From beachers to bikers to birders : A peoples\u27 history of the changes in leisure practices at Point Pelee National Park, 1960-1982 (Ontario).

This qualitative, socio-historical study examines the process of how leisure practices were socially constructed at one of Canada\u27s national parks, Point Pelee, during the years 1960-1982. Giddens\u27 (1984) duality of structure paradigm is utilized to analyze two questions: (1) What structures contextualized the facilitation, constraint, or elimination of leisure activities at Point Pelee National Park between 1960 and 1982?, and (2) how did agents interact with these structures to facilitate, constrain, or eliminate leisure activities? Four leisure practices were analyzed: smelt fishing, duck hunting, bird watching/nature study, and beach activities, such as swimming, picnicking or camping. Data were collected from many primary and secondary sources related to leisure and outdoor recreation, and indepth interviews with twenty park visitors and administrators were conducted. An initial list of potential informants was compiled using park documents and a local lobby group directory, and then a snowball method was employed. All informants lived in Canada, and most resided in Essex County. An underlying assumption of this thesis is that the production of historical knowledge nost often controlled by individuals in privileged positions of expertise. This thesis was s used as an opportunity to generate history using the stories/accounts of those most directly involved--the participants themselves. The nucleus of the histories are composed of the data gleaned from informant interviews, with other primary and secondary sources lending supplementary support. The theoretical purpose behind this style of description is to privilege data received from the agent (i.e., park visitors/park administrators), rather than data from other sources (i.e., newspapers, government policies). Thesis results suggest that preservationist ideologies facilitated agent reproduction of structures which turned Point Pelee into a more publicly regulated, preservation-oriented park. Subsequently, Point Pelee changed from serving the needs of local visitors primarily, to addressing the concerns of a more national/international audience. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)Dept. of Kinesiology. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1996 .L48. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 34-06, page: 2233. Adviser: Victoria Paraschak. Thesis (M.H.K.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1996

Effect of Land-Use Manipulations on Habitat Associations and Demography of Mesocarnivores in the Cross Timbers Ecoregions of Oklahoma

Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Managemen

O uso de óxido nitroso na prática da medicina dentária: revisão narrativa

Actualmente, os dentistas são frequentemente confrontados com ansiedade, medo e fobia nos seus pacientes, o que constitui uma barreira aos cuidados dentários. Estes comportamentos tornam difícil ou impossível cuidar do doente e afectam principalmente a população pediátrica, mas também muitos adultos. O controlo destes comportamentos é, portanto, essencial para manter boas práticas de higiene oral a longo prazo. Muitas soluções têm sido implementadas para resolver este problema. Nesta tese, discutiremos uma destas alternativas em particular: a sedação consciente e especialmente a sedação por inalação de óxido nitroso. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi limitada aos últimos 20 anos e um total de 43 referências bibliográficas foram utilizadas. A sedação com óxido nitroso é uma vantagem para a prática da medicina dentária, permitindo ao dentista uma maior capacidade de intervenção e oferecendo aos pacientes uma gama mais vasta de opções de tratamento.Nowadays, dentists are often confronted with anxiety, fear and phobia in their patients, which constitute a barrier to dental care. These behaviours make it difficult or impossible to care for the patient and affect mainly the paediatric population, but also many adults. Controlling these behaviours is therefore essential to maintain good oral hygiene practices in the long term. Many solutions have been implemented to address this problem. In this thesis, we will discuss one of these alternatives in particular: conscious sedation and especially sedation by inhalation of nitrous oxide. The research was limited to the last 20 years, a total of 43 references were consulted. Nitrous oxide sedation is an asset to the practice of dentistry, allowing the dentist a greater capacity for intervention and offering patients a wider range of treatment options

The Coupled Magnetic Field Effects on the Microstructure Evolution and Magnetic Properties of As-Deposited and Post- Annealed Nano-Scaled Co-Based Films — Part II

Superimposed external magnetic fields during electrodeposition process offers the possibility to tailor the microstructure and properties of the obtained films in a very efficient, contactless, and easily controllable way, which is caused by so-called magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect. On the other hand, the non-equilibrium state of as-electrodeposited nanocrystalline films provides a strong thermodynamic potential for microstructural transformation. This means that the beneficial effect of magneto-electrodeposition on a nanocrystalline film can be completely consumed by thermal exposure at a relatively low temperature. Magnetic field annealing has been confirmed to be useful for tailoring the microstructure of as-deposited nanocrystalline films for their widespread uses

Evaluation of an evidence-based medicine educational intervention in a regional medical campus

Background: Enhanced educational activities were developed by a regional medical campus (RMC) in order to incorporate evidence-based medicine (EBM) practice in the learning process of medical students. This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of these activities.Methods: The experimental group was made up of third-year students from the RMC. The comparison group included students from the main campus of the medical school and another of its RMCs. The experimental group received additional training on EBM: one additional hour in class, plus skills development exercises throughout the semester. During the regular academic sessions, clinical questions requiring EBM literature searching skills were incorporated in the curriculum. Tests on knowledge and self-assessment of competencies were administered to all participants at the beginning and at the end of the semester. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and post hoc tests for within and between groups comparison.Results: The Friedman test demonstrated a statistically significant effect of the intervention on knowledge (p <0.0001). The score of the knowledge test was significantly higher for the experimental group, when compared with baseline testing and with the comparison group (p <0.0001). Repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated a statistically significant effect of the intervention on the score of the self-assessment of competencies (p=0.032). The score for the self-assessment of competencies was significantly higher for the experimental group when compared to baseline score (p <0.0001), but not with respect to the comparison group.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of additional training and longitudinal integrated skills development leading to an increase in medical student knowledge and self-perception of competencies in EBM practice.

