Cotidiano e saúde (s): Estudo Etnográfico dos usuários do SUS em um Município do Sul de Minas.

A Constituição Federal de 1988 garante a todo cidadão brasileiro o direito à saúde. Desta forma, através do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) regulamentado pelas Leis nº 8080/90 e nº 8142/92, o atendimento público obrigatório a todos os cidadãos passou a oferecer entre outros, a realização integrada das ações assistenciais e atividades preventivas em saúde. Todos usam o SUS através dos serviços desenvolvidos em suas diversas áreas como vigilância sanitária, campanhas de vacinação, vigilância epidemiológica, etc. O cenário encontrado atualmente na saúde pública brasileira é bastante dinâmico e complexo, exigindo por isso que a situação de saúde da população seja analisada continuamente. A padronização de metas nacionais em saúde pública pode facilitar a organização do serviço, com planilhas e relatórios padrões. Porém, a realidade local nem sempre favorece o cumprimento de tais objetivos. O cotidiano dos usuários do SUS municipal, demonstrado através de suas falas e atitudes, tende a favorecer a adequação dos métodos e facilitar a proposição de ações que melhor atendam a realidades tão específicas. Desta forma, este trabalho relata a pesquisa realizada sobre o cotidiano assistencial dos usuários do serviço público de saúde em um município de pequeno porte situado no Sul de Minas, com o objetivo de compreender as concepções de saúde destes usuários e profissionais da área. Por tratar-se de um trabalho marcadamente qualitativo, optou-se por um relato etnográfico dos discursos e experiências desses atores (usuários e profissionais da rede de assistência), cujos dados foram recolhidos por meio da observação participante nas unidades de saúde e em outros locais, e também através de entrevistas abertas e gravadas. De modo paralelo às investidas no campo foram analisadas também diversas fontes documentais. A amostra foi determinada por saturação

A cidade de Mariana pós-desastre: um relato etnográfico

Este relato etnográfico é resultado de uma incursão etnográfica na cidade de Mariana/MG, por ocasião da tragédia ocorrida no final do ano de 2015. A visita ocorreu entre nos dias 10 e 11/06/2017, para atividade da disciplina de pós-graduação “A dimensão cultural das práticas urbanas”, ministrada pelo Prof. Dr. José Guilherme Cantor Magnani. O encontro estava marcado a 01h00 na praça da matriz da cidade de São Sebastião do Rio Verde/MG de onde partimos em direção à cidade de Mariana/MG a 01h20..

Antirabic vaccination accident in cattle (Flury strain)

Em uma fazenda de criação de bovinos de raça zebuina (Bos indicus), situada no antigo Distrito Federal, atual Estado da Guanabara, foi estudado um acidente de vacinação provocado pela utilização de uma vacina avianizada, contra a Raiva, elaborada com vírus rábico modificado, amostra Flury, de baixa passagem em ovo. Foram vacinados 483 bovinos e 26 equídeos, adoecendo 52 bovinos, dos quais morreram 39, havendo a recuperação de 13 animais. Foram isoladas 17 amostras de vírus rábico de 29 animais necropsiados, inoculando-se camundongos adultos e lactentes, pela via intracerebral, com suspensões de encéfalo e de medula cervical. O estudo de uma destas amostras isoladas (material 1.330) revelou patogenicidade para coelhos, cobaios e hamsters, inoculados pelas vias intramuscular e intracraneana. O título da amostra de vírus em camundongos lactentes e adultos foi de 10-3.50 DL50 via intracerebral, na dose de 0,03 ml. No embrião de pinto, com 7 dias de incubação, a amostra de vírus cresceu com facilidade, quando inoculada pela via saco da gema.  A amostra da vacina que ocasionou o acidente foi também submetida às provas de inoculação em animais de laboratório. Comportou-se como vírus de baixa passagem em embrião de galinha, pois foi letal para camundongos lactentes e adultos, coelhos e cobaios, inoculados com a vacina pelas vias intracerebral e intramuscular, os quais sucumbiram com sintomatologia rábica. A inoculação de 10 amostras de sangue coletadas na fase inicial da doença não revelou a presença de vírus no sangue circulante. A identificação do agente isolado foi feita por prova de soro-neutralização e pela facilidade da amostra para crescer em embrião de galinha, indicando ser a mencionada amostra, um vírus rábico modificado.The authors studied an antirabic vaccination accident on a Zebu cattle breeding farm in the former Distrito Federal, to day State of Guanabara. The cattle had been vaccinated with avianized rabies vaccine elaborated with modified rabic virus (Flury strain), low egg passage. There were vaccinated 483 bovines and 26 horses. Of these, 52 bovines got sick, of which 39 died and 13 recovered. Post-mortem examinations were performed on 29 animals. Inoculation of brain and cervical spinal cord suspensions intracerebrally were made in adult and baby mice, and 17 strains of rabic virus were isolated. One of these isolated strains (material 1.330) was pathogenic for rabbits, guinea-pigs and hamsters, which had been inoculated intramuscularly and intracerebrally. The titer of the virus strain in baby and adult mice was 10-3.50 LD50 by intracerebral route, with 0.03 ml. This virus strain grew well in seven days old chick-embryo, when inoculated by yolk-sac route. The vaccine, which caused the accident, was also inoculated in laboratory animals. The vaccine contained low egg passage virus. The vaccine was lethal for baby and adult mice, rabbits and guinea-pigs, which had been inoculated intracerebrally and intramuscularly. They died showing rabic symptoms. Ten blood samples collected at the onset of the disease were inoculated in mice. No virus could be shown in the circulating blood. The identification of the isolated agent was determined by the serum-neutralization test and by its ability to grow well in chick-embryo. This indicates a modified rabic virus

