PREVENIR ES VIVIR: Estrategia de Mercadeo Social para disminuir el consumo de SPA en las instituciones educativas de la ciudad de Bogotá D.C

Identificar las herramientas del mercadeo social que fortalezcan el alcance de la estrategia de prevención de FUNDESAD para disminuir el consumo de SPA en las instituciones educativas en la ciudad de BogotáEl aumento del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en planteles educativos y entornos escolares es un problema que ha venido manifestándose cada vez con mayor intensidad en nuestro país. Antes de la pandemia por COVID-19 existía una preocupación por parte de la sociedad y el Estado por enfrentar el fenómeno y lograr mitigarlo mediante estrategias de prevención. En ese sentido, desde la Gerencia Social y haciendo uso de las herramientas de mercadeo social, se busca visibilizar propuestas como las de FUNDESAD, que promuevan un cambio en las creencias y actitudes de los diferentes actores inmersos en la problemática para disminuir los riesgos que este fenómeno genera en el tejido social.The increase in the consumption of psychoactive substances in educational establishments and school environments is a problem that has been manifesting itself with increasing intensity in our country. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, there was concern on the part of society and the State to face the phenomenon and manage to mitigate it through prevention strategies. In this sense, from the Social Management and making use of social marketing tools, it seeks to make visible proposals such as those of FUNDESAD, which promote a change in the beliefs and attitudes of the different actors immersed in the problem to reduce the risks that this phenomenon generated in the social fabric.Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dio

Association between Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with Abdominal Obesity and Healthy Eating Index in a Representative Older Spanish Population

Poor diet quality and obesity, especially abdominal obesity, have been associated with systemic inflammation. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is an available and inexpensive inflammation biomarker. The aim of the present study was to determine the association of dietary patterns and obesity with an inflammatory state. A group of 1747 Spanish noninstitutionalized older adults individuals were included, and a food-frequency questionnaire was applied. The Global Food Score (GFS) and Healthy Eating Index for Spanish population (SHEI) were calculated. Weight, height and waist (WC) and hip circumferences were measured, and BMI, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) determined. In addition, body-fat percentage was measured by bioimpedance. NLR was calculated (NLR ≥ p80: 2.6; 2.8 and 2.4 as inflammatory status in the entire population, men and women, respectively). The men with inflammatory status presented significative higher values of WC, WHtR, WHR, and body-fat percentage (101.82 ± 10.34 cm, 0.61 ± 0.06, 0.98 ± 0.06, and 31.68 ± 5.94%, respectively) than those with better inflammatory status (100.18 ± 10.22 cm, 0.59 ± 0.06, 0.97 ± 0.07, and 30.31 ± 6.16%, respectively). Those males with worse inflammatory state had lower scores for protein foods (OR = 0.898 (0.812–0.993); p = 0.037). The women with NLR ≥ 2.4 had higher WHtR and WHR (0.62 ± 0.09 and 0.91 ± 0.09) than those with NLR < 2.4 (0.60 ± 0.08 and 0.90 ± 0.08). In multiple linear regression analysis, NLR was positively related with WHtR and negatively related with SHEI score (β = 0.224 ± 0.094; R 2 = 0.060; p < 0.05 and β = −0.218 ± 0.101; R 2 = 0.061; p < 0.05), adjusting by sex, age, marital status, education level, smoking, hours of sleeping and inflammatory diseases. In women, the higher the SHEI and GFS scores were and the better meeting the aims of cereal and vegetable servings, the less the odds of inflammatory status (OR = 0.970 (0.948–0.992); p = 0.008; OR = 0.963 (0.932–0.995); p = 0.024; OR = 0.818 (0.688–0.974); p = 0.024 and OR = 0.829 (0.730–0.942); p = 0.004, respectively). WHtR and quality of diet is related to the inflammation status in older adults regardless to the sex

Cuidado del aire como recurso natural en el Colegio Sotavento Localidad de Ciudad Bolívar en Bogotá

