Lectinhistoquímica del granuloma inducido por el bacilo de Calmette Guérin en Piaractus mesopotamicus

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate, by means of lectinhistochemistry (LHC), the expression of carbohydrates in granulomas induced by the bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in muscle tissue of Piaractus mesopotamicus after 33 days. Material and methods: Histological sections with 3 µm thick were incubated with the following lectins: WGA (Wheat germ agglutinin), DBA (Dolichos biflorus agglutinin) and HPA (Helix pomatia agglutinin), and the results were evaluated by light microscopy. Results: Acid fast bacilli were stained by Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) and strong labeled by WGA in the cytoplasm of macrophages. Labeling with DBA was intense in fibroblasts and weak in macrophages. On the other hand, HPA binding was stronger in macrophages, especially in those that were in close contact with epithelioid cells, without evidence of binding to fibroblasts. The epithelioid cells were not labeled by the used lectins, but they were identified by Hematoxilin-Eosin (HE). The lectins labeled specific type saccharides in glycoproteins, as N-acetylglucosamine present in bacilli and macrophages, as well as N-acetyl-galactosamine in macrophages. The control group showed no inflammation or lectin binding. Conclusions. This technique may be useful in identifying receptors for WGA, DBA and the HPA lectins in epithelioid granuloma induced by BCG in P. mesopotamicus.Objetivo: El presente estudio fue realizado para evaluar por medio de lectinhistoquímica (LHC), la expresión de carbohidratos en granulomas inducidos por el bacilo de Calmette-Guérin (BCG) en músculo de Piaractus mesopotamicus después de 33 días. Materiales y métodos: Cortes histológicos de 3 µm de grosor fueron incubados con las siguientes lectinas: WGA (Wheat germ aglutinin), DBA (Dolichos biflorus agglutin) y HPA (Helix pomatia agglutinin), y los resultados evaluados por medio de microscopia de luz. Resultados: Bacilos ácido resistentes fueron identificados por la tinción de Ziehl Neelsen(ZN). Se observó un marcaje intenso con WGA en el citoplasma de macrófagos. El marcaje con DBA fue intenso en fibroblastos y débil en macrófagos. Con la lectina HPA el marcaje fue intenso en macrófagos, principalmente en los que estaban en estrecho contacto con las células epitelióides, externamente se observó marcaje débil en fibroblastos. Las células epitelióides no fueron marcadas por las lectinas, pero fueron identificadas con la tinción de Hematoxilina-Eosina (HE). Las lectinas tuvieron un tipo de marcaje específico en algunos monosacáridos, como N-acetilglucosamina presente en los bacilos y en macrófagos, y N-acetilgalactosamina en macrófagos. En el grupo control no fue observada inflamación así como tampoco marcaje con las lectinas. Conclusiones. Esta técnica resultó eficiente en la identificación de receptores para las lectinas WGA, DBA y HPA en el granuloma epitelióide inducido por BCG en P. mesopotamicus.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Lectinhistoquímica del granuloma inducido por el bacilo de Calmette Guérin en Piaractus mesopotamicus

