Modeling the external flow of a novel HorseShoe receiver and the evaluation of thermal performance

The linear receiver of a Parabolic Trough Collector is the most critical element in the entire system. The Universal Vacuum Air Collector concept is the most extended type of receiver in both experimental and industrial facilities. Besides their considerable cost, their efficiency usually drops as operation time passes. This is mainly due to a partial loss of vacuum in the evacuated annulus between the absorber and the glass cover. An alternative design called HorseShoe receiver is proposed in this work, whose main goal is to maintain the thermal performance throughout its entire lifespan. This innovative receiver is indicated for low-to-medium temperature ranges, which is particularly suitable for solar heat for industrial processes. It consists of a horseshoe-like cavity absorber having its upper border insulated. In addition, two main advantages can be taken by using two symmetric lenses as glass cover: reconcentrate solar radiation into the cavity (improvement of the intercept factor) and protect stratification conditions (reduction of thermal losses). A transient numerical model with customized boundary conditions has been implemented to evaluate both thermal performance and temperature difference in the absorber domain, which is critical for the thermal stress conditions. For that purpose and as a key contribution, not only the Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) temperature but also the heat transfer coefficient in the duct are set. In particular, HTF temperature ranges from 80 °C to 220 °C and the inner heat transfer coefficient from 600 W/(mK) to 1800 W/(mK). Results show that numerical thermal performance is above 96%, which is mainly due to the reduction of thermal radiation losses, where the absorber active surface emittance is . (...)Second (corresponding) author J.J. Serrano-Aguilera acknowledges the support provided by Junta de Andalucía (Government of Andalusia) and Universidad de Málaga for the source of funding for the HERTERSOL project (UMA18-FEDERJA-195), as well as to Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación Universidades (Spain) by means of the postdoc position: Ref No. FJCI-2017-32403 (Juan de la Cierva-Formación Postdoc Grant). Third author acknowledges the support of Universidad de Málaga, Spain through the Project WALICON, 2021. Authors also acknowledge funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBUA

Seasonality of coastal upwelling trends in the Mauritania-Senegalese region under RCP8.5 climate change scenario

The Mauritania-Senegalese upwelling region (MSUR), the southernmost region of the Canary current upwelling system, is well-known for its coastal productivity and the key role it plays in enriching the oligotrophic open ocean through the offshore transport of the upwelled coastal waters. The great ecological and socio-economic importance makes it necessary to evaluate the impact of climate change on this region. Hence, our main objective is to examine the climate change signal over the MSUR with a high resolution regional climate system model (RCSM) forced by the Earth system model MPI-ESM-LR under RCP8.5 scenario. This RCSM has a regional atmosphere model (REMO) coupled to a global ocean model (MPIOM) with high-resolution in the MSUR, which allows us to evaluate the wind pattern, the ocean stratification, as well as the upwelling source water depth, while maintaining an ocean global domain. Under RCP8.5 scenario, our results show that the upwelling favourable winds of the northern MSUR are year-round intensified, while the southern MSUR presents a strengthening in winter and a weakening in March–April. Along with changes in the wind pattern, we found increased ocean stratification in the spring months. In those months southern MSUR presents a shallowing of the upwelling source water depth associated to changes in both mechanisms. However, in winter the whole MSUR shows a deepening of the upwelling source water depth due to the intensification of the upwelling favourable winds, with the increased ocean stratification playing a secondary role. Our results demonstrate the need to evaluate the future evolution of coastal upwelling systems taking into account their latitudinal and seasonal variability and the joint contribution of both mechanisms.publishedVersio

Method for optimization of statically determined articulated structures

Se ha desarrollado un algoritrr)o de programación matemática para el dimensionamiento óptimo de estructuras articuladas isostáticas. El algoritmo propuesto se caracteriza por: a) No requerir que la función objetivo o las ecuaciones de restricción sean derivables. b) Utilizan métodos de optimización unidimensionales para pasar de una solución dada a otra mejor, c) Introducir procedimientos aleatorios para obtener información que conduce a una solución mejor. Estas características lo hacen especialmente indicado para funciones no explícitas, costosas en su evaluación y con gran cantidad de mínimos relativos. Se ilustra el método con dos ejemplos de diseño óptimo de estructuras articuladas estáticamente determinadasAn algorithm of mathematical programmation for the optimum dis'fgn of iso-static articúlate structures has been developed. The characteristics of the proposed algorithm are: a) It not requires that the objective function or the restriction equations be derivable. b) They use unidimensional methods of unidimensional optimization ío pass over from a g/Ven so/ut/on to a better one. c) To introduce contingent procedures to obtain Information which leads to a better solution. Those characteristics make it specially recommended for non-explicit functions, costly in its evaluation with a great deal of relative mínimums. The method is explained by two exampies of óptima! design of statiscally determined articulated structure