La investigación realizada tuvo como objetivo diseñar una propuesta ambiental que promueva conciencia de cuidado del aire y aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales urbanos en estudiantes de grado noveno del Colegio IED Sotavento, de la localidad de Ciudad Bolívar en Bogotá D.C. Allí existe la problemática ambiental originada en el impacto negativo al medio ambiente por contaminación del aire como consecuencia del proceso industrial y artesanal para la producción de ladrillo, con repercusión negativa en la salud y calidad de vida de la comunidad. El trabajo realizado implicó aprendizaje proyectado a la comunidad local, para hacer de la educación ambiental una acción portadora de sentido de vida y de opción de cambio de la realidad actual. Proceso efectuado en el marco del enfoque mixto y la investigación acción bajo el paradigma Naturalista, según teorías de Rousseau (1712 - 1778) y Montessori (1870- 1952); vinculó a 32 estudiantes de grado noveno, quienes aportaron información mediante entrevistas y la cartografía como representación gráfica del espacio natural. Acciones sustentadas en un proceso que de una parte, hace uso del análisis bibliográfico, de otra, se centra en el análisis de datos cualitativos que llevan a la comprensión de la realidad a partir de información aportada por la cartografía y el análisis documental para dejar al descubierto los significados y las experiencias de los participantes en relación con el cuidado del aire en su entorno; lo cuantitativo se aplica a la relación entre información aplicada por la entrevista estructurada como técnica que hizo uso del cuestionario como instrumento para aportar datos cuantificables mediante datos y gráficas estadísticas referidas al conocimiento de los participantes en torno al tema de estudio. El hallazgo principal porque el reconocimiento de vincular a los estudiantes a procesos de sensibilización para indagar, conocer, interpretar y aportar soluciones a los problemas ambientales de su entorno. De ello se concluye la importancia de vincular a los estudiantes en la toma de conciencia sobre cuidado del aire y uso adecuado de los recursos naturales, así como la obligación de proyectar nuevos conocimientos a la comunidad para generar mecanismos reales de participación en bien del medio natural y de la supervivencia de la comunidad.The research carried out aimed to design an environmental proposal that promotes awareness of air care and use of urban natural resources in ninth grade students of the IED Sotavento School, in the town of Ciudad Bolívar in Bogotá D.C. There is the environmental problem caused by the negative impact on the environment due to air pollution as a result of the industrial and artisanal process for the production of brick, with a negative impact on the health and quality of life of the community. The work carried out involved learning projected to the local community, to make environmental education an action that carries a sense of life and an option to change the current reality. Process carried out within the framework of the mixed approach and action research under the Naturalist paradigm, according to theories of Rousseau (1712 - 1778) y Montessori (1870- 1952); linked 32 ninth grade students, who provided information through interviews and cartography as a graphic representation of the natural space. Actions based on a process that, on the one hand, makes use of bibliographic analysis, on the other, focuses on the analysis of qualitative data that lead to the understanding of reality from information provided by cartography and documentary analysis to reveal the meanings and experiences of the participants in relation to the care of the air in their environment; the quantitative applies to the relationship between information applied by the structured interview as a technique that made use of the questionnaire as an instrument to provide quantifiable data through data and statistical graphs referring to the knowledge of the participants around the subject of study. The main finding because the recognition of linking students to awareness processes to investigate, know, interpret and provide solutions to the environmental problems of their environment. This concludes the importance of linking students in the awareness of air care and proper use of natural resources, as well as the obligation to project new knowledge to the community to generate real mechanisms of participation for the good of the natural environment and the survival of the community

Acute and chronic effects of magnetic microparticles used in lake restoration on Daphnia magna and Chironomus sp.

Magnetic microparticles (MPs) have been recently proposed as a new and promising tool for restoring eutrophicated inland waters. In this study, we analyzed the acute and chronic effects of iron (Fe) MPs on Daphnia magna and on the benthic macroinvertebrate Chironomus sp. The endpoint in the acute toxicity tests was immobilization. In the chronic toxicity tests the offspring production (male and female) in D. magna and the mortality of larvae and pupae, and adult emergence in Chironomus sp. experiments were used as the endpoints. The concentration of MPs that caused 50% of immobilized individuals (EC50) in the acute toxicity test was much higher in D. magna (0.913 g Fe l-1) than in Chironomus sp. (0.445 g Fe l-1), which is likely to be the result of differences in the lifestyle of these organisms, planktonic and benthic respectively. Considering the regular dose of MPs that could be used in a restoration plan, slight effects on organism immobilization are expected. The results of chronic toxicity tests in D. magna showed that in presence of dissolved Fe (dFe), parthenogenetic reproduction was significantly affected, while no significant effect on mortality of larvae and pupae and on adult emergence was detected in Chironomus sp. test. Taking into account that long-term exposure is not likely to occur under the regular procedure of MPs, we conclude that MPs is a riskless (no toxic effect on planktonic and benthic organisms) and efficient (high P adsorption capacity) tool for lake restoration.This work was supported by Junta de Andalucía project P10-RNM-6630 (Proyectos de Excelencia, Spain), MINECO CTM 2013-46951-R projects (Spain) and by the European Founding for the Regional Development (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER)

