Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Agricultural Production and Income in Bangladesh

The study assessed some factors that determine agricultural production and income in Bangladesh. The factors that were addressed in the study were land, labour, capital, ethnicity, gender etc. It aimed to analyze the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers in Bangladesh, to investigate the level of agricultural production activities and to identify the agricultural production problems in Bangladesh. The target population was the farmers of eight divisions in Bangladesh.  The data were obtained from structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and FGD. Multiple linear regression of model fourteen explanatory variables was used to analyze the characteristics of the factors mentioned above in context of farm production and income. The result of data analysis showed that the variables such as gender, age, years of schooling, service area, operational farm size, cow-shed, electricity, radio, mobile phone, television, computer, bicycle, motorcycle etc. affect farmers’ production and income. The research also found gender parity and small farm holding in farming. There should be provision of effective agricultural information dissemination services by using ICT tools in farming. Special emphasis should be given to eliminate gender disparity and resolve small farm holding problem to ensure farm production and income generation

ICT Based Agricultural Knowledge Transfer of Women Farmers: A Case of Gender Responsiveness from a Developing Country Perspective

Women are increasingly becoming an integral part of the rural economy. Feminization and empowerment in agriculture is taking place while outmigration of males in the rural Bangladesh is visible due to higher off farm income. The objective of this study is to determine the current state of the ICT-based agricultural knowledge transfer of female farmers in Bangladesh involved in agricultural operations. Data were collected through survey method using structured questionnaire from 140 female farmers involved in public ICT service centers of Bangladesh. The questionnaire was administrated face-to-face and collected data were analysed with SPSS version 23.0. The result from the data showed that the variables such as assets, inputs, land, education, extension and financial services, and technology affect farmers’ production and farm income. The gaps like gender parity and small farm holding were found in the study. The research suggests that effective agricultural information dissemination services through ICT tools in farming are essential. Special emphasis should be given to address gender disparity and resolve farm holding problems for ensuring women’s participation in agriculture

Some Comparison of Solutions by Different Numerical Techniques on Mathematical Biology Problem

We try to compare the solutions by some numerical techniques when we apply the methods on some mathematical biology problems. The Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF) method is a promising method to give an approximate solution of nonlinear ordinary differential equation systems, such as a model for insect population, one-species Lotka-Volterra model. The technique is described and illustrated by numerical examples. We modify the population models by taking the Holling type III functional response and intraspecific competition term and hence we solve it by this numerical technique and show that RKF method gives good results. We try to compare this method with the Laplace Adomian Decomposition Method (LADM) and with the exact solutions

Visceral Leishmaniasis Clinical Management in Endemic Districts of India, Nepal, and Bangladesh

Background. National VL Elimination Programs in India, Nepal and Bangladesh face challenges as home-based Miltefosine treatment is introduced. Objectives. To study constraints of VL management in endemic districts within context of national elimination programs before and after intervention. Methods. Ninety-two and 41 newly diagnosed VL patients were interviewed for clinical and provider experience in 2009 before and in 2010 after intervention (district training and improved supply of diagnostics and drugs). Providers were assessed for adherence to treatment guidelines. Facilities and doctor-patient consultations were observed to assess quality of care. Results. Miltefosine use increased from 33% to 59% except in Nepal where amphotericin was better available. Incorrect dosage and treatment interruptions were rare. Advice on potential side effects was uncommon but improved significantly in 2010. Physicians did not rule out pregnancy prior to starting Miltefosine. Fever measurement or spleen palpation was infrequently done in Bangladesh but improved after intervention (from 23% to 47%). Physician awareness of renal or liver toxicity as Miltefosine side effects was lower in Bangladesh. Bio-chemical monitoring was uncommon. Patient satisfaction with services remained low for ease of access or time provider spent with patient. Health facilities were better stocked with rK39 kits and Miltefosine in 2010

Mapping of Agriculture Research in Bangladesh: A Scientometric Analysis

This study counts the number of the agricultural research conducted ingeographic area of Bangladeshduring the year 1976 to 2018, indexed in BanglaJOL. It attempts to examine the research performance of all agriculture research publications by Bangladeshi scientists. The BanglaJOL was used to collect the data to find the publication produced in the geographic area of Bangladesh. Different types of journals were examined and 4119 agriculture research papers were found. The research result was made on several parameters: publication outputs, subject categories and major journals, author productivity, geographic and institutional distribution of publications, and keyword-density analysis. From the result, the publications get relative growth rate, ranking of agriculture research journals, doubling time, leading institution, most prolific Bangladeshi institutions such as author productivity, authorship collaboration, degree of collaboration, collaboration index and collaborative coefficient, major collaborating partner countries and keyword density analysis for highly researched keywords.

