Análise de variáveis de desempenho de oito fundações sociais de organizações com capital aberto na B3

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Engenharia de Produção.O Brasil é um país heterogêneo e possui um cenário desigual de acesso à cultura, educação e saúde. Diante disto, o estado não é o único responsável em reduzir tais desigualdades e muitas empresas buscam se responsabilizar através do desempenho de um papel cívico. Uma das maneiras de combater essa desigualdade social e fomentar tais temas se dá através de iniciativas que tragam uma maior democratização da cultura e acesso à educação e saúde através de programas das fundações sociais de cada organização. Assim, o trabalho possui o objetivo de analisar as variáveis de desempenho ligadas a competitividade e a performance de oito fundações sociais de capital aberto na B3. O trabalho consiste em uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, de natureza aplicada, com abordagem qualitativa e classificação exploratória. Para realizar a pesquisa, foi necessário a definição das variáveis de competitividade a serem analisadas e a busca nos meios de comunicação das fundações, assim como entrevistas. Entre as variáveis de desempenho, foram mapeadas: as suas linhas de atuação, a presença ou não de espaços físicos para sediar os programas oferecidos, a governança de cada uma, a estratégia de financiamento utilizada para suas iniciativas, o resultado alcançado através do valor total investido e a quantidade de iniciativas de cada uma delas e os resultados quantitativos de pesquisas por cada uma no principal buscador de pesquisa na internet. Entre as fundações escolhidas, são analisadas: Fundação CSN, Fundação Roberto Marinho, Fundação Banco do Brasil, Fundação Itaú, Fundação ArcelorMittal, Instituto CPFL, Instituto Natura e Instituto Cultural Vale. Apesar da análise envolver fatores comparativos, o trabalho compreende que cada fundação é desenvolvida em seu contexto específico e a análise tem um papel exclusivamente de compreender as divergências e o posicionamento de cada fundação social. Ao final desta monografia, foi possível quantificar as diferenças identificadas em cada uma das variáveis de desempenho analisadas e a elaboração de um dashboard a fim de permitir uma identificação desta análise. Os resultados obtidos atribuíram uma maior pontuação para a Fundação Itaú e Fundação Roberto Marinho, por possuírem estratégias que as configuram como fundações mais robustas, por serem amplamente conhecidas pelo público, além de obterem melhores resultados em outros fatores analisados. Entre as fundações com menor pontuação, estão Instituto Natura e Instituto CPFL, que são fundações mais novas e que possuem estratégias menos autônomas em relação às suas mantenedoras. O trabalho permite um estudo acerca de uma temática crescente e poderá servir de insumos para pesquisas futuras que busquem compreender a estratégia adotada entre as fundações sociais brasileiras

JWST reveals a possible z∼11z \sim 11 galaxy merger in triply-lensed MACS0647−-JD

MACS0647$-$JD is a triply-lensed $z\sim11$ galaxy originally discovered with the Hubble Space Telescope. Here we report new JWST imaging, which clearly resolves MACS0647$-$JD as having two components that are either merging galaxies or stellar complexes within a single galaxy. Both are very small, with stellar masses $\sim10^8\,M_\odot$ and radii $r<100\,\rm pc$. The brighter larger component "A" is intrinsically very blue ($\beta\sim-2.6$), likely due to very recent star formation and no dust, and is spatially extended with an effective radius $\sim70\,\rm pc$. The smaller component "B" appears redder ($\beta\sim-2$), likely because it is older ($100-200\,\rm Myr$) with mild dust extinction ($A_V\sim0.1\,\rm mag$), and a smaller radius $\sim20\,\rm pc$. We identify galaxies with similar colors in a high-redshift simulation, finding their star formation histories to be out of phase. With an estimated stellar mass ratio of roughly 2:1 and physical projected separation $\sim400\,\rm pc$, we may be witnessing a galaxy merger 400 million years after the Big Bang. We also identify a candidate companion galaxy C $\sim3\,{\rm kpc}$ away, likely destined to merge with galaxies A and B. The combined light from galaxies A+B is magnified by factors of $\sim$8, 5, and 2 in three lensed images JD1, 2, and 3 with F356W fluxes $\sim322$, $203$, $86\,\rm nJy$ (AB mag 25.1, 25.6, 26.6). MACS0647$-$JD is significantly brighter than other galaxies recently discovered at similar redshifts with JWST. Without magnification, it would have AB mag 27.3 ($M_{UV}=-20.4$). With a high confidence level, we obtain a photometric redshift of $z=10.6\pm0.3$ based on photometry measured in 6 NIRCam filters spanning $1-5\rm\mu m$, out to $4300\,\r{A}$ rest-frame. JWST NIRSpec observations planned for January 2023 will deliver a spectroscopic redshift and a more detailed study of the physical properties of MACS0647$-$JD.Comment: 27 pages, 14 figures, submitted to Natur

Can musical ability be tested online?

