Evaluación del impacto del barranquismo y la resiliencia de las comunidades acuáticas en un torrente del Parque Natural de la Sierra y Cañones de Guara

Las actividades de ocio al aire libre, como el barranquismo, forman parte importante del desarrollo económico de las zonas rurales, especialmente en el Parque Natural de la Sierra y Cañones de Guara (PNSCG; Huesca). Sin embargo, una demanda excesiva puede poner en peligro los valores ambientales que dan atractivo a la actividad. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el impacto que produce el continuo paso de barranquistas sobre el recubrimiento de perifiton y sobre la comunidad de macroinvertebrados bentónicos en uno de los barrancos más frecuentados del PNSCG, la Peonera. Se llevó a cabo la determinación de diversos índices de diversidad y calidad ecológica, así como el análisis de la estructura de la comunidad, antes y después de la temporada. Además, se realizó un experimento para determinar la resiliencia de la comunidad tras una perturbación continuada. Los resultados del experimento mostraron importantes efectos negativos del pisoteo en el perifiton y en los macroinvertebrados y un tiempo de recuperación mínimo de 30 días. El seguimiento de la temporada 2016 mostró efectos limitados de la actividad sobre la comunidad, empañados por otros factores naturales más relevantes, como el incremento progresivo del índice trófico, aguas abajo de la fuente de la Tamara

Synthesis and characterization of titanium(IV) complexes containing the diphenylphosphino- and diphenylthiophosphoryl-functionalized cyclopentadienyl ligand. Crystal and molecular structure of Ti(η5-C5H4PPh2)Cl3

The trimethylsilyl cyclopentadiene derivative C5H4(SiMe3)PPh2 (1) was treated with TiCl4 to give the air- and moisture-sensitive mono(cyclopentadienyl) compound Ti(η5-C5H4PPh2)Cl3 (4). Reaction of 4 with Mg(CH2C6H5)2(THF)2 gave Ti(η5-C5H4PPh2)(CH2C6H5)3 (5). Reactions of the lithium and thallium derivatives M{C5H4P(S)Ph2} (M=Li (2), Tl (3)) with one equiv. of TiCl4 afforded the mono(cyclopentadienyl) complex Ti{η5-C5H4P(S)Ph2}Cl3 (6), whereas reaction with 0.5 equiv. of TiCl4 gave the bis(cyclopentadienyl) complex Ti{η5-C5H4P(S)Ph2}2Cl2 (8). Compound 6 was also isolated as a minor product from the reaction of Ti{η5-C5H4P(S)Ph2}2Cl2 (8) with one equiv. of TiCl4. The major product was identified as an inseparable mixture of two compounds [Ti{η5-C5H4P(S)Ph2}2Cl2·TiCl4]n (7a and 7b). Reaction of Ti(η5-C5H5)Cl3 with 3 afforded the ‘mixed-ring’ bis(cyclopentadienyl) complex Ti{η5-C5H4P(S)Ph2}(η5-C5H5)Cl2 (9). Compounds 6–9 are very moisture-sensitive and easily decompose to form the cyclopentadiene C5H5P(S)Ph2. Structural data of these complexes indicate η5-coordination of the substituted cyclopentadienyl ligands and this coordination mode was confirmed by X-ray crystal structure analysis of compound 4.We gratefully acknowledge financial support by DGICYT (ref. no. PB-97-0776), Iberdrola, and the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie

Silicon opto-electronic wavelength tracker based on an asymmetric 2x3 Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

[EN] In this paper we report on the experimental demonstration of a Silicon-on-Insulator opto-electronic wavelength tracker for the optical telecommunication C-band. The device consist of a 2x3 Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) with 10 pm resolution and photo-detectors integrated on the same chip. The MZI is built interconnecting two Multimode Interference (MMI) couplers with two waveguides whose length difference is 56 mm. The first MMI has a coupling ratio of 95:05 to compensate for the propagation loss difference corresponding to the 56 mm. The wavelength tracker design provides three complementary, with 120◦ phase relations, responses. The MZI optical responses exhibit rejection as good as 15 dB, thanks to asymmetric design for the input coupler. Synchronized recorded DC electronic responses for the three photo-detector outputs reproduce the MZI de-phased characteristic, allowing for monitoring wavelength changes with sign.The authors acknowledge financial support by the Spanish CDTI NEOTEC start-up programme, the Spanish MICINN project TEC2010-21337, acronym ATOMIC, the Spanish MINECO project TEC2013-42332-P, acronym PIC4ESP, project FEDER UPVOV 10-3E-492 and project FEDER UPVOV 08-3E-008. B. Gargallo acknowledges financial support through FPI grant BES-2011-046100. J.S. Fandiño acknowledge financial support through FPU grant AP2010-1595.Doménech Gómez, JD.; Sánchez Fandiño, JA.; Gargallo Jaquotot, BA.; Baños López, R.; Muñoz Muñoz, P. (2014). Silicon opto-electronic wavelength tracker based on an asymmetric 2x3 Mach-Zehnder Interferometer. Waves. 6(1):29-34. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/56989S29346

