Le patrimoine industriel - minier Facteur de développement territorial : Complexité et enjeux en Roumanie, en comparaison avec la France et la Grande-Bretagne

Thesis topic is of great interest : What is the future of former mining settlements, small and medium, from Romania and Europe? What role can have the industrial mining heritage - in this context ? The motivations of the study are multiple: the weak knowledge of the scale and effects of the abandonment of mining areas, the poor knowledge of Romanian industrial- mining heritage, etc.For analyzing the evolution of the Romanian mining industry, it is required its inclusion in the European context, using as references Great Britain and France. The methodology is different depending on the country.The thesis is structured in three parts and conclusions. The first part contains a research of the historical evolution of the mining industry. In the second part, the study is restrained at the three countries: Great Britain, Franceand Romania. Based on English, Scottish and especially French case studies are highlighted working methods and strategies which promote the mining heritage, in the context of territorial development.ln the third part, the study is restrained at Romania. A fïrst step is the inventory of mining settlements from three counties to establish the type portrait of Romanian mining settlement. AIso this part contains the research and the intervention methodology for the Romanian case and the proposing of strategies for the regions of Ghelari, Brad and Jiu Valley.The conclusions of the thesis are diverse from the implications of the mining industry at European level, types of interventions on the mining heritage, economic and social methods, Romanian mining settlements characteristics and similarities in Europe, strategies and recommendations.Le sujet de la thèse est de grand intérêt : Quel est l'avenir d'anciennes colonies minières, petites et moyennes? Quel rôle peut avoir le patrimoine industriel - minier dans ce contexte?. Les raisons de l'étude sont multiples: la faible connaissance de l'étendue et de l'impact de l'abandon des zones minières, la faible connaissance du patrimoine industriel-minier roumain, etc...Pour analyser l'évolution de l'industrie minière roumaine, il est nécessaire son inclusion dans le contexte européen, en utilisant comme points de repère la Grande Bretagne et la France. La méthodologie est différente selon le pays.La thèse est structurée en trois parties. La première contient une étude de l'évolution historique de l'industrie minière. Dans la seconde partie, l'étude est limitée aux trois pays : la Grande Bretagne, la France et la Roumanie. Basé sur des études de cas en anglais, écossaise et surtout français, sont mis en évidence des méthodes de travail et des stratégies pour la mise en valeur du patrimoine minier, dans le contexte du développement territorial. Dans la troisième partie, l'étude est limitée à la Roumanie. Une première étape consiste en l'inventaire des établissements miniers de trois comtés pour établir le portrait type. Aussi cette partie inclut la proposition de méthodologie de recherche et d'intervention pour le cas roumain et la proposition des stratégies pour les régions Ghelari, Brad et Valea Jiului.Les conclusions de la thèse sont diverses, parmi elles les implications de l'industrie minière au niveau européen, types d'interventions sur le patrimoine minier, méthodes économiques et sociaux, stratégies et recommandations

Considerations on Planning Internal Public Audit – Risks Arising from the Use of Technological Tools and Legislative Changes

The planning of the public internal audit activity includes audit missions on the activities of the public entity as well as on the activities carried out within the subordinated public entities under the coordination or under its authority. In order to ensure the compliance with the applicable legislation, the planning of the public internal audit activity should include missions regarding the information systems and during the internal audit engagements, it will be assessed whether information technology supports the entity's strategies and objectives. The usage of information technologies within a public entity includes the selection of solutions designed to the activities which are carried out (mobile devices, Cloud technologies, software applications). Effective use of these products through the usage of all the functionalities available and relevant to the entity improves the activities of all structures, including internal audit work

Spatio-Temporal Evolution of Sediments Pollution with Mobile Heavy Metals in an Abandoned Mining Area from Romania

The present chapter focuses on spatio-temporal evolution of sediments pollution with mobile heavy metals in five sampling campaigns, in an abandoned gold-bearing mining area from Certeju de Jos, Hunedoara County. The investigated zone is situated in a region where for a long period intense activities of mining exploitation was conducted. For determination of total metals content, sediment samples were dissolved with ultrapure nitric acid to microwave digestion. For the determination of mobile metals concentrations, it used the first step of BCR 701 sequential extraction scheme in a modified form, by reducing the extraction time from 16 hours to 20 minutes by sonication. The total and mobile concentrations of metals were determined by using ICP-MS. The concentrations of the mobile fractions of Cd, As and Cu are between 60 and 98% for Cd, 10 and 38% for As and up to 44% for Cu, indicating their presence in a bioavailable form. Due to the high mobility, these metals can pass from sediment to surface water and, implicitly, to the aquatic ecosystems. The pollution indices, calculated for the total content of As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb, indicate the presence of a strong environmental risk of sediment degradation in most investigated site

The industrial - mining heritage Factor of territorial development : Complexity and challenges in Romania, in comparison with France and Great Britain

