El Bello Formation (nom. nov.), Early Jurassic from Cordillera Patagónica Austral, Santa Cruz province

En las inmediaciones del paso fronterizo del río Mayer en la Cordillera Patagónica Austral, aflora una sucesión clástica continental completa de aproximadamente 300 m de espesor, que yace en discordancia sobre el basamento pre-jurásico (Formación Río Lácteo) y es sucedida transicionalmente por las volcanitas del Complejo El Quemado, de edad jurásica media-cretácica temprana. La importancia de este hallazgo radica en la magnitud de la secuencia reconocida, con base y techo definido. En esta contribución se propone reunir estos depósitos clásticos en una nueva unidad litoestratigráfica: Formación El Bello. La sección tipo está situada en el límite argentino-chileno, próxima al río Mayer y en cercanías del puesto El Bello. Las sedimentitas están constituidas por conglomerados polimícticos y areniscas finas a medianas, con areniscas volcaniclásticas subordinadas. Los bancos son granocrecientes e integran una secuencia estratodecreciente. La fracción conglomerádica suele presentar grosera estratificación planar y paralela, mientras que las areniscas están bien laminadas. Esta unidad se generó en un ambiente fluvial donde prevalecían abanicos aluviales, que fueron el primer relleno de una cuenca del tipo hemigraben y se habrían depositado en las etapas iniciales de la extensión que luego daría lugar al difundido volcanismo jurásico de la región. Su antigüedad no ha sido determinada en forma precisa, pero los estudios paleomagnéticos en curso indican una edad jurásica temprana para la remanencia magnética. Se propone incluir dentro de la aquí definida Formación El Bello a varios depósitos con características similares e igual ubicación estratigráfica que los aquí presentados y que fueran descriptos en la región cordillerana de Santa Cruz por otros autores.A complete, clastic, continental, 300 meters-thick succession outcrops close to the border crossing of the Mayer River, in the Cordillera Patagónica Austral, unconformably lying on the pre-Jurassic basement (Río Lácteo Formation); it is succeeded transitionally by the Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous El Quemado Complex. The importance of this finding resides in the magnitude of the recognized sequence, with clear base and top. We propose to reunite these clastic deposits in a new lithostratigraphic unit, El Bello Formation. The type-section is located in the Argentina-Chile border, next to the Mayer River and close to Puesto El Bello. The sedimentites are constituted by polymictic conglomerates and fine- to medium-grained sandstones, with subordinate volcaniclastic sandstones. The beds are coarsening-upward, and they compose a thinning-upward sequence. The conglomerate fraction shows crude, planar and parallel stratification, while sandstones are well laminated. This unit was formed in a fluvial environment, where alluvial fans prevailed. They were the first infill in a hemigraben basin, and they would have been deposited in the first stages of the extension that would later lead to the widespread Jurassic regional volcanism. Its age has not been precisely determined, but on-going palaeomagnetic studies point to an Early Jurassic age for the magnetic remanence. We propose to include into this unit several comparable deposits, described by other authors in the cordilleran region of Santa Cruz province.Fil: Escosteguy, Leonardo Darío. Secretaría de Industria y Minería. Servicio Geologico Minero Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Geuna, Silvana Evangelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geociencias Basicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geociencias Basicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Etcheverría, Mariela Patricia. Secretaría de Industria y Minería. Servicio Geologico Minero Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Franchi, Mario. Secretaría de Industria y Minería. Servicio Geologico Minero Argentino; Argentin

PERFIL CLÍNICO-EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA APENDICITE AGUDA EM UM HOSPITAL DO TOCANTINS, BRASIL

OBJETIVO: O estudo teve como objetivo descrever o perfil clínico e epidemiológico de casos de apendicite aguda (AA) submetidos a apendicectomia em um hospital do interior do Tocantins durante 2017 e 2018. METODOLOGIA: Foram analisados prontuários de pacientes submetidos a apendicectomia entre 2017 e 2018. Variáveis como idade, sexo, raça/etnia, estado civil, ocupação, procedência, fase evolutiva da AA, início da sintomatologia até a cirurgia, tempo de cirurgia, tempo de internação, uso de dreno, antibioticoterapia, complicações e evolução foram incluídas. Os dados foram tabulados em planilha Excel e analisados pelo software SPSS versão 25. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 131 casos de pacientes submetidos à apendicectomia, sendo 58 (44,3%) em 2017 e 73 (55,7%) em 2018. Apenas 62 prontuários foram encontrados e incluídos no estudo. O perfil foi homens, pardos, jovens (média de 28,97 anos), solteiros, estudantes, procedente de Porto Nacional. A classificação da fase evolutiva da AA, mostrou 50% não complicada (grau 1 e 2) e 30,7% complicada (3 e 4). Houve maior incidência no mês de agosto. Fora identificada complicações em 4,8% dos casos e todos evoluíram para alta. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados do estudo remetem ao perfil de paciente com AA atendido na região e reforça a importância do diagnóstico rápido