Dispersive solid phase extraction/ fluorescence analysis of riboflavin using sepiolite as sorbent

The use of a natural clay, sepiolite (Sep), and graphene (G)/Sep mixtures as sorbents for the solid phase extraction in dispersive mode (dSPE) with fluorescence detection of a biologically interesting molecule, riboflavin, is reported. The retention of riboflavin by Sep is quantitative with different volumes of the sample and 10?50?mg of the clay. The desorption process has been performed using aqueous solutions of surfactants of different nature: anionic sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS), cationic hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) and non-ionic polyoxyethylene-23-lauryl eter (Brij L23). The non-ionic surfactant provides the highest riboflavin recoveries; upon optimization of the process, that takes less than half an hour, an extraction yield of 93% was attained using 40?mM Brij L23. The developed method has been applied to the analysis of beer, soya drink and infant milk samples with excellent accuracy (recoveries of 100%) and very good precision, avoiding the interferences of the matrix components that hinder the direct fluorescence analysis of riboflavin.Ministerio de Economía y Competitivida

Graphene/sepiolite mixtures as dispersive solid-phase extraction sorbents for the anaysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in wastewater using surfactant aqueous solutions for desorption

tDifferent graphene/sepiolite (G/Sep) solid mixtures have been prepared and tested as nanometric sor-bents for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using dispersive solid phase extraction(dSPE) and aqueous solutions of surfactants as environmentally friendly agents for desorption. Quantifi-cation of the PAHs was carried out by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with fluorescencedetection. The adsorption of four PAHs with increasing number of benzene rings into a G/Sep mixture(2/98, w/w) was investigated. A 100% retention was attained for phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr) andbenzo(a)pyrene (BaP), while for naphthalene (Nap) the maximum retention was close to 75%. The G/Sepmixtures can be used to remove the PAHs from wastewater. The desorption step was carried out usingan aqueous surfactant solution: 100 mM non-ionic polyoxiethylen-23-lauryl eter (Brij L23). Consideringthe whole extraction process, the highest PAH recoveries (50, 92, 83 and 76% for Nap, Phe, Pyr and BaP,respectively) were obtained using 100 mM Brij L23. The developed method shows very high sensitivity,robustness and precision, as well as low limits of detection and quantification, and has been successfullyapplied to the analysis of PAHs in wastewater samples.Ministerio de Economía y Competitivida

Needs for the training for the management of competences

El objetivo del estudio es conocer las expectativas y los problemas que obstaculizan el desempeño profesional de los directivos de Enfermería del Servicio Andaluz de Salud (SAS) mediante un estudio descriptivo-explicativo. Para ello se ha elaborado un cuestionario de evaluación de competencias mediante grupos de discusión y grupos Delphi cumplimentados por los directivos de Enfermería de los hospitales y distritos sanitarios del Servicio Andaluz de Salud. Los principales resultados obtenidos indican que la formación específica y la indefinición de funciones aparecen como principales dificultades. Por ello es necesario tener una visión operativa sobre las competencias profesionales, cometidos y una visión estratégica de la empresa. Se plantean como estrategias de intervención: el análisis , la descripción del puesto de trabajo y del perfil profesional de gestión, estableciendo las competencias necesarias para el desempeño; responsabilidades y requerimientos del puesto; la autoevaluación personal y evaluación institucional que midan resultados reales de la gestión enfermera; y la formación en competencias específica antes de tomar posesión de su cargo, relacionada con la gestión de los cuidados, la optimización del trabajo en los centros asistenciales y las actitudes que se desean potenciar

Impact of recovery correction or subjecting calibrators to sample preparation on measurement uncertainty: PAH determinations in waters

The decision on the fitness of a measurement for its intended use and the interpretation of an analytical result requires the assessment of the measurement uncertainty. Frequently, the determination of analytes in complex matrices involves demanding sample preparations in which analyte losses are observed. These losses should be considered when reporting the results, which can be corrected for low recovery by taking the mean recovery observed in the analysis of reference items (e.g. spiked samples) or, alternatively, by subjecting calibrators to the same pre-treatment performed on the samples. In these cases, neat (NC) or adjusted (AC) calibrators are used, respectively. The way analyte losses are handled impacts on the measurement uncertainty. The top-down evaluation of the measurement uncertainty involves combining precision, trueness and additional uncertainty components. The trueness component is quantified by pooling various analyte recovery determinations. This work assesses and compares the uncertainty of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) measurements in water based on HPLC-FD calibrations with NC or AC. The trueness component is estimated by pooling mean recoveries observed from the analysis of different spiked samples to which mean recovery uncertainty and degrees of freedom are used to estimate a weighted mean recovery and respective uncertainty. The performance of measurements based on NC and AC are associated with equivalent uncertainty except when large analyte losses are observed, namely in the determination of Naphtalene. In this case, the processing of AC reduces the expanded relative uncertainty from 9.9% to 3.5%. The evaluated expanded uncertainty ranged from 3.5% to 12% of the measured value.Ministerio de Economía y CompetitividadBanco SantanderFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologí

Plan museológico "Museo de la ciudad de Antequera": diagnóstico, programa arquitectónico y programa expositivo

El presente proyecto ha de ser entendido como una aproximación al Plan Museológico — herramienta esencial para la planificación y programación— propuesto por el Ministerio de Cultura a través de la Subdelegación General de Museos Estatales, como instrumento rector de la programación de los museos y como guía para el desarrollo de líneas de actuación estratégicas. A fecha de junio de 2014 el Museo de la Ciudad de Antequera no cuenta con una plan de actuación de carácter general sino con estudios parciales y sectoriales, como el Proyecto Museológico de la Sección de Arqueología realizado por D. Manuel Romero Pérez, o diversos planes destinados a la musealización de algunas salas, siendo el Proyecto de Creación presentado a la Junta de Andalucía en 1997 el que de momento desempeña esta función. En este sentido, el Proyecto Fin de Máster, elaborado durante la VII Edición del Máster de Museología de Granada, se concibe como una reflexión de carácter teórico, pero también como una herramienta de trabajo útil para solventar determinadas carencias y adecuar el Museo al desempeño de las funciones establecidas por el ICOM: conservación, investigación, exposición, comunicación y difusión. La realización de este trabajo —cuya práctica ha sido posible gracias al convenio establecido entre la Junta de Andalucía y el Museo de la Ciudad de Antequera en 2013—, ha supuesto la recopilación de material procedente del Archivo Histórico de Antequera, el Ayuntamiento de Antequera y el Museo de la Ciudad de Antequera, así como de la Dirección General de Instituciones Museísticas, Acción Cultural y Promoción del Arte dependiente de la Consejería de Educación, Cultura y Deporte de la Junta de Andalucía, y cuantos quiera otros organismos e instituciones recogidos en la bibliografía, a los que agradecemos su colaboración.Proyecto Fin de Máster de Museología. VII edición 2013-14. Univ. Granada. Facultad de Bellas Arte

Evolution of the Quorum network and the mobilome (plasmids and bacteriophages) in clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii during a decade

In this study, we compared eighteen clinical strains of A. baumannii belonging to the ST-2 clone and isolated from patients in the same intensive care unit (ICU) in 2000 (9 strains referred to collectively as Ab_GEIH-2000) and 2010 (9 strains referred to collectively as Ab_GEIH-2010), during the GEIH-REIPI project (Umbrella BioProject PRJNA422585). We observed two main molecular differences between the Ab_GEIH-2010 and the Ab_GEIH-2000 collections, acquired over the course of the decade long sampling interval and involving the mobilome: i) a plasmid harbouring genes for blaOXA 24/40 ss-lactamase and abKA/abkB proteins of a toxin-antitoxin system; and ii) two temperate bacteriophages, Ab105-1varphi (63 proteins) and Ab105-2varphi (93 proteins), containing important viral defence proteins. Moreover, all Ab_GEIH-2010 strains contained a Quorum functional network of Quorum Sensing (QS) and Quorum Quenching (QQ) mechanisms, including a new QQ enzyme, AidA, which acts as a bacterial defence mechanism against the exogenous 3-oxo-C12-HSL. Interestingly, the infective capacity of the bacteriophages isolated in this study (Ab105-1varphi and Ab105-2varphi) was higher in the Ab_GEIH-2010 strains (carrying a functional Quorum network) than in the Ab_GEIH-2000 strains (carrying a deficient Quorum network), in which the bacteriophages showed little or no infectivity. This is the first study about the evolution of the Quorum network and the mobilome in clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii during a decade

Expert-Agreed Practical Recommendations on the Use of Cladribine

Cladribine; Disease-modifying drugs; Relapsing multiple sclerosisCladribina; Medicaments modificadors de malalties; Esclerosi múltiple recurrentCladribina; Medicamentos modificadores de enfermedades; Esclerosis múltiple recurrenteCladribine is a disease-modifying selective immune reconstitution oral therapy for adult patients with highly active relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). It was approved in the USA in 2019 and in Europe in 2017, thus there are still gaps in existing guidelines for using cladribine tablets in clinical practice. Nine experts with extensive experience in managing patients with multiple sclerosis in Spain identified some of the unanswered questions related to the real-life use of cladribine tablets. They reviewed the available clinical trial data and real-world evidence, including their own experiences of using cladribine, over the course of three virtual meetings held between November 2020 and January 2021. This article gathers their practical recommendations to aid treatment decision-making and optimise the use of cladribine tablets in patients with RMS. The consensus recommendations cover the following areas: candidate patient profiles, switching strategies (to and from cladribine), managing response to cladribine and safety considerations.The publication of this article, as well as journal’s Rapid Service Fee, was funded by Merck, S.L.U., Mollet del Valles, Spain, an affiliate of Merck KGaA