Le sujet de la thèse est de grand intérêt : Quel est l'avenir d'anciennes colonies minières, petites et moyennes? Quel rôle peut avoir le patrimoine industriel - minier dans ce contexte?. Les raisons de l'étude sont multiples: la faible connaissance de l'étendue et de l'impact de l'abandon des zones minières, la faible connaissance du patrimoine industriel-minier roumain, etc...Pour analyser l'évolution de l'industrie minière roumaine, il est nécessaire son inclusion dans le contexte européen, en utilisant comme points de repère la Grande Bretagne et la France. La méthodologie est différente selon le pays.La thèse est structurée en trois parties. La première contient une étude de l'évolution historique de l'industrie minière. Dans la seconde partie, l'étude est limitée aux trois pays : la Grande Bretagne, la France et la Roumanie. Basé sur des études de cas en anglais, écossaise et surtout français, sont mis en évidence des méthodes de travail et des stratégies pour la mise en valeur du patrimoine minier, dans le contexte du développement territorial. Dans la troisième partie, l'étude est limitée à la Roumanie. Une première étape consiste en l'inventaire des établissements miniers de trois comtés pour établir le portrait type. Aussi cette partie inclut la proposition de méthodologie de recherche et d'intervention pour le cas roumain et la proposition des stratégies pour les régions Ghelari, Brad et Valea Jiului.Les conclusions de la thèse sont diverses, parmi elles les implications de l'industrie minière au niveau européen, types d'interventions sur le patrimoine minier, méthodes économiques et sociaux, stratégies et recommandations.Thesis topic is of great interest : What is the future of former mining settlements, small and medium, from Romania and Europe? What role can have the industrial mining heritage - in this context ? The motivations of the study are multiple: the weak knowledge of the scale and effects of the abandonment of mining areas, the poor knowledge of Romanian industrial- mining heritage, etc.For analyzing the evolution of the Romanian mining industry, it is required its inclusion in the European context, using as references Great Britain and France. The methodology is different depending on the country.The thesis is structured in three parts and conclusions. The first part contains a research of the historical evolution of the mining industry. In the second part, the study is restrained at the three countries: Great Britain, Franceand Romania. Based on English, Scottish and especially French case studies are highlighted working methods and strategies which promote the mining heritage, in the context of territorial development.ln the third part, the study is restrained at Romania. A fïrst step is the inventory of mining settlements from three counties to establish the type portrait of Romanian mining settlement. AIso this part contains the research and the intervention methodology for the Romanian case and the proposing of strategies for the regions of Ghelari, Brad and Jiu Valley.The conclusions of the thesis are diverse from the implications of the mining industry at European level, types of interventions on the mining heritage, economic and social methods, Romanian mining settlements characteristics and similarities in Europe, strategies and recommendations

Vizita in comunitate: manifestari ale patrimoniului industrial intangibil din Anina

During the last edition of the cultural project “Anina, Mine of Ideas” (2018), the coordinators focused on the more complex issue of how to record and narrate the intangible aspects of the industrial heritage from Anina (Romania), already approached and studied in its tangible manifestations during the previous editions of the project (2014 – 2017). Questions such as: “How to give voice to the post-industrial community?”, “How to record the intangible aspects of the industrial heritage?" or “How to use the local memory in the further on territorial revitalization strategies?” became main guidelines in the field research and cultural events organized at Anina during 2018. Thus, it was initiated an interdisciplinary study of the local community with the main purpose of identifying the current significance of the post-industrial spaces and places. To this was associated a wider photographic recording activity that tried to fix in time and space the members of the community that participated in the study. The current publication illustrate the method used in this tentative of memory recording from Anina that brought together a solid know-how exchange between the field of cultural heritage studies, anthropology, architecture and photography. Furthermore, the publication presents the conclusions of the field research, stressing and illustrating through photography the intangible aspects considered sensitive and strategic in the further on cultural heritage enhancement initiatives (locally and regionally)