Microstructural, Mechanical and Wear Behavior of HVOF and Cold-Sprayed High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs) Coatings

HEAs powders, unlike standard alloys which contain one or two base elements, are new alloys that contain multiple elements in the same quantity. These materials have outstanding physical and mechanical properties and for this reason, are of great interest in the material science community for their application in advanced industrial sectors. In this investigation, cold spray (CS) and high-velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) processes were used to deposit Cantor alloy (FeCoCrNiMn) coatings. Starting feedstock powders were thoroughly characterized in terms of size, shape, phase and elastic modulus. For CS process, the coating deposition efficiency and porosity could be optimized by varying gas pressure, gas temperature and stand-off distance. In the case of HVOF process, stand-off distance influenced the thickness of the coatings. Besides, on the optimized CS and HVOF coatings, corrosion tests in 3.5% NaCl solution, as well as rubber wheel, ball on disk and jet erosion tests were carried out to evaluate their wear behavior. Also, to benchmark the corrosion and wear behavior of optimized coatings, the results were compared to 316L and C-Steel bulks. The tribological study shows that Cantor alloy coatings deposited via CS and HVOF are promising to protect parts and components in a harsh environment

Influence of Cold Gas Spray process conditions on the microstructure of Fe-based amorphous coatings

Fe-based amorphous metallic coatings were prepared by Cold Gas Spray process. Through this study, the effects of the process conditions such as spraying distance, gas pressure and temperature on the microstructure of as-sprayed coatings are evaluated. Microstructural studies show that the coatings can present a densely layered structure with porosity below 0.5% and thickness around 800 μm depending on the process conditions. Precipitation of nanocrystals in as-sprayed coatings is observed and present results show its dependence on the thermal and kinetic energy implicated in the process. In general, when gas temperature and pressure decreased, in the studied range, coatings displayed a dense and amorphous structure

The P2X7 receptor contributes to seizures and inflammation-driven long-lasting brain hyperexcitability following hypoxia in neonatal mice.

Neonatal seizures represent a clinical emergency. However, current anti-seizure medications fail to resolve seizures in ~50% of infants. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is an important driver of inflammation, and evidence suggests that P2X7R contributes to seizures and epilepsy in adults. However, no genetic proof has yet been provided to determine what contribution P2X7R makes to neonatal seizures, its effects on inflammatory signalling during neonatal seizures, and the therapeutic potential of P2X7R-based treatments on long-lasting brain excitability. Neonatal seizures were induced by global hypoxia in 7-day-old mouse pups (P7). The role of P2X7Rs during seizures was analysed in P2X7R-overexpressing and knockout mice. Treatment of wild-type mice after hypoxia with the P2X7R antagonist JNJ-47965567 was used to determine the effects of the P2X7R on long-lasting brain hyperexcitability. Cell type-specific P2X7R expression was analysed in P2X7R-EGFP reporter mice. RNA sequencing was used to monitor P2X7R-dependent hippocampal downstream signalling. P2X7R deletion reduced seizure severity, whereas P2X7R overexpression exacerbated seizure severity and reduced responsiveness to anti-seizure medication. P2X7R deficiency led to an anti-inflammatory phenotype in microglia, and treatment of mice with a P2X7R antagonist reduced long-lasting brain hyperexcitability. RNA sequencing identified several pathways altered in P2X7R knockout mice after neonatal hypoxia, including a down-regulation of genes implicated in inflammation and glutamatergic signalling. Treatments based on targeting the P2X7R may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for neonatal seizures with P2X7Rs contributing to the generation of neonatal seizures, driving inflammatory processes and long-term hyperexcitability states

Ammoniacal nitrogen recovery from pig slurry using a novel hydrophobic/ hydrophilic selective membrane

The implementation of the circular economy paradigm in intensive pig farming requires technologies able to recover ammoniacal nitrogen from pig slurries. This research explores the feasibility of a novel hydrophobic/ hydrophilic non-porous membrane to recover ammoniacal nitrogen from pig slurry at ambient temperature and using a H2SO4 solution as trapping agent. The influence of (i) the pH of the feed solution, (ii) the volume ratio between feed and trapping solution, and (iii) the trapping solution concentration on nitrogen recovery and flux were evaluated using a synthetic solution and pig slurry. The best performance was achieved when the pH of the feed solution was controlled at 9.0, where average fluxes of 145 and 116 g N/(m2⋅day) were achieved for the synthetic solution and pig slurry after 24 h, respectively. Decreasing the feed-to-trapping volume ratio improved the recovery efficiency after 24 h from 62% to 74% for the synthetic solution and from 32% to 46% for pig slurry. However, renewing the H2SO4 concentration of the trapping solution only led to minor improvements despite the higher reagent consumption. The diffusion coefficients of NH3 and NH+4 through the membrane at pH 9.0 were (7.3 ± 0.2)⋅10-11 and (2.1 ± 0.1)⋅10-11 m2/s for the synthetic solution and (2.7 ± 0.1)⋅10-11 and (1.0 ± 0.1)⋅ 10-11 m2/s for the pig slurry, respectively. The capacity of ions to diffuse through the membrane is a distinctive feature of this membrane and allowed recovering 33% of potassium and 21% of phosphate in pig slurry after 24 h

