ud \ud \ud Conclusion\ud \ud In summary, our screen indicates that ALDH1A2 genetic variation is present in TOF patients, suggesting a possible causal role for this gene in rare cases of human CHD, but does not support the hypothesis that variation at the ALDH1A2 locus is a significant modifier of the risk for CHD in humans.Work supported by grants from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) 01/000090; 00/030722; 01/142381; 02/113402; 03/099982; 04/116068; 04/157044 and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico 481872/20078. We would like to thank the careful work and thoughtful suggestions of the two reviewers responsible for the reviewing editorial process.Work supported by grants from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) 01/00009-0; 00/03072-2; 01/14238-1; 02/11340-2; 03/09998-2; 04/11606-8; 04/15704-4 and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico 481872/2007-8. We would like to thank the careful work and thoughtful suggestions of the two reviewers responsible for the reviewing editorial process

CÂNCER DE PELE: INCIDÊNCIAS, DIAGNÓSTICO E CIRURGIA DE MOHS

Skin cancer poses a global concern due to its significant prevalence. With subtypes such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma, its incidence is linked to chronic sun exposure, especially in regions with high levels of ultraviolet radiation. Early detection is critical for effective intervention. Mohs surgery stands out as a highly precise approach. This micrographic technique enables the gradual removal of lesions, allowing meticulous preservation of the healthy tissue surrounding them. However, in Brazil, although recognized as an effective technique, the availability of Mohs surgery may face access challenges, limiting its application to a portion of the population.O câncer de pele é uma preocupação global devido à sua prevalência significativa. Com        subtipos como carcinoma basocelular, espinocelular e melanoma, sua incidência está         associada à exposição solar crônica, especialmente em regiões com altos níveis de radiação      ultravioleta. Essa condição exige detecção precoce para intervenção eficaz. A cirurgia de             Mohs destaca-se como uma abordagem altamente precisa. Essa técnica micrográfica               possibilita a remoção gradual de lesões, permitindo a preservação cuidadosa do tecido       saudável ao redor. No entanto, no Brasil, apesar de reconhecida como uma técnica eficaz, a               disponibilidade da cirurgia de Mohs pode enfrentar desafios de acesso, limitando sua         aplicação a uma parcela da população