Local news and audiences’ wellbeing:the roles of motivation, satisfaction, and trust

Local news plays an important role in generating a sense of community attachment. However, the relationship between local news and wellbeing is less explored. Based on a national survey of 6,367 Australians, this study found that trust in and satisfaction with local news were linked with higher personal and community wellbeing. News-related factors (motivation, satisfaction, trust) were more strongly related to community wellbeing than to personal wellbeing. Accessing local news for community-related reasons was the strongest predictor of wellbeing. Guided by uses and gratifications theory, this study provides new insights into the role of local news in peoples’ lives, and emphasises the need to protect local news from further decline.</p

The metallicity profile of M31 from spectroscopy of hundreds of HII regions and PNe

The oxygen abundance gradients among nebular emission line regions in spiral galaxies have been used as important constraints for models of chemical evolution. We present the largest ever full-wavelength optical spectroscopic sample of emission line nebulae in a spiral galaxy (M31). We have collected spectra of 253 HII regions and 407 planetary nebulae with the Hectospec multi-fiber spectrograph of the MMT. We measure the line-of-sight extinction for 199 HII regions and 333 PNe; we derive oxygen abundance directly, based on the electron temperature, for 51 PNe; and we use strong line methods to estimate oxygen abundance for 192 HII regions and nitrogen abundance for 52 HII regions. The relatively shallow oxygen abundance gradient of the more extended HII regions in our sample is generally in agreement with the result of Zaritsky et al. (1994), based on only 19 M31 HII regions, but varies with the strong-line diagnostic employed. Our large sample size demonstrates that there is significant intrinsic scatter around this abundance gradient, as much as 3 times the systematic uncertainty in the strong line diagnostics. The intrinsic scatter is similar in the nitrogen abundances, although the gradient is significantly steeper. On small scales (deprojected distance < 0.5 kpc), HII regions exhibit local variations in oxygen abundance that are larger than 0.3 dex in 33% of neighboring pairs. We do not identify a significant oxygen abundance gradient among PNe, but we do find a significant gradient in the [N II] ratio that varies systematically with surface brightness. Our results underscore the complex and inhomogeneous nature of the ISM of M31, and our dataset illustrates systematic effects relevant to future studies of the metallicity gradients in nearby spiral galaxies.Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ, full tables available at http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~nsanders/papers/M31/summary.htm

Combinational expression of tumor testis antigens NY-ESO-1, MAGE-A3, and MAGE-A4 predicts response to immunotherapy in mucosal melanoma patients

PURPOSE: Immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has revolutionized cancer treatment in recent years, particularly in melanoma. While response to immunotherapy is associated with high tumor mutational burden (TMB), PD-L1 expression, and microsatellite instability in several cancers, tumors lacking these biomarkers can still respond to this treatment. Especially, mucosal melanoma, commonly exhibiting low TMB compared to cutaneous melanoma, may respond to immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate novel biomarkers in mucosal melanoma that predict response to combined ipilimumab and nivolumab. METHODS: We investigated 10 tumor samples from 10 patients (three responders, seven non-responders) before treatment and six tumor samples from five patients after progression using a targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) gene expression panel. The findings were corroborated with an independent method (i.e., immunohistochemical staining) on the same 10 tumor samples before treatment and, to increase the cohort, in addition on three tumor samples before treatment of more recent patients (one responder, two non-responders). RESULTS: With the targeted gene expression panel, we found the three tumor testis antigens CTAG1B (NY-ESO-1), MAGE-A3, and MAGE-A4 to be predominantly expressed in responding tumors. This marker panel was either not or not completely expressed in non-responders (p < 0.01). Using immunohistochemistry for all three markers, we could confirm the elevated expression in tumors responding to the ipilimumab/nivolumab combination therapy. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, these three biomarkers await validation in a larger patient cohort and could be easily used in future routine diagnostics to predict the outcome of ipilimumab/nivolumab combination therapy in mucosal melanoma patients

Contamination of short GRBs by giant magnetar flares: significance of downwards revision in distance to SGR 1806-20

We highlight how the downward revision in the distance to the star cluster associated with SGR1806-20 by Bibby et al. reconciles the apparent low contamination of BATSE short GRBs by intense flares from extragalactic magnetars without recourse to modifying the frequency of one such flare per 30 years per Milky Way galaxy. We also discuss the variety in progenitor initial masses of magnetars based upon cluster ages, ranging from ~50 Msun for SGR 1806-20 and 1E 1647-455 in Westerlund 1 to ~15 Msun for SGR 1900+14 and presumably 1E 1841-045 if it originated from one of the massive RSG clusters #2 or #3