Peisajul industrial Anina: reprezentări şi interpretări patrimoniale

The present publication is focused on the case study of Anina (Romania), best known for its long tradition in mining activity, which influenced directly the settlement, the local community and its urban life, currently highly challenged by the mine closing in 2007. Colonized since 1773, the town was populated by Germans, Austrians, Czechs, Slovaks, and Romanians initially brought here for timber exploitation and, in a later phase, for coal mining. Although now it may seem to many a mere relic with no future, Anina includes 49 buildings and sites present on the List of Historical Monuments - a record number for the official recognition of the patrimonial value of the industrial legacy in Romanian context. Moreover, Anina is characterized by the juxtaposition of multiple identity elements from various eras, and is appreciated by locals for the quality of its natural elements - air, water and landscape. Therefore, already acknowledged for its patrimonial values, but lacking an intervention strategy, the publication tries to read and interpret for the larger audience - local community, local administration, local and national stakeholders - the (post)industrial landscape of Anina found in continuous transformation. Through the contribution of several Romanian and Italian specialists in the field of cultural heritage, industrial archaeology and industrial photography, the (post)industrial landscape of Anina is illustrated from the larger territorial scale to the more specific details of its technological legacy. In this manner, approaching all aspects of its tangible manifestation, the publication intends to create a common vocabulary for all actors involved in the local, but also national, initiatives that look into the destiny of the former industrial town. Moreover, for the first time in Romanian context, the publication brings forward the issue of industrial landscape as a live organism in need of being understood and approached in itself, emphasizing the importance of every single material testimony as component elements of the wider perspective. This aspect is further illustrated through a variety of photographic methods used for Anina’s industrial landscape recording during the interval 2014 – 2016, fixing in space and time a certain aspect of the town’s post-industrial transformation

Mina de idei Anina. Peisajul industrial Anina: reprezentări şi interpretări patrimoniale

‘Anina, Mine of Ideas’(En) / ‘Mina de idei Anina’ (Ro) is the name given to the series of events organised by Alba Verde Association starting from May 2014 and meant to enable the local identity rekindling and the economic, social and cultural regeneration of the post‐industrial town of Anina (Romania) through its community direct involvement. The main goal of the project, with an international and interdisciplinary participation, is that to reconnect from an economic, social and cultural perspective an isolated area to the regional and national territory through a series of actions meant for the local architectural heritage enhancement. The project seeks the capitalization of the industrial heritage as tangible connection element between the actual postindustrial community and the past, as basis for the adoption of an “ethical” intervention attitude towards the existing built environment; the provision of the key elements necessary to a local level post‐industrial regeneration strategy; the assumption of a specific methodology for the industrial heritage understanding and approach by architecture students, but also by local authorities, and the knowledge transfer between the didactic‐academic sector and the decision and professional one, regarding sustainable post‐industrial regeneration. Considered as one of the main cultural initiative in Romania focused on the issue of the post-industrial reality, the project was selected to be presented in the volume dedicated to the industrial archaeology by “Arhitectura” magazine. Therefore, the article presents the different phases of the cultural project, especially those concentrated on the photographic survey and recording of Anina industrial landscape occurred during 2014 - 2016, and stressing the many different methods used by the specialists involved in the project. Furthermore, the article illustrates the manner in which Anina industrial landscape is approached and interpreted from a patrimonial perspective in all its tangible manifestations, presenting its peculiarities and main features as possible references for the local / national stakeholders in the territorial revitalization strategies to come

Bioavailability, Accumulation and Distribution of Toxic Metals (As, Cd, Ni and Pb) and Their Impact on Sinapis alba Plant Nutrient Metabolism

This study presents the behavior of white mustard seedlings Sinapis alba grown for three months in laboratory polluted soil containing As, Cd, Ni and Pb. Four different experiments were performed in which As was combined with the other three toxic metals in different combinations (As, AsCd, AsCdNi, AsCdNiPb), keeping the same concentrations of As and Cd in all tests and following the national soil quality regulations. The effects of these metals were monitored by the analytical control of metal concentrations in soil and plants, bioavailability tests of mobile metal fractions using three different extracting solutions (DTPA + TEA + CaCl2-DTPA, DTPA + CaCl2-CAT, and CH3COONH4 + EDTA-EDTA) and calculation of bioaccumulation and translocation factors. Additionally, micro, and macro-nutrients both in soil and plant (root, stem, leaves, flowers and seeds) were analyzed in order to evaluate the impact of toxic metals on plant nutrient metabolism. Metals were significantly and differently accumulated in the plant tissues, especially under AsCdNi and AsCdNiPb treatments. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in the concentration of both As and Cd were highlighted. Translocation could be influenced by the presence of other toxic metals, such as Cd, but also of essential metals, through the competition and antagonism processes existing in plant tissues. Significantly, more Cd and Ni levels were detected in leaves and flowers. Cd was also detected in seeds above the WHO limit, but the results are not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The extraction of metallic nutrients (Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, Mg, K, Fe, Ca, Cr) in the plant was not influenced by the presence of toxic metal combinations, on the contrary, their translocation was more efficient in the aerial parts of the plants. No phytotoxic effects were recorded during the exposure period. The most efficient methods of metal extraction from soil were for As-CAT; Cd-all methods; Pb and Ni-DTPA. The Pearson correlations (r) between applied extraction methods and metal detection in plants showed positive correlations for all toxic metals as follows: As-CAT > DTPA > EDTA, Cd-DTPA > CAT > EDTA, Ni-EDTA = DTPA > CAT, Pb-EDTA = DTPA = CAT). The results revealed that Sinapis alba has a good ability to accumulate the most bioavailable metals Cd and Ni, to stabilize As at the root level and to block Pb in soil