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate, by means of lectinhistochemistry (LHC), the expression of carbohydrates in granulomas induced by the bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in muscle tissue of Piaractus mesopotamicus after 33 days. Material and methods: Histological sections with 3 µm thick were incubated with the following lectins: WGA (Wheat germ agglutinin), DBA (Dolichos biflorus agglutinin) and HPA (Helix pomatia agglutinin), and the results were evaluated by light microscopy. Results: Acid fast bacilli were stained by Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) and strong labeled by WGA in the cytoplasm of macrophages. Labeling with DBA was intense in fibroblasts and weak in macrophages. On the other hand, HPA binding was stronger in macrophages, especially in those that were in close contact with epithelioid cells, without evidence of binding to fibroblasts. The epithelioid cells were not labeled by the used lectins, but they were identified by Hematoxilin-Eosin (HE). The lectins labeled specific type saccharides in glycoproteins, as N-acetylglucosamine present in bacilli and macrophages, as well as N-acetyl-galactosamine in macrophages. The control group showed no inflammation or lectin binding. Conclusions. This technique may be useful in identifying receptors for WGA, DBA and the HPA lectins in epithelioid granuloma induced by BCG in P. mesopotamicus.Objetivo: El presente estudio fue realizado para evaluar por medio de lectinhistoquímica (LHC), la expresión de carbohidratos en granulomas inducidos por el bacilo de Calmette-Guérin (BCG) en músculo de Piaractus mesopotamicus después de 33 días. Materiales y métodos: Cortes histológicos de 3 µm de grosor fueron incubados con las siguientes lectinas: WGA (Wheat germ aglutinin), DBA (Dolichos biflorus agglutin) y HPA (Helix pomatia agglutinin), y los resultados evaluados por medio de microscopia de luz. Resultados: Bacilos ácido resistentes fueron identificados por la tinción de Ziehl Neelsen(ZN). Se observó un marcaje intenso con WGA en el citoplasma de macrófagos. El marcaje con DBA fue intenso en fibroblastos y débil en macrófagos. Con la lectina HPA el marcaje fue intenso en macrófagos, principalmente en los que estaban en estrecho contacto con las células epitelióides, externamente se observó marcaje débil en fibroblastos. Las células epitelióides no fueron marcadas por las lectinas, pero fueron identificadas con la tinción de Hematoxilina-Eosina (HE). Las lectinas tuvieron un tipo de marcaje específico en algunos monosacáridos, como N-acetilglucosamina presente en los bacilos y en macrófagos, y N-acetilgalactosamina en macrófagos. En el grupo control no fue observada inflamación así como tampoco marcaje con las lectinas. Conclusiones. Esta técnica resultó eficiente en la identificación de receptores para las lectinas WGA, DBA y HPA en el granuloma epitelióide inducido por BCG en P. mesopotamicus.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Acute Toxicity and Determination of the Active Constituents of Aqueous Extract of Uncaria tomentosa

Uncaria tomentosa is a medicinal plant used in folk medicine by Amazon tribes. In this study the constituents of aqueous extract of U. tomentosa bark were quantified by chromatographic technique and its lethal concentration 50 (48 h) in Hyphessobrycon eques was determined. The chromatography showed high levels of oxindole alkaloids, quinovic acid glycosides, and low molecular weight polyphenols. The CL50 48 h was 1816 mg/L. Fish showed behavior changes at concentrations above 2000 mg/L, accompanied by a significant decrease of dissolved oxygen. At the highest concentration 100% mortality was observed attributed to oxygen reduction by the amount of oxindole alkaloids, polyphenols accumulation of the extract in the gills, and the interaction of these compounds with dopamine. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of U. tomentosa did not alter the chemical components and it was shown that U. tomentosa has low toxicity to H. eques; therefore, it can be used safely in this species