Una variante del gen CAPN10 y los factores ambientales muestran asociación con el exceso de peso en jóvenes colombianos

ABSTRACT: Obesity results from interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors. Objective: To evaluate the effect of three gene variants and environmental factors on obesity and overweight in young people aged 10 to 18 years in a Colombian population. Materials and methods: A total of 424 subjects were selected and separated into three groups for a cross-sectional study; 100 obese and 112 overweight subjects were matched with 212 normal-weight controls. Associations were evaluated between excess weight and three genetic polymorphisms (UCP3- rs1800849, FTO-rs17817449, and CAPN10-rs3842570), as well as the family history, the time spent watching television and playing video games, and the diet. Results: A family history of obesity, the time spent watching television and playing video games, the lack of breastfeeding, a low consumption of cereals, legumes, fruits, vegetables, and a high consumption of fast foods were characteristics typically found in obese individuals compared to controls. A significant association between genotype I/I (SNP19 of CAPN10) and excess weight was found even with an active lifestyle. In addition, significant associations between the C/C genotype of the UCP3 gene and the G/G and T/T genotypes of the FTO gene and excess weight were found only in young sedentary individuals. Conclusions: In this population, inadequate diet and sedentary lifestyle increased the risk of excess weight. Genotype I/I of SNP19 in CAPN10 was significantly associated with excess weight. In contrast, FTO and UCP3 variants exhibited effects only in sedentary environments.RESUMEN: la obesidad resulta de la interacción entre factores de riesgo genéticos y ambientales. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de tres variantes genéticas y factores ambientales en el exceso de peso en jóvenes de 10 a 18 años de Medellín, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: se hizo un estudio transversal en 424 jóvenes divididos en tres grupos: 100 obesos, 112 jóvenes con sobrepeso, y, pareados con ellos, 212 jóvenes con peso adecuado, que conformaron el grupo de control. Se evaluó la asociación entre tres polimorfismos genéticos (UCP3- rs1800849, FTO-rs17817449 y CAPN10-rs3842570) y el exceso de peso, así como su interacción con antecedentes familiares de enfermedad, el tiempo dedicado a ver televisión y a jugar videojuegos y el consumo de alimentos. Resultados: los antecedentes familiares de obesidad, la dedicación de más de dos horas al día a ver televisión y jugar videojuegos, la falta de lactancia materna, el bajo consumo de cereales, legumbres, frutas y verduras y el gran consumo de comidas rápidas fueron más frecuentes entre los obesos que en los controles. Se observó una asociación significativa entre el genotipo I/I (SNP19 del CAPN10) y el exceso de peso, incluso en los jóvenes que llevaban una vida activa. Además, se encontró una asociación significativa entre los genotipos C/C del UCP3 y G/G y T/T del FTO y el exceso de peso, pero solo en los jóvenes sedentarios. Conclusiones: en esta población, la alimentación inadecuada y el sedentarismo aumentaron el riesgo de exceso de peso. El genotipo I/I de SNP19 del CAPN10 se asoció significativamente con el exceso de peso. Algunas variantes del FTO y el UCP3 mostraron tener efecto solo en jóvenes sedentarios

Desarrollo de un proceso de orientación y Asesoría para la promoción de la gestión de riesgos de accidentes en el jardín infantil Ata de la SDIS en la localidad de Santa fe.

Desarrollar un proceso de orientación y asesoría para la promoción de la gestión de riesgos de accidentes en la modalidad de jardines infantiles de la SDISEl propósito de la presente investigación es realizar un análisis a la apropiación de la gestión del riesgo para la primera infancia por parte de los jardines infantiles de la Secretaría Distrital de Integración Social (SDIS), identificando mediante criterios de distribución de jardines por localidades y escenarios de riesgos en Bogotá, el jardín infantil para trabajar con la comunidad educativa un proceso de cocreación y posteriormente la aplicación de una encuesta que permitiera determinar el grado de conocimiento en la gestión del riesgo para la primera infancia. Vale decir que el tipo de investigación realizado fue descriptivo ya que recoge información de la gestión del riesgo en la primera infancia, con lo cual no se pretende determinar qué entidad lo hace mejor, sino mostrar las dimensiones de la apropiación de la gestión del riesgo en la comunidad educativa

The role of conductive additives on the performance of hybrid carbon xerogels as electrodes in aqueous supercapacitors

Three different hybrid carbon xerogels containing Graphene Oxide (AXGO), Micronized Graphite (AXMG) and Carbon Black (AXCB) were synthesized using an easy, fast and affordable method. These three additives were initially selected to improve the electrical conductivity of the pristine activated carbon xerogel (AX) thus expecting to improve its performance in aqueous supercapacitors. Capacitances of the corresponding devices were measured as a function of current density and results of the high and low charge transfer regime of the supercapacitors were discussed separately. In both regimes, the differences observed between the hybrid electrodes were analyzed on the basis of the concurrent influence of the micro and mesoporosity, surface chemistry and electrical conductivity of the materials. Accordingly, even though all the hybrid carbon xerogels showed higher electrical conductivities, only AXGO rendered a better performance than AX, showing the highest capacitances in the whole interval of intensities studied. Consequently, at 16 A g−1, the energy and power densities of the AXGO supercapacitors increased up to 16% and 97%, respectively, with respect to AX, and of 143% and 409%, respectively, with respect to a commercial activated carbon used as reference. The performance of AXCB and, especially AXMG was worse than AX supercapacitors due to a combination of inadequate pore size distributions and/or a poor surface chemistry. Finally, TEM analysis helped to understand the different way the three additives were affecting the nanostructure (and final properties) of the hybrid carbon xerogels.Authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad from Spain (Project CTQ2017-87820-R). MCR also acknowledges CSIC (Project I.E. 201880E010)

Clinical Epidemiological Characterization of Patients with Suspected Human Leptospirosis

Introducción: la leptospirosis es considerada históricamente la zoonosis de mayor difusión internacional.Objetivo: caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente los pacientes con leptospirosis humana sospechada en el Policlínico Universitario Hermanos Cruz de Pinar del Río, durante el periodo 2019- 2021.Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. El universo estuvo constituido por 182 pacientes notificados por los consultorios, el cuerpo de guardia del policlínico y los hospitales. Para seleccionar la muestra se aplicó un muestreo aleatorio simple, la muestra quedó conformada por 162 pacientes. Desde el punto de vista ético esta investigación respetó los fundamentos de la ética que aparecen en la Declaración de Helsinki.Resultado: en la investigación predominó el grupo  de edad de 40 - 49,  en  71  pacientes (43,83 %), prevaleció en hombres (76,46 %). Son los campesinos los que aportan mayor frecuencia, con 89 casos (54,94 %). Las manifestaciones clínicas presentes están la fiebre elevada, mialgias y artralgias en el 100 %. Como riesgo epidemiológico fue el cultivo de arroz el que predominó, con 86 casos (53,09 %).Conclusiones: ante la prevalencia de pacientes con leptospirosis humana sospechada en la muestra estudiada, se debe fortalecer las normas y procedimientos para el mejor control preventivo de estos pacientes desde la atención primaria de salud, lo que conllevaría a una mejor vinculación policlínico hospital y por ende, redundaría en una mejor atención y una mejor calidad de vida tanto para el paciente como para la familia.Introduction: leptospirosis, historically considered the zoonosis of greater international diffusion.Objective: to characterize clinically and epidemiologically the patients with suspected human leptospirosis in the Hermanos Cruz academic Polyclinic of Pinar del Río during the period 2019- 2021. Methods: an observational, descriptive and transversal study was carried out. The universe consisted of 182 patients notified by the clinics, the on-call department of the polyclinic and the hospitals. The sample was selected by simple random sampling and consisted of 162 patients. From the ethical point of view, this research complied with the ethical principles contained in the Declaration of Helsinki.Results: in the research, the age group 40-49 predominated in 71 patients (43,83 %), with a predominance of men (76,46 %). Peasants were the most frequent with 89 cases (54,94 %).  The clinical manifestations present were high fever, myalgias and arthralgias in 100 %. As epidemiological risk, rice cultivation predominated with 86 cases (53,09 %).Conclusions: given the prevalence of patients with suspected human leptospirosis in the sample studied, the norms and procedures for better preventive control of these patients should be strengthened in primary health care, which would lead to a better polyclinic-hospital linkage and thus result in better care and a better quality of life for both the patient and the family