95 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Validation of a cardiorespiratory fitness test for men with mental retardation
The purpose of this study was to validate a field
test of cardiorespiratory fitness for men with mental
retardation. The subjects were 19 healthy men with
moderate mental retardation whose mean age was 26 years
with a mean IQ of 48. Each subject underwent a
maximal treadmill test utilizing a walking protocol after
a three phase familiarization process. Each subject also
completed a one-mile walk test twice.
Descriptive statistics were calculated and a
correlation matrix was generated. Moreover, standard
multiple regression analysis was conducted to evaluate
the relationship between peak V0â and the time of the
distance walk, as well as the ability of the distance
walk to predict peak 1102. An alpha level of .05 was used.
The results showed that subjects' mean peak VOâ
value was 40 mlkgâ»Âčminâ»Âč or 2.59 1minâ»Âč which is
considered a below average fitness level compared to nonretarded
men of the same age. However, according to the
Rockport Fitness Walking Test manual, 79% of the subjects
achieved above,average fitness level in the one-mile walk
test compared to non-retarded men.
The correlation coefficients between peak VOâ and
the two one-mile walks varied from .78 to .83. When
weight, height, age, heart rates of one-mile walks, and
their combinations were held constant, the correlations
were strengthened.
Using multiple correlation analysis the best
equation for predicting peak VOâ was: Peak V0â= 101.92
2.356(mile 1 time) 0.42(weight). This model accounted
for 85% of total variance. The standard error of estimate
was 4.06 mlkgâ»Âčminâ»Âč.
The test-retest reliability of the one-mile walk
test was very high (R=.97). This finding suggests that
the Rockport Fitness Walking Test is a reliable field
test for this population. The developed equation can be
used to predict the peak VOâ values. Thus, the one-mile
walk test (RFWT) would appear to be a valid and reliable
measure of cardiorespiratory fitness of men with moderate
mental retardation
The Development and Initial Validation of a Short, Self-Report Measure on Social Inclusion for People with Intellectual Disabilities-A Transnational Study
Sport has been promoted as a means of increasing the social inclusion of persons with intellectual disabilities. Suitable tools for evaluating this claim are not readily available. The aim of this study was to develop a self-report tool for use by people with intellectual disabilities regarding the social inclusion they experience in sport and in the community. A three-phase process was used. In the first phase an item bank of questionnaire items was created and field-tested with 111 participants. Initial factor analysis identified 42 items which were further evaluated in Phase 2 with 941 participants from six European countries. Construct validity was established first through Exploratory and then Confirmatory factor analysis. These analyses identified ten items relating to inclusion in sports and ten to inclusion in local communities. A third phase checked the usability and test-retest reliability of the short form with a further 228 participants. In all, 1280 athletes and non-disabled partners were involved from eight countries. This short social inclusion questionnaire has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure for use transnationally. Further psychometric properties remain to be tested; notably its sensitivity to change resulting from interventions aimed at promoting social inclusion.peerReviewe
Associations of muscular fitness and body composition in children
Purpose: To examine the associations between muscular fitness (MF) and body composition. Method: MF was assessed with three tests of FitnessGram test battery. Total body fat percentage (BF%), abdominal fat percentage (AF%) and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The IOTF body mass index (BMI) cut-offs were used to define healthy weight, overweight, and obesity. Results: MF was inversely associated with BF% and AF%. The children in the moderate and high MF groups had significantly lower BF% and AF% compared with the children in the low MF group within the same BMI category. After adjusting for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), BMI and sex, the differences between the MF groups were significant for BF% but not for AF%. Conclusion: There were significant inverse associations between MF and DXA -measured adiposity. Within the same BMI category, total and abdominal adiposity were lower in children with moderate or high MF than in children with low MF.Peer reviewe
Reliability Assessment of Scores from Video-Recorded TGMD-3 Performances
This study examined the intrarater and interrater reliability of the
Test of Gross Motor Developmentâ3rd Edition (TGMD-3). Participants were
60 Finnish children aged between 3 and 9 years, divided into three
separate samples of 20. Two samples of 20 were used to examine the
intrarater reliability of two different assessors, and the third sample
of 20 was used to establish interrater reliability. Childrenâs TGMD-3
performances were video-recorded and later assessed using an intraclass
correlation coefficient, a kappa statistic, and a percent agreement