Non-REM Sleep Characteristics Predict Early Cognitive Impairment in an Aging Population

Objective: Recent research suggests that sleep disorders or changes in sleep stages or EEG waveform precede over time the onset of the clinical signs of pathological cognitive impairment (e.g., Alzheimer's disease). The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers based on EEG power values and spindle characteristics during sleep that occur in the early stages of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults.Methods: This study was a case-control cross-sectional study with 1-year follow-up of cases. Patients with isolated subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) or MCI were recruited in the Bordeaux Memory Clinic (MEMENTO cohort). Cognitively normal controls were recruited. All participants were recorded with two successive polysomnography 1 year apart. Delta, theta, and sigma absolute spectral power and spindle characteristics (frequency, density, and amplitude) were analyzed from purified EEG during NREM and REM sleep periods during the entire second night.Results: Twenty-nine patients (8 males, age = 71 ± 7 years) and 29 controls were recruited at T0. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that age-related cognitive impairment were associated with a reduced delta power (odds ratio (OR) 0.072, P < 0.05), theta power (OR 0.018, P < 0.01), sigma power (OR 0.033, P < 0.05), and spindle maximal amplitude (OR 0.002, P < 0.05) during NREM sleep. Variables were adjusted on age, gender, body mass index, educational level, and medication use. Seventeen patients were evaluated at 1-year follow-up. Correlations showed that changes in self-reported sleep complaints, sleep consolidation, and spindle characteristics (spectral power, maximal amplitude, duration, and frequency) were associated with cognitive impairment (P < 0.05).Conclusion: A reduction in slow-wave, theta and sigma activities, and a modification in spindle characteristics during NREM sleep are associated very early with a greater risk of the occurrence of cognitive impairment. Poor sleep consolidation, lower amplitude, and faster frequency of spindles may be early sleep biomarkers of worsening cognitive decline in older adults

Processos de impermeabilização: estudo de caso residencial: Waterproofing processes: residential case study

A impermeabilização é a técnica que consiste em proteger as construções contra a infiltração de água. Sua aplicação e funcionamento são essenciais para garantir o bem-estar de quem utiliza as instalações e também a durabilidade e baixo custo de manutenção da construção. O trabalho consiste no estudo das etapas necessárias para garantir o sucesso da aplicação das técnicas de impermeabilização e o levantamento das normas técnicas NBR que regulam e normatizam a adequada execução e projeto, assim como os testes necessários para garantir a qualidade e desempenho da impermeabilização aplicada. Foi feito um estudo de caso detalhado, acompanhando cada etapa de construção de uma casa, apontando os detalhes de execução, desde os materiais aplicados até a execução. Em cima destas informações foi feita a comparação entre as técnicas e materiais recomendados pelas normas e as técnicas e materiais aplicados de fato durante a construção

PROFILE OF CONFIRMED PREGNANT WOMEN FOR ZIKA VIRUS AND PRENATAL CARE IN THE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE OF PALMAS, TOCANTINS, 2016