Numerical solution of Lotka Volterra prey predator model by using Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method and Laplace Adomian decomposition method

This paper reflects some research outcome denoting as to how Lotka–Volterra prey predator model has been solved by using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method (RKF). A comparison between Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method (RKF) and the Laplace Adomian Decomposition method (LADM) is carried out and exact solution is found out to verify the applicability, efficiency and accuracy of the method. The obtained approximate solution shows that the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method (RKF) is a more powerful numerical technique for solving a system of nonlinear differential equations

Quantum Chemical Studies on Detail Mechanism of Nitrosylation of NAMI-A-HSA Adduct

Hydrolysis of NAMI-A in NAMI-A-HSA (HSA = human serum albumin) and nitrosylation of hydrolyzed NAMI-A-HSA adduct have been studied in detail using density functional theory method. It has been observed that the chloride exchange reaction with water in the NAMI-A-HSA adduct follows an interchange dissociative mechanism passing through an unstable heptacoordinated activated complex. The computed free energy of activation (Δ<i>G</i>) and rate constant (<i>k</i>) for the hydrolysis process in aqueous medium are observed to be 24.85 kcal mol^–1 and 3.81 × 10^–6 s^–1, respectively. Nitrosylation of hydrolyzed NAMI-A-HSA adduct with nitric oxide is found to be thermodynamically more favorable with the incorporation of solvent effect and provides a detailed understanding related to the antimetastatic activity of the NAMI-A drug. This investigation shows that nitric oxide coordinates linearly to NAMI-A-HSA adduct leading to the reduction of ruthenium­(III) to more active ruthenium­(II), with the reduction potential of −2.32 V. Negative relative solvation and relative binding free energies suggest that the hydrolysis and nitrosylation reactions are found to be thermodynamically favorable and faster. Our computed results provide a detailed thermodynamics and kinetics which may be highly beneficial for understanding antimetastatic activity as well as the nitric oxide scavenging ability of NAMI-A

Density Functional Approach Toward the Adsorption of Molecular Hydrogen as Well as the Formation of Metal Hydride on Bare and Activated Carbon-Supported Rhodium Clusters

A systematic density functional theory (DFT) investigation has been performed to understand adsorption phenomenon as well as the mechanism of hydrogen molecule dissociation to form metal hydride, catalyzed by bare and activated carbon-supported small rhodium clusters. H–H bond length of hydrogen molecule adsorbed on activated carbon-supported rhodium cluster is found to be higher. Five- as well as six-member rings of the activated carbon act as the support for hydrogen-adsorbed rhodium clusters. Rhodium cluster linked with five-member ring of activated carbon has the enhanced ability to activate hydrogen molecule. DFT-evaluated transition states show lower activation energies in the dissociation of hydrogen molecule catalyzed by activated carbon-supported rhodium clusters, whereas dissociation of hydrogen molecule catalyzed by Rh<i>_n</i>, supported on activated carbon, follows two pathways. First, hydrogen atoms stay on Rh<i>_n</i> after dissociation, and in the second, hydrogen is dislodged from Rh<i>_n</i> to carbon of the activated carbon, which is called spillover. The first pathway is observed to be more favorable in comparison to the second pathway. However, the supported Rh₄ exhibits equal feasibility for both the pathways

A new water-soluble Rh(III)-salophen complex as efficient catalyst for alcohol oxidation in aqueous medium

29-35A new water soluble rhodium(III) complex [Rh(η4-L)Cl] (1a) has been isolated from the reaction between RhCl3.3H2O and salophen ligand [L = N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-1,2-phenylenediamine (a)] in 1:1 molar ratio in dichloromethane solution. The complex 1a has been characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis, ESI-MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Theoretical calculations (B3LYP) and spectroscopic evidence recommends that the ligand a coordinates to the Rh centre through imine N and phenolic O donor atoms. The complex 1a emerged out to be an effective catalyst for oxidation of alcohols in water. Excellent yields of carbonyl compounds have been acquired for a comprehensive assortment of substrates with H2O2 as oxidant at a relatively low loading of catalyst. Thus, the Rh(III)-H2O-H2O2 catalytic system could act as an environmentally benign alternative to oxidation methods in conventional organic solvents