calculation. The intrarater reliability of the locomotor subtest, ball
skills subtest, and gross motor total score ranged from 0.69 to 0.77,
and percent agreement ranged from 87 to 91%. The interrater reliability
of the locomotor subtest, ball skills subtest, and gross motor total
score ranged from 0.56 to 0.64. Percent agreement of 83% was observed
for locomotor skills, ball skills, and total skills, respectively. Hop,
horizontal jump, and two-hand strike assessments showed the most
difference between the assessors. These results show acceptable
reliability for the TGMD-3 to analyze childrenâs gross motor skills.</p
Associations of muscular fitness and body composition in children
Purpose: To examine the associations between muscular fitness (MF) and body composition. Method: MF was assessed with three tests of FitnessGram test battery. Total body fat percentage (BF%), abdominal fat percentage (AF%) and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The IOTF body mass index (BMI) cut-offs were used to define healthy weight, overweight, and obesity. Results: MF was inversely associated with BF% and AF%. The children in the moderate and high MF groups had significantly lower BF% and AF% compared with the children in the low MF group within the same BMI category. After adjusting for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), BMI and sex, the differences between the MF groups were significant for BF% but not for AF%. Conclusion: There were significant inverse associations between MF and DXA -measured adiposity. Within the same BMI category, total and abdominal adiposity were lower in children with moderate or high MF than in children with low MF.Peer reviewe
Daily physical activity in Finnish adolescents with long term illnesses or disabilities: psychosocial associations with participation in sports club
Background:
Physical activity (PA) in adolescence with long term illnesses or disabilities (LTID) is a public health concern. One way of increasing PA is through participation in sports clubs. Since sports clubs are organised and regular, there are expected to be differences in motivation for physical activity between adolescents that are members and non-members. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of psychosocial factors on sports club membership and daily PA.
Methods:
Finnish adolescents with self-reported LTID (n=1006) took part in the WHO collaborative Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in 2002 and 2010. Daily self-reported moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was the outcome variable. Psychosocial variables included intention for future PA, self-perceptions, and educational aspirations. Age and sports club membership was included in binary logistic regression analyses Analyses were done separately for boys and girls.
Results:
Adolescents with LTID who were sports club members were two times more likely to be active daily than non-members. However, for girls, there was no significant difference between members and non-members. Moreover, definite intention for future PA, higher self-perceptions, and educational aspirations to other education or training than general upper secondary school were significant predictors.
Conclusions:
Adolescents with LTID need encouragement to be active daily. One possible way to achieve this is through sports club participation. Implementing adaptive motivating techniques in sports clubs is especially important for girls in clubs. More research is needed on the associations of daily MVPA with different educational aspirations for adolescents with LTID
Definitions, measurement and prevalence of sedentary behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities â a systematic review
Supporting positive change in lifestyle behaviours is a priority in tackling the health inequalities experienced by adults with intellectual disabilities. In this systematic review, we examine the evidence on the definition, measurement and epidemiology of sedentary behaviour of adults with intellectual disabilities. A systematic literature search of PUBMED, EMBASE, MEDLINE and Google Scholar was performed to identify studies published from 1990 up to October 2015. Nineteen papers met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. Many researchers do not distinguish between insufficient physical activity and sedentary behaviour. None of the studies reported the reliability and validity of the methods used to measure sedentary behaviour. Sedentary time, assessed objectively, ranged from 522 to 643 min/day: higher than in adults without intellectual disabilities. This first-ever review of sedentary behaviour and intellectual disabilities found that at present the evidence base is weak. Studies calibrating accelerometer data with criterion measures for sedentary behaviour are needed to determine specific cut-off points to measure sedentary behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities. Researchers should also examine the reliability and validity of using proxy-report questionnaires to measure sedentary behaviour in this group. A better understanding of sedentary behaviour will inform the design of novel interventions to change lifestyle behaviours of adults with intellectual disabilities
- âŠ