STABILITY OF HEMATOLOGICAL VARIABLES IN Colossoma macropomum BLOOD STORED WITH DIFFERENT ANTICOAGULANTS

Hemograma é uma ferramenta de diagnóstico imprescindível na medicina humana e veterinárias. O recomendável é que as análises hematológicas ocorram pouco tempo após coleta do sangue. No entanto, há situações nas quais as amostras são coletadas em locais distantes dos laboratórios, fazendo-se necessário o armazenamento. Assim, o presente trabalho avaliou a viabilidade das amostras de sangue coletado com ácido etilenodiamino tetra-acético tripotássico – EDTA k3 10% (1.3mg mL-1/EDTAa), EDTA k3 10% (2.0 mg mL-1/EDTAb), heparina de sódio (15 UI/ml) e citrato trissódico (3%) em tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, comparando os valores do hematócrito e hemoglobina armazenada em temperatura de refrigeração (4ºC). As amostras de sangue foram obtidas através da venopunção caudal e determinado o hematócrito (Ht) e a hemoglobina (Hb), durante 8 dias consecutivos com as análises realizadas em intervalo de 24 horas. Os resultados foram analisados através teste Tukey (5%). Não houve diferença estatística (p>0.05) entre os tempos nos parâmetros hematológicos. Entretanto, observou-se hemólise crescente ao longo do tempo em todas as amostras conservadas com citrato, iniciando horas pós coleta (HPC); no grupo EDTAa verificou-se hemólise em 100% das amostras em 192 HPC. Nas amostras com heparina verificou-se coágulo em 25%, 75%, 87,5% e 100% nos tempos de 2, 3, 4 e 6 dias de armazenagem respectivamente. Conclui-se que o anticoagulante citrato trissódico (3%) e heparina de sódio (15 UI/ml) não são recomendáveis para análises hematológicas em C. macropomum. O EDTA K3 10% na quantidade de 2.0 mg mL-1 foi a melhor opção testada nesse estudo, por apresentar estabilidade das amostras sob refrigeração, evitando hemólise e coagulação.                               PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Hematócrito, Tambaqui, Hemoglobin, Coagulação, Hemólise.El recuento sanguíneo es una herramienta de diagnóstico esencial para la medicina humana y veterinaria. Lo más recomendado es que los análisis hematológicos se realicen poco después de la extracción de sangre. Sin embargo, hay situaciones en las que las muestras se recolectan en lugares alejados de los laboratorios, lo que hace necesario el almacenamiento. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio evaluó la viabilidad de las muestras de sangre recolectadas con ácido tripotásico de etilendiamina tetraacético - EDTA k3 10% (1.3mg mL-1 / EDTAa), EDTA k3 10% (2.0 mg mL-1 / EDTAb), heparina sodio (15 UI / ml) y citrato trisódico (3%) de tambaquis, Colossoma macropomum, comparando los valores de hematocrito y hemoglobina almacenados a temperatura refrigerada (4ºC). Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre mediante venopunción caudal y se determinaron hematocrito (Ht) y hemoglobina (Hb) durante 8 días consecutivos con análisis realizados a intervalos de 24 horas. Los resultados se analizaron utilizando la prueba de Tukey (5%). No hubo diferencia estadística (p> 0.05) entre los tiempos en los parámetros hematológicos. Sin embargo, se observó un aumento de la hemólisis con el tiempo en todas las muestras conservadas con citrato, horas de inicio después de la recolección (HPC); En el grupo EDTAa, se encontró hemólisis en el 100% de las muestras a 192 HPC. En las muestras con heparina hubo un coágulo en 25%, 75%, 87.5% y 100% en los períodos de 2, 3, 4 y 6 días de almacenamiento, respectivamente. Se concluye que el citrato trisódico anticoagulante (3%) y la heparina de sodio (15 UI / ml) no se recomiendan para el análisis hematológico en C. macropomum, ya que EDTA K3 10% en la cantidad de 2.0 mg mL-1, el mejor opción probada en este estudio, por apresentar muestras de estabilidad bajo refrigeración, evitando la hemólisis y la coagulación. PALABRAS CLAVES: Hematocrito, Tambaqui, Hemoglobina, Coagulación, Hemólisis. The blood count is an essential diagnostic tool for human and veterinary medicine. The most recommended is that hematological analyzes should take place shortly after blood collection. However, there are situations in which samples are collected in places far from the laboratories, making storage necessary. Thus, the present work evaluated the viability of blood samples collected with tripotassic ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid - EDTA k3 10% (1.3mg mL-1 / EDTAa), EDTA k3 10% (2.0 mg mL-1 / EDTAb), heparin sodium (15 IU / ml) and trisodium citrate (3%) of tambaquis, Colossoma macropomum, comparing the values of hematocrit and hemoglobin stored at refrigerated temperature (4ºC). Blood samples were obtained through caudal venipuncture and hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) were determined for 8 consecutive days with analyzes performed at 24-hour intervals. The results were analyzed using the Tukey test (5%). There was no statistical difference (p> 0.05) between times in hematological parameters. However, increasing hemolysis was observed over time in all samples preserved with citrate, starting hours post collection (HPC); in the EDTAa group, hemolysis was found in 100% of the samples at 192 HPC. In the samples with heparin there was a clot in 25%, 75%, 87.5% and 100% in the periods of 2, 3, 4 and 6 days of storage respectively. It is concluded that the anticoagulant trisodium citrate (3%) and sodium heparin (15 IU / ml) are not recommended for hematological analysis in C. macropomum, since EDTA K3 10% in the amount of 2.0 mg mL-1, the best option tested in this study, for presenting samples stability under refrigeration, avoiding hemolysis and coagulation.KEYWORDS: Hematocrit, Tambaqui, Hemoglobin, Coagulation, Hemolysis

Lectinhistochemical staining of granuloma induced by bacillus Calmette-Guerin in Piaractus mesopotamicus

ABSTRACT Objetive. This study was conducted to evaluate, by means of lectinhistochemistry (LHC), the expression of carbohydrates in granulomas induced by the bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in muscle tissue of Piaractus mesopotamicus after 33 days. Material and methods. Histological sections with 3 μm thick were incubated with the following lectins :WGA (Wheat germ agglutinin), DBA (Dolichos biflorus agglutinin) and HPA (Helix pomatia agglutinin), and the results were evaluated by light microscopy. Results. Acid fast bacilli were stained by Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) and strong labeled by WGA in the cytoplasm of macrophages. Labeling with DBA was intense in fibroblasts and weak in macrophages. On the other hand, HPA binding was stronger in macrophages, especially in those that were in close contact with epithelioid cells, without evidence of binding to fibroblasts. The epithelioid cells were not labeled by the used lectins, but they were identified by Hematoxilin-Eosin (HE). The lectins labeled specific type saccharides in glycoproteins, as N-acetylglucosamine present in bacilli and macrophages, as well as N-acetyl-galactosamine in macrophages. The control group showed no inflammation or lectin binding. Conclusions. This technique may be useful in identifying receptors for WGA, DBA and the HPA lectins in epithelioid granuloma induced by BCG in P. mesopotamicu

Influence of glyceryl guaiacolate ether on anesthetics in tilapia compared to benzocaine and eugenol

ABSTRACT Objective. The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of glyceryl guaiacolate ether (GGE) and compare the times of induction, recovery, hematological changes, total protein and glycaemia among anesthetics in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Materials and methods. A total of 60 tilapia distributed in 3 aquariums (N=20) were used, which formed the group benzocaine (100 mg/L), eugenol (50 mg/L) and guaiacol glyceryl ether (9.000 mg/L). After the induction of anesthesia fish blood samples were collected to determine the complete hemogram and glycemia. Then the animals were placed in aquariums with running water for assessing the anesthesia recovery. Results. It was verified that GGE showed longer induction and recovery times as well a significant increase (p0.05). An increase in the number of monocytes in the group treated with benzocaine (p <0.05) was observed in the analysis of the hematological parameters with no difference between groups for other variables. Conclusions. Eugenol and benzocaine allow rapid induction and recovery in Nile tilapia, without evidence of stress during handling and GGE showed high induction and recovery times, being inadequate for anesthetic use in Nile tilapia

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Lectinhistochemical staining of granuloma induced by bacillus Calmette-Guerin in Piaractus mesopotamicus

Objetivo. El presente estudio fue realizado para evaluar por medio de lectinhistoquimica (LHC), la expresion de carbohidratos en granulomas inducidos por el bacilo de Calmette-Guerin (BCG) en musculo de Piaractus mesopotamicus despues de 33 dias. Materiales y metodos. Cortes histologicos de 3 �Êm de grosor fueron incubados con las siguientes lectinas: WGA (Wheat germ aglutinin), DBA (Dolichos biflorus agglutin) y HPA (Helix pomatia agglutinin), y los resultados evaluados por medio de microscopia de luz. Resultados. Bacilos ácido resistentes fueron identificados por la tinción de Ziehl Neelsen(ZN). Se observó un marcaje intenso con WGA en el citoplasma de macrófagos. El marcaje con DBA fue intenso en fibroblastos y débil en macrófagos. Con la lectina HPA el marcaje fue intenso en macrófagos, principalmente en los que estaban en estrecho contacto con las células epitelióides, externamente se observó marcaje débil en fibroblastos. Las células epitelióides no fueron marcadas por las lectinas, pero fueron identificadas con la tinción de Hematoxilina-Eosina (HE). Las lectinas tuvieron un tipo de marcaje específico en algunos monosacáridos, como N-acetilglucosamina presente en los bacilos y en macrófagos, y N-acetilgalactosamina en macrófagos. En el grupo control no fue observada inflamación así como tampoco marcaje con las lectinas. Conclusiones. Esta técnica resultó eficiente en la identificación de receptores para las lectinas WGA, DBA y HPA en el granuloma epitelióide inducido por BCG en P. mesopotamicus.Objetive. This study was conducted to evaluate, by means of lectinhistochemistry (LHC), the expression of carbohydrates in granulomas induced by the bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in muscle tissue of Piaractus mesopotamicus after 33 days. Material and methods. Histological sections with 3 ìm thick were incubated with the following lectins :WGA (Wheat germ agglutinin), DBA (Dolichos biflorus agglutinin) and HPA (Helix pomatia agglutinin), and the results were evaluated by light microscopy. Results. Acid fast bacilli were stained by Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) and strong labeled by WGA in the cytoplasm of macrophages. Labeling with DBA was intense in fibroblasts and weak in macrophages. On the other hand, HPA binding was stronger in macrophages, especially in those that were in close contact with epithelioid cells, without evidence of binding to fibroblasts. The epithelioid cells were not labeled by the used lectins, but they were identified by Hematoxilin-Eosin (HE). The lectins labeled specific type saccharides in glycoproteins, as N-acetylglucosamine present in bacilli and macrophages, as well as N-acetyl-galactosamine in macrophages. The control group showed no inflammation or lectin binding. Conclusions. This technique may be useful in identifying receptors for WGA, DBA and the HPA lectins in epithelioid granuloma induced by BCG in P. mesopotamicus