Influence of cold gas spray parameters on the corrosion resistance of Al-Al2O3 coatings sprayed on carbon steel

This work describes the influence of standoff distance (SoD), and gas temperature on the morphology and corrosion resistance of Al-10%Al2O3 coatings deposited by cold gas spray (CGS) on carbon steel. The results showed that the standoff distance had little effect on the thickness and microstructure of the coating. However, a 100 °C decrease of the spraying temperature reduced the coating thickness by 300 μm. The use of electrochemical analyses and SEM images showed that all the coatings studied were able to protect the substrate during at least 1300 h of immersion, due to the dense microstructure obtained by CGS

Análisis bioinformático de la expresión génica del endometrio tras el tratamiento con DIU

Motivación: El conocimiento de los niveles de expresión génica (y su posterior análisis funcional) de células endometriales tras el tratamiento con DIU puede jugar un papel fundamental en la búsqueda de drogas/fármacos que emulen el papel anticonceptivo del DIU y que de esta forma puedan ser usados en el tercer mundo como una opción anticonceptiva más barata que las usadas en paises desarrollados. Métodos: El trabajo parte de una publicación realizada en el año 2006 en la cual se realiza el estudio de microarrays para observar como varíaban perfiles de expresión génica endometriales tras la exposición de los mismos a un DIU. Los resultados mostraron que un total de 145 genes variaban de forma significativa su expresión tras la exposición al DIU. Ahora lo que buscamos es realizar el analisis funcional de los mismos, a través de tres métodos: 1-Gene Ontology, que permite la clasificación de los mismos; 2-Pubmatrix, que muestra la incidencia de dichos genes en otras publicaciones existentes, y por tanto su peso; 3-STRING, herramienta para la elaboración de redes neuronales que muestran de forma visual las interacciones intergénicas de los genes que resultaron significativos, según diversos criterios. Resultados: Los resultados del estudio inicial mostraron que, tras la inserción del DIU y su posterior retirada al mes, no se recuperaban los valores de expresión génica iniciales, si no que se mantenían y no se recuperaban hasta pasado un año. Los resultados del análisis funcional de los genes que se vieron afectados por la introducción del DIU son expuestos en forma de gráficas y figuras, con una pequeña reflexión a nivel biológico de lo que se encuentre más significativo como conclusión de lo actualmente trabajado

Public Talks and Science Listens: A Community-Based Participatory Approach to Characterizing Environmental Health Risk Perceptions and Assessing Recovery Needs in the Wake of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita

In response to the human health threats stemming from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, inter-disciplinary working groups representing P30-funded Centers of the National Institute Environmental Health Sciences were created to assess threats posed by mold, harmful alga blooms, chemical toxicants, and various infectious agents at selected sites throughout the hurricane impact zone. Because of proximity to impacted areas, UTMB NIEHS Center in Environmental Toxicology was charged with coordinating direct community outreach efforts, primarily in south Louisiana. In early October 2005, UTMB/NIEHS Center Community Outreach and Education Core, in collaboration with outreach counterparts at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center @ Smithville TX/Center for Research in Environmental Disease sent two groups into southern Louisiana. One group used Lafourche Parish as a base to deliver humanitarian aid and assess local needs for additional supplies during local recovery/reclamation. A second group, ranging through New Iberia, New Orleans, Chalmette, rural Terrebonne, Lafourche and Jefferson Parishes and Baton Rouge met with community environmental leaders, emergency personnel and local citizens to 1) sample public risk perceptions, 2) evaluate the scope and reach of ongoing risk communication efforts, and 3) determine how the NIEHS could best collaborate with local groups in environmental health research and local capacity building efforts. This scoping survey identified specific information gaps limiting efficacy of risk communication, produced a community “wish list” of potential collaborative research projects. The project provided useful heuristics for disaster response and management planning and a platform for future collaborative efforts in environmental health assessment and risk communication with local advocacy groups in south Terrebonne-Lafourche parishes