Prevalência de sintomas depressivos asscoiados à institucionalização de idosos maculinos em uma cidade sulmineira / Prevalence of depressive symptoms associated with the institutionalization of elderly men in a south city

Na velhice ocorre diminuição gradual na qualidade de vida e o surgimento de estados depressivos por diversos motivos, sendo assim, este estudo objetivou conhecer o perfil de 39 idosos do sexo masculino que residem em instituições de longa permanência; além de descrever o perfil socioeconômico e identificar o grau de depressão apontado por meio da Escala de Depressão Geriátrica de Yesavage. Este estudo é descritivo e exploratório, e utilizou-se de questionário socioeconômico e questionário de exame mental. Os resultados analisados apontaram um percentual positivo de aceitação do processo de envelhecimento, porém, foram apontados sintomas depressivos. Concluiu-se que dos idosos pesquisado 30,76% apresentou quadro psicológico normal; 66,68% depressão leve e 2,56% depressão severa

Self-regulated learning perception of undergraduate dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic : a nationwide survey in Brazil

This study aimed to evaluate the perception of self-regulated learning of Brazilian undergraduate dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted. Data were collected in

Trends in mortality due to noncommunicable diseases in the Brazilian adult population : national and subnational estimates and projections for 2030

Background: Monitoring and reducing premature mortality due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a global priority of Agenda 2030. This study aimed to describe the mortality trends and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost due to NCDs between 1990 and 2017 for Brazil and to project those for 2030 as well as the risk factors (RFs) attributed deaths according to estimates of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Methods: We analyzed cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, neoplasms, and diabetes, and compared the mortality rates in 1990 and 2017 for all of Brazil and states. The study used the definition of premature mortality (30–69 years) that is used by the World Health Organization. The number of deaths, mortality rates, DALYs, and years of life lost (YLL) were used to compare 1990 and 2017. We analyzed the YLL for NCDs attributable to RFs. Results: There was a reduction of 35.3% from 509.1 deaths/100,000 inhabitants (1990) to 329.6 deaths/100,000 inhabitants due to NCDs in 2017. The DALY rate decreased by 33.6%, and the YLL rate decreased by 36.0%. There were reductions in NCDs rates in all 27 states. The main RFs related to premature deaths by NCDs in 2017 among women were high body mass index (BMI), dietary risks, high systolic blood pressure, and among men, dietary risks, high systolic blood pressure, tobacco, and high BMI. Trends in mortality rates due to NCDs declined during the study period; however, after 2015, the curve reversed, and rates fluctuated and tended to increase. Conclusion: Our findings highlighted a decline in premature mortality rates from NCDs nationwide and in all states. There was a greater reduction in deaths from cardiovascular diseases, followed by respiratory diseases, and we observed a minor reduction for those from diabetes and neoplasms. The observed fluctuations in mortality rates over the last 3 years indicate that if no further action is taken, we may not achieve the NCD Sustainable Development Goals. These findings draw attention to the consequences of austerity measures in a socially unequal setting with great regional disparities in which the majority of the population is dependent on state social policies

Cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in Brazil and states during 1990–2015 : a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015

Background: Reliable data on cause of death (COD) are fundamental for planning and resource allocation priorities. We used GBD 2015 estimates to examine levels and trends for the leading causes of death in Brazil from 1990 to 2015. Methods: We describe the main analytical approaches focused on both overall and specific causes of death for Brazil and Brazilian states. Results: There was an overall improvement in life expectancy at birth from 1990 to 2015, but with important heterogeneity among states. Reduced mortality due to diarrhea, lower respiratory infections, and other infectious diseases contributed the most for increasing life expectancy in most states from the North and Northeast regions. Reduced mortality due to cardiovascular diseases was the highest contributor in the South, Southeast, and Center West regions. However, among men, intentional injuries reduced life expectancy in 17 out of 27 states. Although age-standardized rates due to ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease declined over time, these remained the leading CODs in the country and states. In contrast, leading causes of premature mortality changed substantially - e.g., diarrheal diseases moved from 1st to 13th and then the 36th position in 1990, 2005, and 2015, respectively, while violence moved from 7th to 1st and to 2nd. Overall, the total age-standardized years of life lost (YLL) rate was reduced from 1990 to 2015, bringing the burden of premature deaths closer to expected rates given the country’s Socio-demographic Index (SDI). In 1990, IHD, stroke, diarrhea, neonatal preterm birth complications, road injury, and violence had ratios higher than the expected, while in 2015 only violence was higher, overall and in all states, according to the SDI. Conclusions: A widespread reduction of mortality levels occurred in Brazil from 1990 to 2015, particularly among children under 5 years old. Major shifts in mortality rates took place among communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders. The mortality profile has shifted to older ages with increases in non-communicable diseases as well as premature deaths due to violence. Policymakers should address health interventions accordingly

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio