Resonant activation in a simple kinetic model

We present a very simple Markovian kinetic model displaying a stochastic resonant behavior which is similar to the one found in the escape of a particle over a fluctuating potential barrier. The basic mechanism that is responsible for the existence of resonance is identified. This allows the generalization of the model in different ways, leading to a variety of models where a similar phenomenon is to be expected. It is also shown that the initial conditions play an important role in determining whether the resonant activation actually shows up.España Dirección General de Investigación Cientifíca y Técnica Grant No. PB92-068

Resonant behavior of a Poisson process driven by a periodic signal

The statistical properties of the residence times of a periodically modulated Poisson process (time-dependent shot noise) on a line segment are analyzed. They show the characteristic features of a resonant behavior, which is similar in many aspects to the stochastic resonance taking place in systems confined in monostable or multistable potentials. The dependence of the mean residence time on both the frequency of the periodic stimulus and its amplitude is studied in detail. The behavior of this parameter also displays the effects associated with the interplay between noise and deterministic modulation.Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica (Spain) through Grant No. PB92-068

Dietary fatty acid profile: effects on caecal fermentation and performance of young and fattening rabbits

[EN] The present work was performed to study the effect of dietary inclusion of different fatty acid combinations (saturated, n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids; PUFA) on caecal fermentation activity, feed intake, growth rate and feed efficiency of young rabbits around weaning (17 to 44 d) and fattening rabbits (28 to 63 d of age). Five diets were formulated using the same raw materials and including 3% of lard (A diet, rich in saturated fat), sunflower oil (S diet, rich in n-6 PUFA), linseed oil (L diet, rich in n-3 PUFA), sunflower oil and lard at 1:1 rate (SA diet), or linseed oil and lard at 1:1 rate (LA diet). In the first trial, the effect of the 5 diets on rabbit performance was evaluated in a fattening period from 28 to 63 d of age, with 490 rabbits allocated in individual cages; mortality rates were measured with 1670 rabbits (750 allocated in individual cages and 920 in collective cages, 8 rabbits/cage). In the second trial, 120 young rabbits were used from 17 to 44 d of age, weaned at 28 d, allocated in collective cages and randomly fed with A, S or L diets, evaluating performance and gut weight and caecum fermentation activity. The use of animal fat or vegetable oil and the richness in n-3 or n-6 PUFA of vegetable oils had no significant effect on the feed intake (130 g dry matter/d) and growth rate of fattening rabbits (45.5 g/d), but the inclusion of sunflower oil in diet improved feed conversion rate (2.79 for S diet vs. 2.87 for the rest of diets; P<0.01). Mortality rate was lower when vegetable oils were included in diet (34 and 37% for S and L diets respectively vs. 45% for A diet; P<0.05). Feed intake and growth rate increased quickly from 17 to 44 d, but only small occasional differences were recorded in growth rate of young rabbits, in favour of rabbits receiving animal fat from 17 to 21 d (P<0.05) or sunflower oil from 28 to 30 d (P<0.05). Caecal traits of rabbits at 30 and 44 d of age were similar for the different dietary groups, although butyric acid concentration in caecum content at 44 d was the lowest (P<0.05) with L diet.This work was supported by a Ministry of Science and Technology grant (AGL2003-06559-C02-02).Casado, C.; Moya, J.; Pascual, JJ.; Blas Ferrer, E.; Cervera Fras, MC. (2013). Dietary fatty acid profile: effects on caecal fermentation and performance of young and fattening rabbits. World Rabbit Science. 21(4):235-242. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2013.1437SWORD23524221

BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in males with familial breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. Results of a Spanish multicenter study

Producción CientíficaMale breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease that represents <1 % of all breast cancers (BCs). We analyze the results of a multicenter study performed in Spanish familial MBC including family history of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOCS) and clinicopathological features. We also study the relationship between BRCA1/BRCA2 mutational status in male relatives affected with cancer (MAC) and, family history and tumor types. The study included 312 men index cases with family history of HBOCS and 61 MAC BRCA1/2 mutation-carriers. Family history, histological grade (HG), clinicopathological and immunohistochemistry data were collected. BRCA1/2 mutation analyses were performed by direct sequencing or screening methods and the large rearrangements by multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification. We found 49 mutation-carriers (15.7 %), 95.9 % with BRCA2 mutations. BRCA2 mutation-carriers were associated with families with at least one MBC and one BC in female (type II; p = 0.05). Strong association were found between the presence of pathogenic mutations in MBCs and the advanced HG (p = 0.003). c.658_659delTG, c.2808_2811delACAA, c.6275_6276delTT and c.9026_9030delATCAT were the most prevalent mutations. In 61 MAC we found 20 mutations in BRCA1 and 41 in BRCA2. For MAC we show that mutational status was differentially associated with family history (p = 0.018) and tumor type, being BRCA2 mutations linked with BC and prostatic cancer (p = 0.018). MBC caused by BRCA1/2 mutations define two types of MBCs. The most frequent caused by BRCA2 mutation linked to type II families and the rarest one attributed to BRCA1 mutation. Tumor associated with MAC suggest that only BRCA2 mutations have to do with a specific type of cancer (BC and prostatic cancer); but the linkage to tumors is questionable for BRCA1 mutations

Safety and Revisit Related to Discharge the Sixty-one Spanish Emergency Department Medical Centers Without Hospitalization in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia. A Prospective Cohort Study UMC-Pneumonia COVID-19

Background: Information is needed on the safety and efficacy of direct discharge from the emergency department (ED) of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the variables associated with discharge from the ED in patients presenting with COVID-19 pneumonia, and study ED revisits related to COVID-19 at 30 days (EDR30d). Methods: Multicenter study of the SIESTA cohort including 1198 randomly selected COVID patients in 61 EDs of Spanish medical centers from March 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020. We collected baseline and related characteristics of the acute episode and calculated the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for ED discharge. In addition, we analyzed the variables related to EDR30d in discharged patients. Results: We analyzed 859 patients presenting with COVID-19 pneumonia, 84 (9.8%) of whom were discharged from the ED. The variables independently associated with discharge were being a woman (aOR 1.890; 95%CI 1.176-3.037), age 1200/mm(3) (aOR 4.667; 95%CI 1.045-20.839). The EDR30d of the ED discharged group was 40.0%, being lower in women (aOR 0.368; 95%CI 0.142-0.953). A total of 130 hospitalized patients died (16.8%) as did two in the group discharged from the ED (2.4%) (OR 0.121; 95%CI 0.029-0.498). Conclusion: Discharge from the ED in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was infrequent and was associated with few variables of the episode. The EDR30d was high, albeit with a low mortality

La investigación en la Universidad

[Actas de:] "La Universidad española a examen: Jornadas sobre la Investigación en la Universidad" (25 y 26 de febrero de 1999: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid)Con motivo del X aniversario de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, el Instituto Antonio de Nebrija de Estudios sobre la Universidad organizó durante los días 25 y 26 de febrero de 1999 un encuentro titulado La universidad española a examen: Jornadas sobre investigación en la Universidad. En el encuentro celebrado participaron representantes de distintos ámbitos científicos, con el fin de ofrecer una visión más completa del panorama actual de la investigación en la Universidad, dejando constancia de las opiniones de la empresa, las universidades, las instituciones políticas, los organismos públicos de investigación. Este libro recoge sus resultados.Prólogo / Carmen Merino. -- Programa. -- Presentación / Gregorio Peces-Barba. -- La Investigación en la Universidad. Una opinion / César Nombela. -- Los Institutos Universitarios como estructuras organizativas de la investigación / José Manuel González Ros. -- Valoración de la investigación en la universidad española / Pedro Ramos Castellanos. -- Universidad e investigación. Por la diversidad y la rebeldía / Juan Urrutia. -- La universidad española, una fuente de tecnología necesaria para la empresa / Juan Mulet Meliá. -- Relaciones universidad y empresa. Una aportación empresarial / Ángel Martínez Román. -- Algunas reflexiones sobre el III Plan Regional de Investigación Científica e Innovación Tecnológica / Enrique Otero. -- Centros de Apoyo a la Investigación (CAI) / Juan Carlos Prieto Villapún. -- Infraestructuras científicas necesarias en la Comunidad de Madrid / Rodolfo Miranda. -- Importancia de los recursos humanos en relación con la I+D en Universidades / José Luis Sotelo. -- Investigación y Universidad / Alfonso Ruiz Miguel. -- Sobre el actual sistema de financiación de I+D / José Ramón Casar Corredera. -- Universidad e investigación: Hacia unas nuevas referencias en el contexto del Sistema Ciencia-Tecnología-Sociedad / Francisco Marcellán. -- Políticas de I+D en la Comunidad de Madrid / Francisco Rubia Vila. -- Perspectivas del Nuevo Plan Nacional de I+D / Javier Pascual Casado. -- Primer debate. Moderador Enrique Villalba. -- Segundo debate. Moderadora Adela Mora. -- Tercer debate. Moderador Francisco Marcellán. -- Clausura / Francisco Marcellán. -- Epílogo / Clara Eugenia Garcí

La docencia en emprendimiento y emprendimiento social en los ecosistemas universitarios de referencia: Aplicación de las metodologías docentes de aprender a emprender en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid.

Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y EmpresarialesFALSEsubmitte

Impact of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the outcome of neurosurgical patients: A nationwide study in Spain

Objective To assess the effect of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the outcome of neurosurgical patients in Spain. Settings The initial flood of COVID-19 patients overwhelmed an unprepared healthcare system. Different measures were taken to deal with this overburden. The effect of these measures on neurosurgical patients, as well as the effect of COVID-19 itself, has not been thoroughly studied. Participants This was a multicentre, nationwide, observational retrospective study of patients who underwent any neurosurgical operation from March to July 2020. Interventions An exploratory factorial analysis was performed to select the most relevant variables of the sample. Primary and secondary outcome measures Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of mortality and postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results Sixteen hospitals registered 1677 operated patients. The overall mortality was 6.4%, and 2.9% (44 patients) suffered a perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of those infections, 24 were diagnosed postoperatively. Age (OR 1.05), perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 4.7), community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) (OR 1.006), postoperative neurological worsening (OR 5.9), postoperative need for airway support (OR 5.38), ASA grade =3 (OR 2.5) and preoperative GCS 3-8 (OR 2.82) were independently associated with mortality. For SARS-CoV-2 postoperative infection, screening swab test <72 hours preoperatively (OR 0.76), community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) (OR 1.011), preoperative cognitive impairment (OR 2.784), postoperative sepsis (OR 3.807) and an absence of postoperative complications (OR 0.188) were independently associated. Conclusions Perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in neurosurgical patients was associated with an increase in mortality by almost fivefold. Community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) was a statistically independent predictor of mortality. Trial registration number CEIM 20/217