33 research outputs found
Relics of Supersymmetry in Ordinary 1-flavor QCD: Hairpin Diagrams and Scalar-Pseudoscalar Degeneracy
The large- orientifold planar equivalence between SUSY
Yang-Mills theory and ordinary 1-flavor QCD suggests that low-energy
quark-gluon dynamics in QCD should be constrained by the supersymmetry of the
parent theory. One SUSY relic expected from orientifold equivalence is the
approximate degeneracy of the scalar and pseudoscalar mesons in 1-flavor QCD.
Here we study the role of the annihilation (hairpin) contributions
to the meson correlators. These annihilation terms induce mass shifts of
opposite sign in the scalar and pseudoscalar channels, making degeneracy
plausible. Calculations of valence and hairpin correlators in quenched lattice
QCD are consistent with approximate degeneracy, although the errors on the
scalar hairpin are large. We also study the role of annihilation in
the 1- and 2-flavor Nambu-Jona Lasinio model, where annihilation terms arise
from the chiral field determinant representing the axial U(1) anomaly.
Scalar-pseudoscalar degeneracy for the 1-flavor case reduces to a constraint on
the relative size of the anomalous and non-anomalous 4-fermion couplings.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figure
Fractionally charged Wilson loops as a probe of -dependence in sigma models: Instantons vs. large N
The behavior of Wilson loops with fractional charge is used to study the
-dependence of the free energy density for the
, , and sigma models in two spacetime dimensions. The
function is extracted from the area law for a Wilson loop of
charge . For , is smooth in the region
and well-described by a dilute instanton gas throughout the
range . For and the energy exhibits a clear cusp
and evidence for discrete, degenerate vacua at , as expected from
large arguments. For the -dependence is in good quantitative
agreement with the leading order large prediction
throughout the range .Comment: 16 pages, 10 figure
International genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new primary biliary cirrhosis risk loci and targetable pathogenic pathways.
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a classical autoimmune liver disease for which effective immunomodulatory therapy is lacking. Here we perform meta-analyses of discovery data sets from genome-wide association studies of European subjects (n=2,764 cases and 10,475 controls) followed by validation genotyping in an independent cohort (n=3,716 cases and 4,261 controls). We discover and validate six previously unknown risk loci for PBC (Pcombined<5 × 10(-8)) and used pathway analysis to identify JAK-STAT/IL12/IL27 signalling and cytokine-cytokine pathways, for which relevant therapies exist
The Diabetes Assistant: A Smartphone-Based System for Real-Time Control of Blood Glucose
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease in which the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed and insulin must be injected daily to enable the body to metabolize glucose. Standard therapy for T1DM involves self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) several times daily with a blood glucose meter and injecting insulin via a syringe, pen or insulin pump. An “Artificial Pancreas” (AP) is a closed-loop control system that uses a continuous glucose monitor (CGM), an insulin pump and an internal algorithm to automatically manage insulin infusion to keep the subject’s blood glucose within a desired range. Although no fully closed-loop AP systems are currently commercially available there are intense academic and commercial efforts to produce safe and effective AP systems. In this paper we present the Diabetes Assistant (DiAs), an ultraportable AP research platform designed to enable home studies of Closed Loop Control (CLC) of blood glucose in subjects with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. DiAs consists of an Android (Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA) smartphone equipped with communication, control and user interface software wirelessly connected to a continuous glucose monitor and insulin pump. The software consists of a network of mobile applications with well-defined Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) running atop an enhanced version of Android with non-essential elements removed. CLC and safety applications receive real-time data from the CGM and pump, estimate the patient’s metabolic state and risk of hypo- and hyperglycemia, adjust the insulin infusion rate, raise alarms as needed and transmit de-identified data to a secure remote server. Some applications may be replaced by researchers wishing to conduct outpatient ambulatory studies of novel Closed Loop Control, Safety or User Interface modules. Over the past three years the DiAs platform has been used in a series of AP clinical trials sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, the Helmsley Charitable Trust and the European Union AP@Home project. Results of clinical trials using DiAs indicate that a smartphone with targeted operating system modifications and appropriate system software can be successfully used in outpatient clinical trials of FDA Class III medical devices such as Artificial Pancreas