1,288 research outputs found
Effects of visual and motion simulation cueing systems on pilot performance during takeoffs with engine failures
Data are presented that show the effects of visual and motion during cueing on pilot performance during takeoffs with engine failures. Four groups of USAF pilots flew a simulated KC-135 using four different cueing systems. The most basic of these systems was of the instrument-only type. Visual scene simulation and/or motion simulation was added to produce the other systems. Learning curves, mean performance, and subjective data are examined. The results show that the addition of visual cueing results in significant improvement in pilot performance, but the combined use of visual and motion cueing results in far better performance
Temporal constraints of the word blindness posthypnotic suggestion on Stroop task performance
The present work investigated possible temporal constraints on the posthypnotic word blindness
suggestion effect. In a completely within-subjects and counterbalanced design 19 highly suggestible
individuals performed the Stroop task both with and without a posthypnotic suggestion that they
would be unable to read the word dimension of the Stroop stimulus, both when response–stimulus
interval (RSI) was short (500 ms) or equivalent to previous studies (3500 ms). The suggestion
reduced Stroop interference in the short RSI condition (54 vs. 6 ms) but not in the long RSI condition
(52 vs. 56 ms), and did not affect Stroop facilitation. Our results suggest that response to the
suggestion involves reactive top-down control processes that persist only if levels of activation can
be maintained
Application of the ex-Gaussian function to the effect of the word blindness suggestion on Stroop task performance suggests no word blindness
The aim of the present paper was to apply the ex-Gaussian function to data reported by Parris et al. (2012) given its utility in studies involving the Stroop task. Parris et al. showed an effect of the word blindness suggestion when Response-Stimulus Interval (RSI) was 500 ms but not when it was 3500 ms. Analysis revealed that: (1) The effect of the suggestion on interference is observed in μ, supporting converging evidence indicating the suggestion operates over response competition mechanisms; and, (2) Contrary to Parris et al. an effect of the suggestion was observed in μ when RSI was 3500 ms. The reanalysis of the data from Parris et al. (2012) supports the utility of ex-Gaussian analysis in revealing effects that might otherwise be thought of as absent. We suggest that word reading itself is not suppressed by the suggestion but instead that response conflict is dealt with more effectively. © 2013 Parris, Dienes and Hodgson
Facilitating goal-oriented behaviour in the Stroop task: when executive control is influenced by automatic processing.
A portion of Stroop interference is thought to arise from a failure to maintain goal-oriented behaviour (or goal neglect). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether goal- relevant primes could enhance goal maintenance and reduce the Stroop interference effect. Here it is shown that primes related to the goal of responding quickly in the Stroop task (e.g. fast, quick, hurry) substantially reduced Stroop interference by reducing reaction times to incongruent trials but increasing reaction times to congruent and neutral trials. No effects of the primes were observed on errors. The effects on incongruent, congruent and neutral trials are explained in terms of the influence of the primes on goal maintenance. The results show that goal priming can facilitate goal-oriented behaviour and indicate that automatic processing can modulate executive control
F as in Fat: How Obesity Policies Are Failing in America, 2005
Examines national and state obesity rates and government policies. Challenges the research community to focus on major research questions to inform policy decisions, and policymakers to pursue actions to combat the obesity crisis
Great Blue Herons as Environmental Indicators : Importance of Feeding Site Location
The work upon which this publication is based was supported in part by funds provided by the Office of Water Research and Technology (A-49-Ohio), U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., as authorized by the Water Research and Development Act of 1978.(print) vi, 69 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.Table of Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- Introduction -- Methods and Materials -- Results and Discussion -- Summary -- Literature Cite
Working in teams : the influence of rhetoric-from sensemaking to sadness
At a time when teams are increasingly and routinely being used in Public Administration (PA) organizations, the prevailing wisdom about teams continues to confirm that teams axiomatically bring increases and improvements in effectiveness, productivity and communication. There has been relatively little critical address of whether these benefits actually accrue, nor what the experience of team members actually is. The PA literature, in particular, remains silent on this important issue. This paper shares findings from an exploratory phenomenological study. Members of teams in organizations were interviewed and asked about their experiences of working in teams. In contrast to the current wisdom, not only did team members not report the anticipated improvements and benefits, their stories tended to highlight the negative influence that the rhetoric surrounding teams might have on individuals. This paper shares the responses of team members to that rhetoric, revealing themes of "Teams, Rhetoric and Sensemaking," a challenge to the notion of "Teams as One Big Happy Family?" while identifying "Teams as Crucibles of Resignation and Sadness." These findings indicate the continuing need for further research into understanding the experience of individuals within various team and organizational structures, especially as they operate in PA organizations.<br /
Middle managerial careers in the 21st century
Managerial careers no longer conform to traditional career paths, progressing within the hierarchical structure of one or two organisations. Instead, organisational restructuring and changed business practices have impacted middle managers\u27 job security and the need to take personal responsibility for their careers. Concurrently. the nature ofmiddle managerial work has altered - bringing increasing intensity and a requirement to manage within new workplace practices such as flexibility initiatives and short-term managerial contracts. These changes have implications for how human resource professionals both attract and retain talented managers. This paper argues for a critical re-consideration ofthe distinct nature ofmiddle managerial careers
Traversal Times for Random Walks on Small-World Networks
We study the mean traversal time for a class of random walks on Newman-Watts
small-world networks, in which steps around the edge of the network occur with
a transition rate F that is different from the rate f for steps across
small-world connections. When f >> F, the mean time to traverse the network
exhibits a transition associated with percolation of the random graph (i.e.,
small-world) part of the network, and a collapse of the data onto a universal
curve. This transition was not observed in earlier studies in which equal
transition rates were assumed for all allowed steps. We develop a simple
self-consistent effective medium theory and show that it gives a quantitatively
correct description of the traversal time in all parameter regimes except the
immediate neighborhood of the transition, as is characteristic of most
effective medium theories.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
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