Incremento volumétrico de Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez em Floresta Ombrófila Mista

In this work, it is studied the growth of Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez species through a sampler compounded by eleven dominant trees selected from a rainforest in Nova Prata, Rio Grande do Sul. The mathematical model which better represents the growth trend in percentage volume was described as iv%=(b0+b1.ln d)2, fitting individually per tree, being possible to describe the variations of slope (b1) and intercept (b0) coefficients between trees with the relation height – diameter (h/d), diameter increment measured on the last 5 cm on bore increment (id5) sampled on diameter breast height (d), exposition (EXPOS), corrected Basal Area Large (BALcor) and crown length exposed to sunlight (Lc), considering the following expressions: b1= 0,41739 + 4,16179.id5 - 6,29332.h/d + 0,37823.EXPOS - 0,11519Ir + 5,80419.BALcor – 0,06858.Lc, with determination coefficient equal to 0,9979 and standard error in percentage of the mean of –1,73%, and b0= 2,62466 –13,37024.id5 + 22,08329.h/d – 1,33161.EXPOS + 0,34689.Ir –23,88899.BALcor + 0,25692.L, with determination coefficient fitting on 0,9907 and standard error in percentage of the mean of 2,71%.O crescimento de árvores dominantes de Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez, amostradas em Floresta Ombrófila Mista, no município de Nova Prata,  RS foi reconstruído com base em dados obtidos com a técnica da dendrocronologia. O crescimento volumétrico expresso pelo incremento percentual foi modelado para cada árvore por iv% = (b+ b1.ln d)2, e a seguir comparadas por análise de covariância, permitindo classifica-las em 3 grupos distintos quanto a inclinação do modelo (b1) e intercepto (b) das linhas de regressão. Os coeficientes de inclinação e intercepto foram modelados como função da variável altura - diâmetro (h/d), incremento diamétrico medido sobre rolo de incremento nos últimos 5cm (id5) amostrado ao nível do diâmetro a altura  do peito(d), exposição do terreno (EXPOS), índice de competição BAL corrigido (BALcor), e comprimento da copa exposta a luz (Lc), pelas equações b1 = 0,41739+4,16179.id5-6,29332.h/d +0,37823.EXPOS-0,11519Ir+5,80419.BALcor-0,06858.Lc, com coeficiente de determinação ajustado igual a 0,9979 e erro padrão em percentagem da média de - 1,73%, e b= 2,62466-13,37024.id5+22,08329.h/d- 1,33161.EXPOS+0,34689.Ir-23,88899.BALcor+0,25692.Lc, com coeficiente de determinação ajustado de 0,9907 e erro-padrão em percentagem da média igual a 2,71%

Análise da mortalidade de Acacia mearnsii De Wild.

The mortality probability of the Acacia mearnsii De Wild. stands was studied in permanent sample stratified at different spacings and site. The results allowed to conclude that the mortality can estimated with a probabilistic function in relation with the inverse of the diameter at breast height (d) and age (t): PM = {1+ EXP (-9,5593 . d-1 + 104,9543 . t-1)}–1. By the Pearson correlation of the mortality rate it was verified a high association with age, average diameter, average height, dominant height, basal area, volume and vital spacing. It was verified that the mortality is directly related to age, site quality and vital spacing in some periods of growth of the trees in the stand.A mortalidade de povoamentos de Acacia mearnsii De Wild. foi estudada tomando por base parcelas permanentes estratificadas em diferentes espaçamentos e sítios. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a probabilidade de mortalidade (PM) pode ser estimada por meio de uma função probabilística em relação ao inverso do diâmetro à altura do peito (d) e da idade (t): PM = {1+ EXP(-9,5593 . d-1 + 104,9543 . t-1)}-1. Mediante a correlação de Pearson, verificou-se uma alta associação entre a taxa de mortalidade com a idade, diâmetro médio, altura média, altura dominante, área basal, volume e espaço vital. Constatou-se que a mortalidade está diretamente relacionada com a idade, qualidade do sítio e espaço vital em determinada fase de crescimento das árvores no povoamento

Volume increment of Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez on a mixed rain forest