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever a assistência pré-natal e perfil das gestantes confirmadas para zika vírus na atenção primária à saúde de Palmas, Tocantins no ano de 2016. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com dados obtidos do SINAN, SISPRENATAL e SINASC. Foram confirmadas 63 gestantes com a infecção por Zika vírus por exame laboratorial. Resultados: A média de idade das gestantes foi de 26 anos. Os casos confirmados foram notificados predominantemente nas unidades de pronto atendimento (41,27%) e no hospital materno de referência (47,62%). Houve predomínio de gestantes pardas (61,90%), sem ensino médio completo (73,02%), em união estável (47,62%) e jovens (58,73%), que foram atendidas em quase totalidade nos serviços públicos de atenção secundária e terciária. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo mostraram a necessidade de melhoria para a assistência pré-natal às gestantes positivas na atenção primária e trouxe evidências do caráter da vulnerabilidade social da infecção pelo Zika vírus na capital do Tocantins.   Palavras-chave: Cuidado Pré-Natal; Epidemiologia; Zika vírus; Atenção Primária à Saúde. ABSTRACT Objective: describe the prenatal care and profile of confirmed pregnant women for zika virus in the primary health care of Palmas city, Tocantins, in the year 2016. Methods: This is a descriptive study, with data obtained from SINAN, SISPRENATAL and SINASC. Sixty-three pregnant women with Zika virus infection were confirmed by laboratory examination. Results: The mean age of pregnant women was 26 years. The confirmed cases were predominantly reported in the emergency care units (41.27%) and in the maternal reference hospital (47.62%). There was a predominance of brown pregnant women (61.90%), without complete secondary education (73.02%), in a stable union (47.62%) and young women (58.73%), who were attended almost entirely in public services of secondary and tertiary care. Conclusion: The results of this study showed the need for improvement for prenatal care to positive pregnant women in primary care and brought evidence of the social vulnerability of the Zika virus infection in the capital of Tocantins. Keywords: Prenatal care; Epidemiology; Zika virus; Primary Health Care.Objective: describe the prenatal care and profile of confirmed pregnant women for zika virus in the primary health care of Palmas city, Tocantins, in the year 2016. Methods: This is a descriptive study, with data obtained from SINAN, SISPRENATAL and SINASC. Sixty-three pregnant women with Zika virus infection were confirmed by laboratory examination. Results: The mean age of pregnant women was 26 years. The confirmed cases were predominantly reported in the emergency care units (41.27%) and in the maternal reference hospital (47.62%). There was a predominance of brown pregnant women (61.90%), without complete secondary education (73.02%), in a stable union (47.62%) and young women (58.73%), who were attended almost entirely in public services of secondary and tertiary care. Conclusion: The results of this study showed the need for improvement for prenatal care to positive pregnant women in primary care and brought evidence of the social vulnerability of the Zika virus infection in the capital of Tocantins

Front Neurol

Objective: Recent research suggests that sleep disorders or changes in sleep stages or EEG waveform precede over time the onset of the clinical signs of pathological cognitive impairment (e.g., Alzheimer's disease). The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers based on EEG power values and spindle characteristics during sleep that occur in the early stages of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults. Methods: This study was a case-control cross-sectional study with 1-year follow-up of cases. Patients with isolated subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) or MCI were recruited in the Bordeaux Memory Clinic (MEMENTO cohort). Cognitively normal controls were recruited. All participants were recorded with two successive polysomnography 1 year apart. Delta, theta, and sigma absolute spectral power and spindle characteristics (frequency, density, and amplitude) were analyzed from purified EEG during NREM and REM sleep periods during the entire second night. Results: Twenty-nine patients (8 males, age = 71 +/- 7 years) and 29 controls were recruited at T0. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that age-related cognitive impairment were associated with a reduced delta power (odds ratio (OR) 0.072, P < 0.05), theta power (OR 0.018, P < 0.01), sigma power (OR 0.033, P < 0.05), and spindle maximal amplitude (OR 0.002, P < 0.05) during NREM sleep. Variables were adjusted on age, gender, body mass index, educational level, and medication use. Seventeen patients were evaluated at 1-year follow-up. Correlations showed that changes in self-reported sleep complaints, sleep consolidation, and spindle characteristics (spectral power, maximal amplitude, duration, and frequency) were associated with cognitive impairment (P < 0.05). Conclusion: A reduction in slow-wave, theta and sigma activities, and a modification in spindle characteristics during NREM sleep are associated very early with a greater risk of the occurrence of cognitive impairment. Poor sleep consolidation, lower amplitude, and faster frequency of spindles may be early sleep biomarkers of worsening cognitive decline in older adults

Pivotal Role of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4, Its Adaptor Molecule MyD88, and Inflammasome Complex in Experimental Tubule-Interstitial Nephritis

Tubule-interstitial nephritis (TIN) results in decreased renal function and interstitial inflammation, which ultimately leads to fibrosis. Excessive adenine intake can cause TIN because xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) can convert this purine into an insoluble compound, which precipitates in the tubuli. Innate immune sensors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLR) and inflammasome complex, play a crucial role in the initiation of inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of TLR-2 and -4, Myd88 and inflammasome complex in an experimental model of TIN. Here, we show that wild-type (WT) mice fed adenine-enriched food exhibited significant renal dysfunction and enhanced cellular infiltration accompanied by collagen deposition. They also presented higher gene and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, TLR-2, -4, MyD88, ASC and Caspase-1 KO mice showed renoprotection associated with expression of inflammatory molecules at levels comparable to controls. Furthermore, treatment of WT animals with allopurinol, an XDH inhibitor, led to reduced levels of uric acid, oxidative stress, collagen deposition and a downregulation of the NF-kB signaling pathway. We concluded that MyD88 signaling and inflammasome participate in the development of TIN. Furthermore, inhibition of XDH seems to be a promising way to therapeutically target the developing inflammatory process

The relationship between salivary C-reactive protein and cognitive function in children aged 11-14 years: Does psychopathology have a moderating effect?

Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), a non-specific biomarker of systemic bodily inflammation, has been associated with more pronounced cognitive impairments in adults with psychiatric disorders, particularly in the domains of memory and executive function. Whether this association is present in early life (i.e., the time at which the cognitive impairments that characterise these disorders become evident), and is specific to those with emerging psychiatric disorders, has yet to be investigated. To this end, we examined the association between salivary CRP and cognitive function in children aged 11- 14 years and explored the moderating effect of psychopathology. The study utilised data from an established longitudinal investigation of children recruited from the community (N=107) that had purposively over-sampled individuals experiencing psychopathology (determined using questionnaires). CRP was measured in saliva samples and participants completed assessments of cognition (memory and executive function) and psychopathology (internalising and externalising symptoms and psychotic-like experiences). Linear regression models indicated that higher salivary CRP was associated with poorer letter fluency (β=-0.24, p=0.006) and scores on the inhibition (β=-0.28, p=0.004) and inhibition/switching (β=-0.36, p<0.001) subtests of the colour-word interference test, but not with performance on any of the memory tasks (working, visual, and verbal memory tasks). Results were largely unchanged after adjustment for psychopathology and no significant interactions between CRP and psychopathology were observed on any cognitive measure. Our findings provide preliminary evidence that elevated salivary CRP is associated with poorer cognitive function in early life, but that this association is not moderated by concurrent psychopathology. These findings have implications for early intervention strategies that attempt to ameliorate cognitive deficits associated with emerging psychiatric disorders. Further research is needed to determine whether salivary CRP levels can be used as a valid marker of peripheral inflammation among healthy adolescents

Autophagy and ATP-induced anti-apoptosis in antigen presenting cells (APC) follows the cytokine storm in patients after major trauma

Severe trauma and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) occur as a result of a cytokine storm which is in part due to ATP released from damaged tissue. This pathology also leads to increased numbers of immature antigen presenting cells (APC) sharing properties of dendritic cells (DC) or macrophages (MΦ). The occurrence of immature APC appears to coincide with the reactivation of herpes virus infections such as Epstein Barr virus (EBV). The aim of this study was the comparative analysis of the ultrastructural and functional characteristics of such immature APC. In addition, we investigated EBV infection/ reactivation and whether immature APC might be targets for natural killers (NK). Significant macroautophagy, mitochondrial degradation and multivesicular body formation together with the identification of herpes virus particles were morphological findings associated with immature APC. Exogenous stressors such as ATP further increased morphological signs of autophagy, including LC3 expression. Functional tests using fluorescent bacteria proved impaired phagolysosome fusion. However, immature APC were susceptible to NK-92-mediated cytolysis. We found evidence for EBV latency state II infection by detecting EBV-specific LMP1 and EBNA2 in immature APC and in whole blood of these patients. In summary, trauma-induced cytokine storms may induce maturation arrest of APC, promote ATP-induced autophagy, support EBV persistence and impair the degradation of phagocytozed bacteria through inefficient phagolysosome fusion. The susceptibility to NK-mediated cytolysis supports the hypothesis that NK function is likely to contribute to immune reconstitution after major trauma by regulating immature APC, and ATP-induced autophagy and survival