Modelos para toma de decisiones en el litoral andaluz

Se han desarrollado tres modelos de dispersión de respuesta rápida que cubren el litoral andaluz en su totalidad para su uso en caso de emergencia tras un vertido radiactivo. Estos modelos pueden ayudar en el proceso de toma de decisiones tras un hipotético accidente en estas aguas. Esencialmente los modelos consisten en un modelo hidrodinámico que proporciona las corrientes en cada punto e instante de tiempo y el modelo de dispersión propiamente dicho, que se basa en técnicas lagrangianas. En este trabajo damos una breve descripción de los modelos y algunos ejemplos de resultados.Three rapid response dispersion models for the shores of Andalusia have been developed. These models have been designed to support the decision making process after a radioactive spill in these waters. Essentially, models are based upon a hydrodynamic model which provides the water currents at each position and time and the dispersion model, which makes use of lagrangian, or particle-tracking, techniques. A brief description of the models and some examples of applications are given in this paper.Junta de Andalucía RNM-41

Captador solar de bajo coste

Captador solar de bajo coste. La presente invención tiene por objeto un captador solar de bajo coste dispuesto horizontalmente sobre el suelo, que se compone básicamente de: a) un material aislante en la parte inferior, cubierto de plástico negro cuya misión es la de absorbedor; sobre el que se sitúan b) varias tuberías en disposición circular a lo largo del captador conectadas entre sí por sus extremos y conectadas a un circuito hidráulico mediante una disposición de retorno invertido, lo que asegura un adecuado comportamiento hidráulico del captador y c) una cubierta con sección transversal en forma de arco circular de material plástico transparente, para reducir las pérdidas de calor por convección. El captador de energía solar objeto de la invención ha sido desarrollado para apoyar la calefacción convencional de invernaderos fundamentalmente y reducir el consumo de combustibles fósiles.Españ

Do stones modify the spatial distribution of fire induced soil water repellency? Preliminary data

Water repellency is a property of many fire-affected soils that contributes to delayed wetting rates and shows many hydrological and geomorphological consequences. Fire-induced soil water repellency (SWR) may be modulated by pre-fire soil and vegetation properties. Many studies have been carried out to investigate the relationship between SWR and these properties. But, to our knowledge, no studies have considered the effect of surface stones in the spatial distribution of fire-induced SWR. In this research, we study the occurrence and spatial and vertical distribution of SWR and its consequences on soil structure after experimental burning in a previously wettable soil under different stone covers (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60%). In our experiment, burning induced critical or subcritical SWR in the upper millimetres of previously wettable soil. Fire-induced SWR did not vary with stone cover, but critical SWR was reached in inter-stone soil areas. At stone-covered soil areas, SWR was increased, but WDPTs remained mostly below the 5 s thresholdMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad CGL2010- 21670-C02-0

Earliest Known Use of Marine Resources by Neanderthals

Numerous studies along the northern Mediterranean borderland have documented the use of shellfish by Neanderthals but none of these finds are prior to Marine Isotopic Stage 3 (MIS 3). In this paper we present evidence that gathering and consumption of mollusks can now be traced back to the lowest level of the archaeological sequence at Bajondillo Cave (Málaga, Spain), dated during the MIS 6. The paper describes the taxonomical and taphonomical features of the mollusk assemblages from this level Bj19 and briefly touches upon those retrieved in levels Bj18 (MIS 5) and Bj17 (MIS 4), evidencing a continuity of the shellfishing activity that reaches to MIS 3. This evidence is substantiated on 29 datings through radiocarbon, thermoluminescence and U series methods. Obtained dates and paleoenvironmental records from the cave include isotopic, pollen, lithostratigraphic and sedimentological analyses and they are fully coherent with paleoclimate conditions expected for the different stages. We conclude that described use of shellfish resources by Neanderthals (H. neanderthalensis) in Southern Spain started ∼150 ka and were almost contemporaneous to Pinnacle Point (South Africa), when shellfishing is first documented in archaic modern humans

Efectos a corto y largo plazo del fuego sobre algunas propiedades del suelo: Incendios naturales e incendios experimentales bajo condiciones de campo y laboratorio

Mediante la presente tesis doctoral se ha pretendido realizar un estudio exhaustivo de los efectos a corto y largo plazo de los incendios forestales en las propiedades físicas de los suelos, considerando principalmente los efectos sobre la estabilidad es

Modelling surface radioactive, chemical and oil spills in the Strait of Gibraltar

A model that simulates the dispersion of chemical/radioactive and oil spills in the Strait of Gibraltar has been developed. Water currents over the Strait have been obtained from a hydrodynamic model. Computed tides and residual currents have been compared with observations in the area. The dispersion model, based on a particle-tracking technique, is solved off line. Standard tidal analysis, carried out over results provided by the hydrodynamic model, is applied to obtain currents at any time and position of the Strait. Specific processes for each contaminant (decay of radioactive material, oil evaporation and decomposition) are included and simulated by means of a stochastic method. A Monte Carlo method is applied for turbulent diffusion. The model can deal with instantaneous and continuous releases. MatLab graphic user interfaces have been developed to introduce input data and visualize simulation results. Some dispersion calculations have been carried out. In general, contaminants are flushed towards the east due to the residual currents. Nevertheless, dominant east winds tend to retain contamination in the Strait and to enhance mixing. This is also the case if the release occurs close to the coast, where currents are weaker than in the central part of the Strait.Junta de Andalucía RNM-41

A rapid response model for simulating radioactivity dispersion in the Strait of Gibraltar

GISPART (GIbraltar Strait PARticle Tracking model) is a three-dimensional particle-tracking code that simulates the dispersion of radionuclides in the Strait of Gibraltar. It consists of a hydrodynamic module that is run off-line to determine tidal constants and residuals in the domain. This information is stored in files that are read by the dispersion module to reconstruct water movements. A Lagrangian approach is used, thus, a radionuclide release is simulated by a number of particles, whose paths are computed individually. Radionuclide concentrations are obtained from the density of particles per water volume unit. Some examples of the results are shown. Matlab GUIs (graphical user interfaces) allow an easy application of the model and visualization of results

VRML: El laboratorio virtual como alternativa económica al laboratorio real

La formación de un Ingeniero Técnico pasa ineludiblemente por dos fases de estudio: El conocimiento teórico y el desarrollo de actividades prácticas. Si bien el conocimiento teórico queda en mayor o peor medida cubierto por las clases de “pizarra”, la problemática asociada al desarrollo de actividades prácticas es bien distinta. En esta ponencia planteamos una solución que se ha visto favorecida por el desarrollo de los ordenadores y los resultados obtenidos en el campo de la realidad virtual

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