O crescimento de \ue1rvores dominantes de Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez, amostradas em Floresta Ombr\uf3fila Mista, no munic\uedpio de Nova Prata, RS foi reconstru\ueddo com base em dados obtidos com a t\ue9cnica da dendrocronologia. O crescimento volum\ue9trico expresso pelo incremento percentual foi modelado para cada \ue1rvore por iv% = (b + b1.ln d)2, e a seguir comparadas por an\ue1lise de covari\ue2ncia, permitindo classifica-las em 3 grupos distintos quanto a inclina\ue7\ue3o do modelo (b1) e intercepto (b) das linhas de regress\ue3o. Os coeficientes de inclina\ue7\ue3o e intercepto foram modelados como fun\ue7\ue3o da vari\ue1vel altura - di\ue2metro (h/d), incremento diam\ue9trico medido sobre rolo de incremento nos \ufaltimos 5cm (id5) amostrado ao n\uedvel do di\ue2metro a altura do peito(d), exposi\ue7\ue3o do terreno (EXPOS), \uedndice de competi\ue7\ue3o BAL corrigido (BALcor), e comprimento da copa exposta a luz (Lc), pelas equa\ue7\uf5es b1 = 0,41739 + 4,16179.id5 -6,29332.h/d + 0,37823.EXPOS - 0,11519Ir + 5,80419.BALcor - 0,06858.Lc, com coeficiente de determina\ue7\ue3o ajustado igual a 0,9979 e erro padr\ue3o em percentagem da m\ue9dia de - 1,73%, e b = 2,62466 - 13,37024.id5 + 22,08329.h/d - 1,33161.EXPOS + 0,34689.Ir -23,88899.BALcor + 0,25692.Lc, com coeficiente de determina\ue7\ue3o ajustado de 0,9907 e erro-padr\ue3o em percentagem da m\ue9dia igual a 2,71%.In this work, it is studied the growth of Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez species through a sampler compounded by eleven dominant trees selected from a rainforest in Nova Prata, Rio Grande do Sul. The mathematical model which better represents the growth trend in percentage volume was described as iv%=(b0+b1.ln d)2, fitting individually per tree, being possible to describe the variations of slope (b1) and intercept (b0) coefficients between trees with the relation height - diameter (h/d), diameter increment measured on the last 5 cm on bore increment (id5) sampled on diameter breast height (d), exposition (EXPOS), corrected Basal Area Large (BALcor) and crown length exposed to sunlight (Lc), considering the following expressions: b1= 0,41739 + 4,16179.id5 - 6,29332.h/d + 0,37823.EXPOS -0,11519Ir + 5,80419.BALcor - 0,06858.Lc, with determination coefficient equal to 0,9979 and standard error in percentage of the mean of -1,73%, and b0= 2,62466 -13,37024.id5 + 22,08329.h/d - 1,33161.EXPOS + 0,34689.Ir -23,88899.BALcor + 0,25692.L, with determination coefficient fitting on 0,9907 and standard error in percentage of the mean of 2,71%

Catálise assimétrica no Brasil: desenvolvimento e potencialidades para o avanço da indústria química brasileira

The preparation of enantiomerically pure or enriched substances is of fundamental importance to pharmaceutical, food, agrochemical, and cosmetics industries and involves a growing market of hundreds of billions of dollars. However, most chemical processes used for their production are not environmentally friendly because in most cases, stoichiometric amounts of chiral inductors are used and substantial waste is produced. In this context, asymmetric catalysis has emerged as an efficient tool for the synthesis of enantiomerically enriched compounds using chiral catalysts. More specifically, considering the current scenario in the Brazilian chemical industry, especially that of pharmaceuticals, the immediate prospect for the use of synthetic routes developed in Brazil in an enantioselective fashion or even the discovery of new drugs is practically null. Currently, the industrial production of drugs in Brazil is primarily focused on the production of generic drugs and is basically supported by imports of intermediates from China and India. In order to change this panorama and move forward toward the gradual incorporation of genuinely Brazilian synthetic routes, strong incentive policies, especially those related to continuous funding, will be needed. These incentives could be a breakthrough once we establish several research groups working in the area of organic synthesis and on the development and application of chiral organocatalysts and ligands in asymmetric catalysis, thus contributing to boost the development of the Brazilian chemical industry. Considering these circumstances, Brazil can benefit from this opportunity because we have a wide biodiversity and a large pool of natural resources that can be used as starting materials for the production of new chiral catalysts and are creating competence in asymmetric catalysis and related areas. This may decisively contribute to the growth of chemistry in our country

ANALYSIS OF THE MORTALITY OF THE Acacia mearnsii De Wild.

