Entire solutions for critical p-fractional Hardy Schrodinger Kirchhoff equations

Existence theorems of nonnegative entire solutions of stationary critical p-fractional Hardy Schr¨odinger Kirchhoff equations are presented in this paper. The equations we treat deal with Hardy terms and critical nonlinearities and the main theorems extend several recent results on the topic. The paper contains also some open problems

Divergent synthesis of novel 9-deazaxanthine derivatives via late-stage cross-coupling reactions

A small library of 8-substituted 9-deazaxanthines has been prepared by late-stage diversification of an 8-bromo-9-deazaxanthine. By utilizing palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions a single key precursor can be transformed into a variety of 8-substituted-9-deazaxanthine compounds. Three key 8-bromo-9-deazaxanthine intermediates were efficiently prepared from commercially available 6-chlorouracil in six steps

A Case Study of Pc1 Waves Observed at the Polar Cap Associated with Proton Precipitation at Subauroral Latitudes

The importance of ElectroMagnetic Ion Cyclotron (EMIC) ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves (and their Pc1 counterparts) is connected to their critical role in triggering energetic particle precipitation from the magnetosphere to the conjugated ionosphere via pitch angle scattering. In addition, as a prominent element of the ULF zoo, EMIC/Pc1 waves can be considered a perfect tool for the remote diagnosis of the topologies and dynamic properties of near-Earth plasmas. Based on the availability of a comprehensive set of instruments, operating on the ground and in the top-side ionosphere, the present case study provides an interesting example of the evolution of EMIC propagation to both ionospheric hemispheres up to the polar cap. Specifically, we report observations of Pc1 waves detected on 30 March 2021 under low Kp, low Sym-H, and moderate AE conditions. The proposed investigation shows that high-latitude ground magnetometers in both hemispheres and the first China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01) at a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) detected in-synch Pc1 waves. In strict correspondence to this, energetic proton precipitation was observed at LEO with a simultaneous appearance of an isolated proton aurora at subauroral latitudes. This supports the idea of EMIC wave-induced proton precipitation contributing to energy transfer from the magnetosphere to the ionosphere

Ciliate Microtubule Diversities: Insights from the EFBTU3 Tubulin in the Antarctic Ciliate Euplotes focardii

Protozoans of the Phylum Ciliophora (ciliates) assemble many diverse microtubular structures in a single cell throughout the life cycle, a feature that made them useful models to study microtubule complexity and the role of tubulin isotypes. In the Antarctic ciliate Euplotes focardii we identified five β-tubulin isotypes by genome sequencing, named EFBTU1, EFBTU2, EFBTU3, EFBTU4 and EFBTU5. By using polyclonal antibodies directed against EFBTU2/EFBTU1 and EFBTU3, we show that the former isotypes appear to be involved in the formation of all microtubular structures and are particularly abundant in cilia, whereas the latter specifically localizes at the bases of cilia. By RNA interference (RNAi) technology, we silenced the EFBTU3 gene and provided evidence that this isotype has a relevant role in cilia regeneration upon deciliation and in cell division. These results support the long-standing concept that tubulin isotypes possess functional specificity in building diverse microtubular structures

The macronuclear genome of the Antarctic psychrophilic marine ciliate Euplotes focardii reveals new insights on molecular cold adaptation

The macronuclear (MAC) genomes of ciliates belonging to the genus Euplotes species are comprised of numerous small DNA molecules, nanochromosomes, each typically encoding a single gene. These genomes are responsible for all gene expression during vegetative cell growth. Here, we report the analysis of the MAC genome from the Antarctic psychrophile Euplotes focardii. Nanochromosomes containing bacterial sequences were not found, suggesting that phenomena of horizontal gene transfer did not occur recently, even though this ciliate species has a substantial associated bacterial consortium. As in other euplotid species, E. focardii MAC genes are characterized by a high frequency of translational frameshifting. Furthermore, in order to characterize differences that may be consequent to cold adaptation and defense to oxidative stress, the main constraints of the Antarctic marine microorganisms, we compared E. focardii MAC genome with those available from mesophilic Euplotes species. We focussed mainly on the comparison of tubulin, antioxidant enzymes and heat shock protein (HSP) 70 families, molecules which possess peculiar characteristic correlated with cold adaptation in E. focardii. We found that α-tubulin genes and those encoding SODs and CATs antioxidant enzymes are more numerous than in the mesophilic Euplotes species. Furthermore, the phylogenetic trees showed that these molecules are divergent in the Antarctic species. In contrast, there are fewer hsp70 genes in E. focardii compared to mesophilic Euplotes and these genes do not respond to thermal stress but only to oxidative stress. Our results suggest that molecular adaptation to cold and oxidative stress in the Antarctic environment may not only be due to particular amino acid substitutions but also due to duplication and divergence of paralogous genes

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Metabolites of 2-n-Butyl-9-methyl-8-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-9H-purin-6-ylamine (ST1535), A Potent Antagonist of the A2A Adenosine Receptor for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease

The synthesis and preliminary in vitro evaluation of five metabolites of the A2A antagonist ST1535 (I) are reported. The metabolites, originating in vivo from enzymic oxidn. of the 2-Bu group of the parent compd., were synthesized from 6-chloro-2- iodo-9-methyl-9H-purine by selective C-C bond formation via halogen/magnesium exchange reaction and/or palladiumcatalyzed reactions. The metabolites, e.g., II, behaved in vitro as antagonist ligands of cloned human A2A receptor with affinities (Ki 7.5-53 nM) comparable to that of compd. I (Ki 10.7 nM), thus showing that the long duration of action of I could be in part due to its metabolites. General behavior after oral administration in mice was also analyzed

Time-dependent recovery of brain hypometabolism in neuro-COVID-19 patients

Purpose: We evaluated brain metabolic dysfunctions and associations with neurological and biological parameters in acute, subacute and chronic COVID-19 phases to provide deeper insights into the pathophysiology of the disease. Methods: Twenty-six patients with neurological symptoms (neuro-COVID-19) and [18F]FDG-PET were included. Seven patients were acute (< 1 month (m) after onset), 12 subacute (4 ≥ 1-m, 4 ≥ 2-m and 4 ≥ 3-m) and 7 with neuro-post-COVID-19 (3 ≥ 5-m and 4 ≥ 7–9-m). One patient was evaluated longitudinally (acute and 5-m). Brain hypo- and hypermetabolism were analysed at single-subject and group levels. Correlations between severity/extent of brain hypo- and hypermetabolism and biological (oxygen saturation and C-reactive protein) and clinical variables (global cognition and Body Mass Index) were assessed. Results: The “fronto-insular cortex” emerged as the hypometabolic hallmark of neuro-COVID-19. Acute patients showed the most severe hypometabolism affecting several cortical regions. Three-m and 5-m patients showed a progressive reduction of hypometabolism, with limited frontal clusters. After 7–9 months, no brain hypometabolism was detected. The patient evaluated longitudinally showed a diffuse brain hypometabolism in the acute phase, almost recovered after 5 months. Brain hypometabolism correlated with cognitive dysfunction, low blood saturation and high inflammatory status. Hypermetabolism in the brainstem, cerebellum, hippocampus and amygdala persisted over time and correlated with inflammation status. Conclusion: Synergistic effects of systemic virus-mediated inflammation and transient hypoxia yield a dysfunction of the fronto-insular cortex, a signature of CNS involvement in neuro-COVID-19. This brain dysfunction is likely to be transient and almost reversible. The long-lasting brain hypermetabolism seems to reflect persistent inflammation processes