We sought to determine whether an objective test of musical ability could be successfully administered online. A sample of 754 participants was tested with an online version of the Musical Ear Test (MET), which had Melody and Rhythm subtests. Both subtests had 52 trials, each of which required participants to determine whether standard and comparison auditory sequences were identical. The testing session also included the Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index (Gold-MSI), a test of general cognitive ability, and self-report questionnaires that measured basic demographics (age, education, gender), mind-wandering, and personality. Approximately 20% of the participants were excluded for incomplete responding or failing to finish the testing session. For the final sample (N = 608), findings were similar to those from in-person testing in many respects: (1) the internal reliability of the MET was maintained, (2) construct validity was confirmed by strong associations with Gold-MSI scores, (3) correlations with other measures (e.g., openness to experience, cognitive ability, mind-wandering) were as predicted, (4) mean levels of performance were similar for individuals with no music training, and (5) musical sophistication was a better predictor of performance on the Melody than on the Rhythm subtest. In sum, online administration of the MET proved to be a reliable and valid way to measure musical abilityinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Imaging Brain Function with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Unconstrained Environments

Assessing the neural correlates of motor and cognitive processes under naturalistic experimentation is challenging due to the movement constraints of traditional brain imaging technologies. The recent advent of portable technologies that are less sensitive to motion artifacts such as Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) have been made possible the study of brain function in freely-moving participants. In this paper, we describe a series of proof-of-concept experiments examining the potential of fNIRS in assessing the neural correlates of cognitive and motor processes in unconstrained environments. We show illustrative applications for practicing a sport (i.e., table tennis), playing a musical instrument (i.e., piano and violin) alone or in duo and performing daily activities for many hours (i.e., continuous monitoring). Our results expand upon previous research on the feasibility and robustness of fNIRS to monitor brain hemodynamic changes in different real life settings. We believe that these preliminary results showing the flexibility and robustness of fNIRS measurements may contribute by inspiring future work in the field of applied neuroscience

Early Results from GLASS-JWST. XXIII. The Transmission of Lyα from UV-faint z ∼ 3–6 Galaxies

Ly alpha emission from galaxies can be used to trace neutral hydrogen in the epoch of reionization, however, there is a degeneracy between the attenuation of Ly alpha in the intergalactic medium (IGM) and the line profile emitted by the galaxy. Large shifts of Ly alpha redward of systemic due to scattering in the interstellar medium can boost Ly alpha transmission in the IGM during reionization. The relationship between the Ly alpha velocity offset from systemic and other galaxy properties is not well established at high redshift or low luminosities, due to the difficulty of observing emission lines which trace the systemic redshift. Rest-frame optical spectroscopy with JWST/NIRSpec has opened a new window into understanding Ly alpha at z &gt; 3. We present a sample of 12 UV-faint galaxies (-20 less than or similar to M-UV less than or similar to -16) at 3 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 6, with Ly alpha velocity offsets, Delta v(Ly alpha), measured from the Very Large Telescope/MUSE and JWST/NIRSpec from the GLASS-JWST Early Release Program. We find a median Delta v(Ly alpha) of 205 km s(-1) and standard deviation of 75 km s(-1), compared to 320 and 170 km s(-1), respectively, for M-UV &lt; -20 galaxies in the literature. Our new sample demonstrates the previously observed trend of decreasing Ly alpha velocity offset with decreasing UV luminosity and optical line velocity dispersion, which extends to M-UV greater than or similar to -20, consistent with a picture where the Ly alpha profile is shaped by gas close to the systemic redshift. Our results imply that during reionization Ly alpha from UV-faint galaxies will be preferentially attenuated, but that detecting Ly alpha with low Delta v(Ly alpha) can be an indicator of large ionized bubbles

JWST Reveals a Possible z ∼ 11 Galaxy Merger in Triply Lensed MACS0647–JD

MACS0647–JD is a triply lensed z ∼ 11 galaxy originally discovered with the Hubble Space Telescope. The three lensed images are magnified by factors of ∼8, 5, and 2 to AB mag 25.1, 25.6, and 26.6 at 3.5 μ m. The brightest is over a magnitude brighter than other galaxies recently discovered at similar redshifts z > 10 with JWST. Here, we report new JWST imaging that clearly resolves MACS0647–JD as having two components that are either merging galaxies or stellar complexes within a single galaxy. The brighter larger component “A” is intrinsically very blue ( β ∼ −2.6 ± 0.1), likely due to very recent star formation and no dust, and is spatially extended with an effective radius ∼70 ± 24 pc. The smaller component “B” ( r ∼ 20 ${}_{-5}^{+8}\,$ pc) appears redder ( β ∼ −2 ± 0.2), likely because it is older (100–200 Myr) with mild dust extinction ( A _V ∼ 0.1 mag). With an estimated stellar mass ratio of roughly 2:1 and physical projected separation ∼400 pc, we may be witnessing a galaxy merger 430 million years after the Big Bang. We identify galaxies with similar colors in a high-redshift simulation, finding their star formation histories to be dissimilar, which is also suggested by the spectral energy distribution fitting, suggesting they formed further apart. We also identify a candidate companion galaxy “C” ∼3 kpc away, likely destined to merge with A and B. Upcoming JWST Near Infrared Spectrograph observations planned for 2023 January will deliver spectroscopic redshifts and more physical properties for these tiny magnified distant galaxies observed in the early universe