2,064 research outputs found
Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults and children: United States, 2007
by Patricia M. Barnes, Barbara Bloom and Richard L. Nahin.Title from title screen (viewed on Feb. 4, 2009)."December 10, 2008."Chiefly tables."CS124064.""T33078 (12/2008)."Also availalbe via the World Wide Web.Mode of access: Internet from the CDC web site. Address as of 2/4/09: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr012.pdf; current access available via PURL.Includes bibliographical references (p. 7-9)
Summary health statistics for the U.S. population: National Health Interview Survey, 2001
Authors, Patricia M. Barnes, Patricia F. Adams, and Jeannine S. Schiller, Division of Health Interview Statistics."December 2003."Also available via the World Wide Web.Includes bibliographical references (p. 7)
The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) as a measure of implicit relative preferences: A first study
The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) was designed to examine implicit beliefs or attitudes. In Experiment 1, response latencies obtained from Irish participants on the IRAP showed a strong preference for Irish over Scottish and American over African. In contrast, responses to explicit Likert measures diverged from the IRAP performance in indicating Irish equally likeable to Scottish and African more likeable than American. Using a similar IRAP, Experiment 2 showed that participants from the United States showed strong implicit preferences for American over Irish, Irish over Scottish, and Scottish over African; the explicit Likert measures again diverged from the IRAP. The findings provide preliminary support for the IRAP as a useful measure of implicit beliefs
The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) as a measure of implicit relative preferences: A first study
The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) was designed to examine implicit beliefs or attitudes. In Experiment 1, response latencies obtained from Irish participants on the IRAP showed a strong preference for Irish over Scottish and American over African. In contrast, responses to explicit Likert measures diverged from the IRAP performance in indicating Irish equally likeable to Scottish and African more likeable than American. Using a similar IRAP, Experiment 2 showed that participants from the United States showed strong implicit preferences for American over Irish, Irish over Scottish, and Scottish over African; the explicit Likert measures again diverged from the IRAP. The findings provide preliminary support for the IRAP as a useful measure of implicit beliefs
A Longitudinal Study of the Effect of Genistein on Bone in Two Different Murine Models of Diminished Estrogen-Producing Capacity
This experiment was designed to assess the capacity of dietary genistein (GEN), to attenuate bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) and ovary-intact VCD-treated mice. Pretreatment of mice with 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) gradually and selectively destroys ovarian follicles whilst leaving ovarian androgen-producing cells largely intact. VCD induces a perimenopause-like condition prior to the onset of reproductive acyclicity. Sixteen-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomized to five treatment groups: sham(SHM), OVX, SHM + VCD, OVX + GEN, and SHM + VCD + GEN. In vivo, blood samples were drawn for hormone and isoflavone analyses, estrous cycles were monitored, and X-ray imaging was performed to assess changes in bone parameters. Following sacrifice, ovaries were assessed histologically, bone microarchitecture was evaluated via microcomputed tomography, and bone mechanical properties were measured. Some effects of GEN were observed in OVX mice, but GEN effects were not able to be evaluated in VCD-treated mice due to the subtle diminution of bone during the 4 months of this experiment
The Formation and Survival of Discs in a Lambda-CDM Universe
We study the formation of galaxies in a Lambda-CDM Universe using high
resolution hydrodynamical simulations with a multiphase treatment of gas,
cooling and feedback, focusing on the formation of discs. Our simulations
follow eight haloes similar in mass to the Milky Way and extracted from a large
cosmological simulation without restriction on spin parameter or merger
history. This allows us to investigate how the final properties of the
simulated galaxies correlate with the formation histories of their haloes. We
find that, at z = 0, none of our galaxies contain a disc with more than 20 per
cent of its total stellar mass. Four of the eight galaxies nevertheless have
well-formed disc components, three have dominant spheroids and very small
discs, and one is a spheroidal galaxy with no disc at all. The z = 0 spheroids
are made of old stars, while discs are younger and formed from the inside-out.
Neither the existence of a disc at z = 0 nor the final disc-to-total mass ratio
seems to depend on the spin parameter of the halo. Discs are formed in haloes
with spin parameters as low as 0.01 and as high as 0.05; galaxies with little
or no disc component span the same range in spin parameter. Except for one of
the simulated galaxies, all have significant discs at z > ~2, regardless of
their z = 0 morphologies. Major mergers and instabilities which arise when
accreting cold gas is misaligned with the stellar disc trigger a transfer of
mass from the discs to the spheroids. In some cases, discs are destroyed, while
in others, they survive or reform. This suggests that the survival probability
of discs depends on the particular formation history of each galaxy. A
realistic Lambda-CDM model will clearly require weaker star formation at high
redshift and later disc assembly than occurs in our models.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, mn2e.cls. MNRAS in press, updated to match
published versio
Dark matter response to galaxy formation
We have resimulated the six galaxy-sized haloes of the Aquarius Project
including metal-dependent cooling, star formation and supernova feedback. This
allows us to study not only how dark matter haloes respond to galaxy formation,
but also how this response is affected by details of halo assembly history. In
agreement with previous work, we find baryon condensation to lead to increased
dark matter concentration. Dark matter density profiles differ substantially in
shape from halo to halo when baryons are included, but in all cases the
velocity dispersion decreases monotonically with radius. Some haloes show an
approximately constant dark matter velocity anisotropy with , while others retain the anisotropy structure of their baryon-free
versions. Most of our haloes become approximately oblate in their inner
regions, although a few retain the shape of their dissipationless counterparts.
Pseudo-phase-space densities are described by a power law in radius of altered
slope when baryons are included. The shape and concentration of the dark matter
density profiles are not well reproduced by published adiabatic contraction
models. The significant spread we find in the density and kinematic structure
of our haloes appears related to differences in their formation histories. Such
differences already affect the final structure in baryon-free simulations, but
they are reinforced by the inclusion of baryons, and new features are produced.
The details of galaxy formation need to be better understood before the inner
dark matter structure of galaxies can be used to constrain cosmological models
or the nature of dark matter.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures. Accepted MNRAS. Revised version includes
discussion on resolution effects and minor changes
Factors Associated with the Acquisition and Severity of Gestational Listeriosis
Gravid mammals are more prone to listeriosis than their nongravid counterparts. However, many features of the disease in gravid animals are not well defined. We determined, in mice, that increased susceptibility to lethal infection following oral inoculation begins surprisingly early in pregnancy and extends through embryonic development. Pregnancy did not demonstrably increase the spread of listeriae from the intestine to the liver and spleen in the initial 96 h period post inoculation. Consequently, it appeared that gravid animals were competent to contain an enteric infection, but in those instances where escape did occur, a lethal outcome was more likely. Interestingly, colonic colonization level and prevalence, measured 96 h post inoculation, was significantly higher in gravid individuals. In terms of human risk factors for listeriosis, our results suggest that the window of listeriosis susceptibility afforded by pregnancy may be open longer than previously appreciated. Our results also suggest that while gravid animals are competent to contain an enteric infection, enteric carriage rate may be more of a factor in defining disease incidence than previously considered
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