Influence of glyceryl guaiacolate ether on anesthetics in tilapia compared to benzocaine and eugenol

Objective. The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of glyceryl guaiacolate ether (GGE) and compare the times of induction, recovery, hematological changes, total protein and glycaemia among anesthetics in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Materials and methods. A total of 60 tilapia distributed in 3 aquariums (N=20) were used, which formed the group benzocaine (100 mg/L), eugenol (50 mg/L) and guaiacol glyceryl ether (9.000 mg/L). After the induction of anesthesia fish blood samples were collected to determine the complete hemogram and glycemia. Then the animals were placed in aquariums with running water for assessing the anesthesia recovery. Results. It was verified that GGE showed longer induction and recovery times as well a significant increase (p0.05). An increase in the number of monocytes in the group treated with benzocaine (p <0.05) was observed in the analysis of the hematological parameters with no difference between groups for other variables. Conclusions. Eugenol and benzocaine allow rapid induction and recovery in Nile tilapia, without evidence of stress during handling and GGE showed high induction and recovery times, being inadequate for anesthetic use in Nile tilapia

Lectinhistoquímica del granuloma inducido por el bacilo de Calmette Guérin en Piaractus mesopotamicus

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate, by means of lectinhistochemistry (LHC), the expression of carbohydrates in granulomas induced by the bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in muscle tissue of Piaractus mesopotamicus after 33 days. Material and methods: Histological sections with 3 µm thick were incubated with the following lectins: WGA (Wheat germ agglutinin), DBA (Dolichos biflorus agglutinin) and HPA (Helix pomatia agglutinin), and the results were evaluated by light microscopy. Results: Acid fast bacilli were stained by Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) and strong labeled by WGA in the cytoplasm of macrophages. Labeling with DBA was intense in fibroblasts and weak in macrophages. On the other hand, HPA binding was stronger in macrophages, especially in those that were in close contact with epithelioid cells, without evidence of binding to fibroblasts. The epithelioid cells were not labeled by the used lectins, but they were identified by Hematoxilin-Eosin (HE). The lectins labeled specific type saccharides in glycoproteins, as N-acetylglucosamine present in bacilli and macrophages, as well as N-acetyl-galactosamine in macrophages. The control group showed no inflammation or lectin binding. Conclusions. This technique may be useful in identifying receptors for WGA, DBA and the HPA lectins in epithelioid granuloma induced by BCG in P. mesopotamicus.Objetivo: El presente estudio fue realizado para evaluar por medio de lectinhistoquímica (LHC), la expresión de carbohidratos en granulomas inducidos por el bacilo de Calmette-Guérin (BCG) en músculo de Piaractus mesopotamicus después de 33 días. Materiales y métodos: Cortes histológicos de 3 µm de grosor fueron incubados con las siguientes lectinas: WGA (Wheat germ aglutinin), DBA (Dolichos biflorus agglutin) y HPA (Helix pomatia agglutinin), y los resultados evaluados por medio de microscopia de luz. Resultados: Bacilos ácido resistentes fueron identificados por la tinción de Ziehl Neelsen(ZN). Se observó un marcaje intenso con WGA en el citoplasma de macrófagos. El marcaje con DBA fue intenso en fibroblastos y débil en macrófagos. Con la lectina HPA el marcaje fue intenso en macrófagos, principalmente en los que estaban en estrecho contacto con las células epitelióides, externamente se observó marcaje débil en fibroblastos. Las células epitelióides no fueron marcadas por las lectinas, pero fueron identificadas con la tinción de Hematoxilina-Eosina (HE). Las lectinas tuvieron un tipo de marcaje específico en algunos monosacáridos, como N-acetilglucosamina presente en los bacilos y en macrófagos, y N-acetilgalactosamina en macrófagos. En el grupo control no fue observada inflamación así como tampoco marcaje con las lectinas. Conclusiones. Esta técnica resultó eficiente en la identificación de receptores para las lectinas WGA, DBA y HPA en el granuloma epitelióide inducido por BCG en P. mesopotamicus.Fil: Manrique, Wilson G.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Claudiano, Gustavo S.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Figueiredo, Mayra A. P.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Petrillo, Thalita R.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Marcusso, Paulo F.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Gimeno, Eduardo Juan. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Patología General Veterinaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Moraes, Julieta R. E.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Moraes, Flávio R.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasi