Pasado, presente y futuro del búfalo en Argentina

El búfalo comenzó a ser introducido al país a comienzo el siglo XX, mediante la importación razas Mediterránea, Murrah y Jafarabadi. En la actualidad la población bubalina alcanzó las de 87.711 cabezas y se encuentran distribuidas en 20 de las 23 provincias que componen el territorio nacional. El 80 % de la población de búfalos se encuentran en el nordeste argentino. Siendo las provincias de Formosa y Corrientes las que cuentan con la mayores poblaciones bubalinas. Existen en el país 8 millones de hectáreas aptas para soportar una carga de 4 millones de búfalos.The buffalo began to be introduced to the country in the early twentieth century, by importing Mediterranean, Murrah and Jafarabadi breeds. Today buffalo population reached 87.711 heads, which are distributed in 20 out of the 23 provinces that conforms the country. The 80% of the population of buffaloes is found in northeastern region, being the provinces of Formosa and Corrientes those with the largest buffalo population. The country has 8 million hectares suitable to withstand a load of 4 million buffaloes.Fil: Crudeli, G. A.. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Cs.veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Patiño, E. M.. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Cs.veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Maldonado Vargas, P.. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Cs.veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Konrad, José Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Cs.veterinarias; Argentin

GIS-based methodology for prioritization of preparedness interventions on road transport under wildfire events

Climate change is leading to a rise in the occurrence and intensity of wildfires, exacerbated by the growing encroachment of communities into the natural environment, posing challenges to our global capacity to respond to wildfires. During wildfire events, road transport infrastructure becomes crucial for the evacuation of people and accessibility to an emergency by first responders. Nevertheless, resilience management of transportation infrastructure affected by wildfires is poorly considered, despite its relevant role and high exposure to wildfires. Therefore, this study proposes a new methodology to estimate the priority level for wildfire preparation by combining exposure and criticality of road transportation infrastructure to wildfire hazards with consideration of different wildfire categories. The analysis is conducted at the system level considering interdependencies and redundancies among infrastructure components and using a geographic information system (GIS) to automate the modelling process and visualization of results. The proposed methodology is applied to a case study in the Leiria region of Portugal, demonstrating its utility in prioritizing economic resources and decision-making for areas requiring preparation. This approach can serve as a resilience-based tool for decision-making, supporting the implementation of effective adaptation strategies to enhance wildfire resilience.This work was partly financed by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC) under the R&D Unit Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering (ISISE), under reference UIDB/04029/2020, and under the Associate Laboratory Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems ARISE under reference LA/P/0112/2020. This work is financed by national funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology (Fundaç˜ao para a ciˆencia e tecnologia, FCT, Portugal), under grant agreement 2020.05755.BD attributed to the first author

Improving societal resilience through a GIS-based approach to manage road transport networks under wildfire hazards

Climate change is causing an increase in the frequency and intensity of wildfires, demonstrating that our capacity to respond to them is insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider wildfire management policies, practices, and decision-support tools, extending beyond emergency measures. This study presents the extension of a GIS-based methodology for fire analysis, providing decision-making support for the implementation of new fire-related policies for road transportation infrastructure. It represents a novel contribution that facilitates the transition towards proactive wildfire policies. The framework is demonstrated to support informed decision-making, addressing both reactive actions, i.e., emergency response, and the evaluation of proactive adaptation measures at a system level. The results suggest that landscape management policies can play an important role in improving the resilience of road networks to wildfires.FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia(LA/P/0112/2020)This work was partly financed by FCT / MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC) under the R&D Unit Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering (ISISE), under reference UIDB/04029/2020, and under the Associate Laboratory Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems ARISE under reference LA/P/0112/2020. This work is financed by national funds through the FCT, Foundation for Science and Technology, under grant agreement 2020.05755.BD attributed to the first author

Dynamic thresholds for the resilience assessment of road traffic networks to wildfires

The severe effects of extreme wildfire events in recent years have shown that the fire suppression approach is not enough to solve the problem. An alternative to dealing with this issue is to accept the impossibility of eliminating wildfire hazards and focus on preparing systems to be more resilient. However, existing decisionmaking tools based on resilience present important drawbacks that make them inadequate for this task. This paper proposes a new approach and methodology for the resilience assessment of road traffic networks to wildfires that overcomes the main drawbacks, paying attention to the different functions of the system and the acceptance of a specific loss of performance. The latter is done through the introduction of dynamic thresholds that reflect the different requirements of the system under different wildfire conditions, including normal and extreme fires. The methodology is exemplified for five traffic networks. The results support the relevance of appropriate wildfire management through the adaptation of the natural and built environment to increase the capacity of the traffic networks to cope with wildfires.This work was partly financed by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC) under the R&D Unit Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering (ISISE), under reference UIDB/04029/2020, and under the Associate Laboratory Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems ARISE under reference LA/P/0112/2020. This work is financed by national funds through FCT, Foundation for Science and Technology, under grant agreement 2020.05755.BD attributed to the first author

Policies towards the resilience of road-based transport networks to wildfire events: the Iberian case

Wildfires are becoming more intense and frequent. This problem has tested the knowledge, response capacity, and resilience achieved by society throughout history, making it clear that they are insufficient to face this new wildfire regime. The effectiveness of the related policies mainly focused on fire suppression rather than prevention is increasingly insufficient and questionable. Consequently, there is a clear lack of tools to assess the impact of wildfire preventive actions. Therefore, it is imperative to review wildfire management practices, policies, and the tools used to support decision-making in this regard. This study performs an analysis of wildfire policies applied in the Iberian Peninsula case (Portugal and Spain), including cross-border policies and the role of road transport networks. A novel simplified methodology is included to evaluate different normal and extreme forest fire management policies in road transport infrastructures. The methodology includes different parameters related to wildfires, such as sources of exposure, identification of natural and artificial barriers, and traffic conditions that capture the economic characteristics of the studied area. The information provided by the tool is useful for strategic investment planning, resource prioritization, and evacuation time management. In addition, due to its simplicity of application, it is a useful tool for cross-border areas.This work was partly financed by FCT / MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC) under the R\&D Unit Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering (ISISE), under reference UIDB / 04029/2020, and under the Associate Laboratory Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems ARISE under reference LA/P/0112/2020. This work is financed by national funds through FCT, Foundation for Science and Technology, under grant agreement 2020.05755.BD attributed to the first author

Neurofibroma plexiforme en mucosa yugal: presentación de un caso clínico

Presentamos un caso clínico de neurofibroma plexiforme localizado en región geniana, a nivel submucoso. Su interés radica en que, a pesar de ser el tumor de origen neurógeno más frecuente, es una entidad poco habitual y que rara vez se localiza a nivel intraoral. Por otra parte, la variedad plexiforme es todavía menos frecuente. Desde el punto de vista clínico, se manifiestan como lesiones anodinas, con escasa sintomatología, que cuando aparece es derivada de la compresión nerviosa. En nuestro caso el tumor era asintomático salvo por el tamaño. Radiológicamente no existe una imagen definitiva. Tiene relación con determinados síndromes poliglandulares y facomatosis. El tratamiento es básicamente quirúrgico aunque existen dudas de la idoneidad del mismo y se están buscando nuevas vías de tratamiento. Aprovechando la descripción del caso se realiza una revisión bibliográfica incidiendo en la epidemiología, comportamiento clínico, métodos diagnósticos, así como en el tratamiento de este tipo de tumores benignos.The case reported deals with a solitary plexiform neurofibroma affecting the cheek submucosa. Neurofibroma is an uncommon tumor which rarely appears in oral cavity but it represents the most common neurogenic tumor. Furthermore, plexiform variety is less frequent. Clinically, oral neurofibromas usually apperars as anodyne and asintomatic lesions. Sometimes, they produce nervous compression. In this case, tumor is big but asintomatic. There is no definitive radiologic image. It has association with poliglandular syndroms and phacomatosis. The treatment of choice is excision. There are doubts of the surgical results so that some authors are looking for new non-surgical treatments. The clinical characteristics, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment are described as soon as a bibliographic revision

Oral leiomyoma in retromolar trigone : a case report

Leiomyomas are bening tumours originated on smooth muscle. The most frequent site of appearance are uterine myometrium, gastrointestinal tract and skin. The highest incidence ocurs between 40 and 49 years of age. Its presentation is unusual in children or in older patients. Leiomyomas are unfrequent in the oral cavity, but in this location are usually localized on tongue, lips and palate. Leiomyomas use to appear as well-defined masses, with slow growth and totally asymptomatic. Pain is present just in rare cases. The treatment is surgical escision. Recurrences are extremely unfrequent. The diagnosis is mainly determined by histological studies due to its unspecific clinical appearance. Histopathologicaly proliferation of smooth muscle cells is observad without necrotic areas. A low number of mitotic figures can be seen. We present the case report of a 25-year old male patient, with a leiomioma on his right retromolar trigone.The low incidence of this pathology, the age of the patient and the inusual location, make the report of the case worthy

A Multi-Stage CTLE Design and Optimization for PCI Express Gen6.0 Link Equalization

The continuously increasing bandwidth demand from new applications has led to the development of the new peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) Gen6, reaching data rates of 64 giga-transfers per second (GT/s) and adopting the pulse amplitude modulation 4-level (PAM4) signaling scheme. While PAM4 solves the bandwidth requirements, it brings new challenges for the physical channel design. PAM4 is more susceptible to errors due to various noise sources caused by reduced voltage (and timing) ranges, yielding a higher bit error rate (BER). It also introduces new challenges in slicers, transition jitter, and equalizers, making of equalization (EQ) a critical process for PAM4 signaling. In this paper, we propose a multi-stage continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE) with high-band, mid-band, and low-band frequency boost stages to deal with highly lossy channels. Given the complexity of EQ of multi-level signals, optimization techniques are used, including an efficient optimization of the transmitter finite impulse response (FIR) filter and the receiver CTLE tuning.ITESO, A.C

Calidad del agua en el tramo bajo del Río Negro (Chaco, Argentina)

Las principales características físicas, químicas y biológicas fueron medidas entre noviembre de 1999 y mayo de 2002 en 4 sitios ubicados en el cauce principal del río Negro. En los sitios 1 y 2 los humedales y bosques con baja ocupación humana constituyen el paisaje característico que bordea al curso principal. Los sitios 3 y 4 están afectados por descargas domésticas e industriales, aunque la producción de tanino fue de menor volumen en los últimos años. La composición química del agua superficial estuvo influenciada por la estacionalidad de las lluvias y el lavado de suelos ricos en sales de los humedales hacia el canal del río. La conductividad eléctrica del agua durante las sequías fue más alta que la registrada después de las lluvias. La salinidad fluctuó de manera semejante entre 82,7 mg.l-1 y 6500 mg.l-1. La concentración promedio de fósforo total fue alta (1053 µg.l-1) y el pH neutro o ligeramente alcalino. En el sitio 4, el contenido de materia orgánica (DQO=385 mg.l-1) aumentó significativamente durante el periodo de aguas bajas. No se encontraron residuos de 27 plaguicidas y compuestos organoclorados en los sedimentos del fondo de los sitios muestreados. El contenido de Plomo y Cadmio de los sedimentos estuvo debajo del límite de detección. Los valores de Cromo varió entre 14 y 22 µg.g de sedimento seco, dependiendo del sitio estudiado. Diez especies de plantas acuáticas fueron recolectadas en el Sitio 1 que se caracterizó por baja velocidad de flujo. La riqueza de macrófitas disminuyó aguas abajo. La ocurrencia de algunas especies, tales como Hydrocotyle ranunculoides y Ceratophyllum demersum, estuvo relacionada con la buena disponibilidad de fósforo. La biomasa de algas indicada por la concentración de clorofila a fue baja en todos los sitios estudiados (inferior a 20 µg.l-1)

Actividad in vitro de diez plantas medicinales sobre diez cepas diferentes de Streptococcus pneumoniae

Objetivos: Determinar la efectividad antibacteriana de diez plantas medicinales frente a Streptococcus pneumoniae. Diseño: Estudio experimental Institución: Instituto de Medicina Tropical, UNMSM. Material biológico: Aislamientos bacterianos de Streptococcus pneumoniae, plantas medicinales. Intervenciones: Los extractos de 10 plantas medicinales fueron puestos en contacto in vitro mediante el método de disco difusión con 10 cepas de Streptococcus pneumoniae. Principales medidas de resultados: Actividad de las plantas medicinales sobre las cepas de Streptococcus pneumoniae. Resultados: Almendro y Bellaco caspi fueron las únicas plantas que dieron pequeño halo de inhibición con algunas cepas; con almendro se inhibió 2 cepas y con Bellaco caspi se inhibió 7 cepas y 3 resultaron resistentes. Estos resultados no tuvieron relación con el serotipo del neumococo ni con los antibióticos utilizados en los antibiogramas realizados previamente. Conclusiones: Bellaco caspi podría ser una alternativa para atacar al neumococo en la nasofaringe; pero, por haber presentado resistencia a 3 cepas de Streptococcus pneumoniae, antes de usarlo sería conveniente desarrollar un antibiograma de los neumococos contra las plantas medicinales. En los experimentos será recomendable emplear diferentes cepas de una misma bacteria