A mortalidade de povoamentos de Acacia mearnsii De Wild. foi estudada tomando por base parcelas permanentes estratificadas em diferentes espa\ue7amentos e s\uedtios. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a probabilidade de mortalidade (PM) pode ser estimada por meio de uma fun\ue7\ue3o probabil\uedstica em rela\ue7\ue3o ao inverso do di\ue2metro \ue0 altura do peito (d) e da idade (t): PM = {1+ EXP (-9,5593 . d-1 + 104,9543 . t-1)}\u20131. Mediante a correla\ue7\ue3o de Pearson, verificou-se uma alta associa\ue7\ue3o entre a taxa de mortalidade com a idade, di\ue2metro m\ue9dio, altura m\ue9dia, altura dominante, \ue1rea basal, volume e espa\ue7o vital. Constatou-se que a mortalidade est\ue1 diretamente relacionada com a idade, qualidade do s\uedtio e espa\ue7o vital em determinada fase de crescimento das \ue1rvores no povoamento.The mortality probability of the Acacia mearnsii De Wild. stands was studied in permanent sample stratified at different spacings and site. The results allowed to conclude that the mortality can estimated with a probabilistic function in relation with the inverse of the diameter at breast height (d) and age (t): PM = {1+ EXP (-9,5593 . d-1 + 104,9543 . t-1)}\u20131. By the Pearson correlation of the mortality rate it was verified a high association with age, average diameter, average height, dominant height, basal area, volume and vital spacing. It was verified that the mortality is directly related to age, site quality and vital spacing in some periods of growth of the trees in the stand

Molecular Identification and Traceability of Illegal Trading in Lignobrycon myersi

Lignobrycon myersi is a threatened freshwater fish species and endemic of a few coastal rivers in northeastern Brazil. Even though the Brazilian laws prohibit the fisheries of threatened species, L. myersi is occasionally found in street markets, being highly appreciated by local population. In order to provide a reliable DNA barcode dataset for L. myersi, we compared mitochondrial sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) from fresh, frozen, and salt-preserved specimens. Phylogenetically related species (Triportheus spp.) and other fish species (Astyanax fasciatus) commonly mixed with L. myersi in street markets were also included to test the efficiency of molecular identification. In spite of the differences in conservation processes and advanced deterioration of some commercial samples, high-quality COI sequences were obtained and effective in discriminating L. myersi specimens. In addition, while populations from Contas and Almada River basins seem to comprise a single evolutionary lineage, the specimens from Cachoeira River were genetically differentiated, indicating population structuring. Therefore, DNA barcoding has proved to be useful to trace the illegal trading of L. myersi and to manage threatened populations, which should focus on conservation of distinct genetic stocks and mitigation on human impacts along their range

Predictors of noncompliance to pulmonary tuberculosis treatment : an insight from South America

To investigate the factors associated with a higher risk of noncompliance to tuberculosis (TB) treatment in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Methods We identified 478 adult patients for this case-control study undergoing treatment for confirmed pulmonary TB. Cases (noncompliance) were defined as patients who stopped treatment for more than 30 consecutive days (n = 118). Controls were defined as all patients who completed treatment and were cured (n = 360). Factors associated with noncompliance were calculated with unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (OR). Results The rate of noncompliance in our study was 25%. The factors of noncompliance after adjustments in the overall population were, in order of magnitude, living in an area of lower income (OR = 4.35, 95%CI: 2.50±7.58), abuse of drugs (OR = 2.73, 95%CI: 1.47±5.09), nonadherence to a previous treatment regimen (OR = 2.1, 95%CI: 1.28±3.45), and history of smoking (OR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.00±3.00). Age, race, gender, level of education, HIV infection or diabetes status were not associated with a higher risk of noncompliance. In the subgroup of retreatment cases, poverty (OR = 2.65; 95%CI = 1.06±6.66), smoking history (OR = 2.94; 95%CI = 1.09±7.92), male gender (OR = 3.25; 95%CI = 1.32±8.0), and younger age (OR = 4.3; 95%CI = 1.15±16.07) were also associated with a higher risk of dropout. Conclusion Predictors of poor compliance to TB treatment were low income, abuse of drugs, re-treatment cases and history of smoking

Difalia em um bovino

Difalo, penis duplo ou bifido e uma anomalia congenita rara que ocorre em animais e no homem, com escassos relatos na literatura. Este relato apresenta um caso de difalia em um bovino macho adulto castrado. A peca do sistema reprodutor de um bovino foi encaminhada por um frigorifico local para realizacao de exame histologico. O material foi analisado, fixado em formol 10%, processado de forma rotineira para histologia e corado pela hematoxilina-eosina. Macroscopicamente, a peca apresentava duas glandes penianas, uma composta pelo corpo cavernoso, corpo esponjoso, uretra e prepucio do penis, sugerindo que esta fosse a parte normal. Adjacente a essa, havia uma formacao tecidual identica a glande peniana, que, ao corte, no entanto, nao se observavam uretra, corpos cavernoso e esponjoso. Ao exame microscopico das duas glandes, confirmou-se sua estrutura histologica, uma composta por corpo cavernoso, corpo esponjoso e uretra e a outra somente de tecido conjuntivo fibroso revestido por epitelio. O diagnostico foi baseado nas alteracoes macroscopicas e constituicao histologica caracteristica. Esta anomalia pode prejudicar a miccao assim como o desempenho reprodutivo do animal