Efectos de las tecnologías de la información sobre el empleo de las actividades industriales (Industria 4.0)

Las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) están cada vez más presentes en la industria manufacturera, dando lugar a la denominada Industria 4.0. La llegada de las TIC está ocasionando un sustancial cambio en todos los ámbitos de la actividad industrial, modificando los perfiles de habilidades y cualificaciones requeridas de los trabajadores, y ocasionando una especial repercusión sobre el empleo. Además, las TIC otorgan a las empresas la capacidad de poder adaptarse a las nuevas circunstancias, y flexibilizar los desempeños laborales, además de automatizar sus procesos, incrementar su productividad, su competitividad y sus beneficios. En el presente trabajo se realiza un exhaustivo análisis del impacto de las TIC en el volumen de empleo, se identifica la composición del empleo industrial en términos de las cualificaciones y competencias requeridas, y se analiza la situación del sector de las TIC tanto en España como en el País Vasco

Effect of ketamine pretreatment for anaesthesia in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty with continuous remifentanil infusion

BACKGROUND: An appropriate level of sedation and pharmacological assist are essential during percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA). Ketamine provides good analgesia while preserving airway patency, ventilation, and cardiovascular stability with an opioid sparing effect suggesting that it would be ideal in combination with remifentanil and midazolam in spontaneously breathing patients. We evaluated the effect of a small dose of ketamine added to midazolam and remifentanil on analgesia/sedation for PTA procedures. METHODS: Sixty-four patients receiving PTA were enrolled. The Control group received midazolam 1.0 mg i.v. and continuous infusion of remifentanil 0.05 µg/kg/min. The Ketamine group received, in addition, an intravenous bolus of 0.5 mg/kg ketamine. Patients' haemodynamic data were monitored before remifentanil infusion, 5 min after remifentanil infusion, at 1, 3, 5, 30 min after incision, and at admission to the recovery room. Verbal numerical rating scales (VNRS) and sedation [OAA/S (Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation)] scores were also recorded. RESULTS: The VNRS values at 1, 3, and 5 min after incision and OAA/S scores at 5 min after remifentanil infusion, and 1, 3, and 5 min after incision were lower in the Ketamine group than in the Control group. In the Control group, the VNRS value at 1 min after incision significantly increased and OAA/S values at 3, 5, and 30 min after incision significantly decreased compared to baseline values, while there were no significant changes in the ketamine group. CONCLUSIONS: A small dose of ketamine as an adjunct sedative to the combination of midazolam and remifentanil produced a better quality of sedation and analgesia than without ketamine and provided stable respiration without cardiopulmonary deterioration.ope

Impactos Territoriales de los Vehiculos Autónomos

Máster en Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales y Puerto

Bloqueo TAP cuadrado lumbar versus bloqueo femoral, ambos ecoguiados, para analgesia postoperatoria en artroplastia de cadera

[ES] El bloqueo del plano transverso abdominal es una nueva técnica de anestesia regional periférica, que envuelve a los nervios de la pared abdominal. Consiste en la inyección de anestésico local en el plano entre el músculos transverso abdominal y el oblicuo interno. Este ensayo clínico aleatorizado compara la eficacia analgésica del bloqueo TAP vía posterior ecoguiado versus el bloqueo femoral ecoguiado, que se realizan en pacientes mayores de 65 años programados para cirugía mediante artroplastia parcial de cadera por fractura de cuello de fémur. 104 pacientes serán asignados de forma aleatoria a cada uno de los dos grupos, para aplicarles un bloqueo TAP o femoral, tras el cual se les colocará en posición decubito lateral y se procederá a la realización de la anestesia intradural. Al grupo TAP se le realizará el bloqueo TAP con 30 ml de levobupivacaina 0,125% y al grupo Femoral se le realizará el bloqueo femoral, inyectando 10 ml de levobuivacaína 0,25%. Ambos bloqueos serán guiados con ultrasonidos. La escala visual analógica (EVA), la calidad del bloqueo sensitivo y motor será comparada a la llegada del paciente a la URPA (Unidad de Reanimación Postanestesia), a las 6, 12, 18 y 24 horas postcirugía. Se recogerá la dosis total administrada de opiaceos iv durante las primeras 24 horas, la duración de su estancia en URPA, así como el grado de satisfacción del paciente con la técnica realizada.[EN]The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a newly described peripheral block involving the nerves of the anterior abdominal wall. It involves injection of local anaesthetic into the plane between the transversus abdominis and the internal oblique muscles. This prospective study compares the analgesic effect of a TAP block with femoral block, using ultrasound in both of them, in elderly patients undergoing surgery for a femoral neck fracture. 104 patients will be assigned in a consecutive way to one of two groups, to administer TAP block or femoral one, before achieve spinal anaesthesia in lateral decubitus position. TAP group will receive TAP block with 30 ml of levobupivacaine 0,125%, and Femoral group will be perfomanced femoral block and it will be injected 10 ml of ropivacaine 0,25%, both of them will be ultrasound guided blocks. Visual Analogue Score (VAS) score, quality sensitive and motor block will be compared at the moment patients will arrived in recovery, 6, 12, 18, 24 hours post-surgery. Opiaceos total amount administered in 24 hours, stay in PACU, and patient satisfaction about tecnique achieved will be registered too.Tesis Univ. Jaén. Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud. Leída el 11 de marzo de 201

Engineering the GH1 β-glucosidase from Humicola insolens: Insights on the stimulation of activity by glucose and xylose.

The activity of the GH1 β-glucosidase from Humicola insolens (Bglhi) against p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNP-Glc) and cellobiose is enhanced 2-fold by glucose and/or xylose. Kinetic and transglycosylation data showed that hydrolysis is preferred in the absence of monosaccharides. Stimulation involves allosteric interactions, increased transglycosylation and competition of the substrate and monosaccharides for the -1 glycone and the +1/+2 aglycone binding sites. Protein directed evolution has been used to generate 6 mutants of Bglhi with altered stimulation patterns. All mutants contain one of three substitutions (N235S, D237V or H307Y) clustered around the +1/+2 aglycone binding sites. Two mutants with the H307Y substitution preferentially followed the transglycosylation route in the absence of xylose or glucose. The strong stimulation of their pNP-glucosidase and cellobiase activities was accompanied by increased transglycosylation and higher monosaccharide tolerance. The D237V mutation favoured hydrolysis over transglycosylation and the pNP-glucosidase activity, but not the cellobiase activity, was stimulated by xylose. The substitution N235S abolished the preference for hydrolysis or transglycosylation; the cellobiase, but not the pNP-glucosidase activity of the mutants was strongly inhibited by xylose. Both the D237V and N235S mutations lowered tolerance to the monosaccharides. These results provide evidence that the fine modulation of the activity of Bglhi and mutants by glucose and/or xylose is regulated by the relative affinities of the glycone and aglycone binding sites for the substrate and the free monosaccharides

Kinetic parameters for the stimulation of the <i>p</i>NP-glucosidase activity of Bglhi and mutants against <i>p</i>NP-Glc in the absence or presence of fixed concentrations of glucose or xylose.

<p>Kinetic parameters for the stimulation of the <i>p</i>NP-glucosidase activity of Bglhi and mutants against <i>p</i>NP-Glc in the absence or presence of fixed concentrations of glucose or xylose.</p

Engineering the GH1 β-glucosidase from <i>Humicola insolens</i>: Insights on the stimulation of activity by glucose and xylose - Fig 6

<p><b>Tandem mass spectrometry analysis of glucopyranosyl-xylose (A), cellotriose (B) and cellotetraose (C).</b> The sodium adducts of glucopyranosyl-xylose (<i>m/z</i> 335), cellotriose (<i>m/z</i> 527) and cellotetraose (<i>m/z</i> 689) were analyzed by MS/MS and the proposed interpretation of mass spectra are indicated on the structures.</p

Catalytic reaction mechanism of the retaining β-glycosidases.

<p>After the formation of the glucosyl-enzyme intermediate (step 1), the entry of a water molecule leads to hydrolysis (step 2) and the entry of a sugar leads to transglycosylation (step 3).</p