295 research outputs found
Nested Regular Path Queries in Description Logics
Two-way regular path queries (2RPQs) have received increased attention
recently due to their ability to relate pairs of objects by flexibly navigating
graph-structured data. They are present in property paths in SPARQL 1.1, the
new standard RDF query language, and in the XML query language XPath. In line
with XPath, we consider the extension of 2RPQs with nesting, which allows one
to require that objects along a path satisfy complex conditions, in turn
expressed through (nested) 2RPQs. We study the computational complexity of
answering nested 2RPQs and conjunctions thereof (CN2RPQs) in the presence of
domain knowledge expressed in description logics (DLs). We establish tight
complexity bounds in data and combined complexity for a variety of DLs, ranging
from lightweight DLs (DL-Lite, EL) up to highly expressive ones. Interestingly,
we are able to show that adding nesting to (C)2RPQs does not affect worst-case
data complexity of query answering for any of the considered DLs. However, in
the case of lightweight DLs, adding nesting to 2RPQs leads to a surprising jump
in combined complexity, from P-complete to Exp-complete.Comment: added Figure
Extractive Summarisation of Medical Documents
Background Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) practice requires practitioners to extract evidence from published medical research when answering clinical queries. Due to the time-consuming nature of this practice, there is a strong motivation for systems that can automatically summarise medical documents and help practitioners find relevant information. Aim The aim of this work is to propose an automatic query-focused, extractive summarisation approach that selects informative sentences from medical documents. MethodWe use a corpus that is specifically designed for summarisation in the EBM domain. We use approximately half the corpus for deriving important statistics associated with the best possible extractive summaries. We take into account factors such as sentence position, length, sentence content, and the type of the query posed. Using the statistics from the first set, we evaluate our approach on a separate set. Evaluation of the qualities of the generated summaries is performed automatically using ROUGE, which is a popular tool for evaluating automatic summaries. Results Our summarisation approach outperforms all baselines (best baseline score: 0.1594; our score 0.1653). Further improvements are achieved when query types are taken into account. Conclusion The quality of extractive summarisation in the medical domain can be significantly improved by incorporating domain knowledge and statistics derived from a specialised corpus. Such techniques can therefore be applied for content selection in end-to-end summarisation systems
Rumen microbial communities influence metabolic phenotypes in lambs
The rumen microbiota is an essential part of ruminants forging their nutrition and health. Despite its importance, it is not fully understood how various groups of rumen microbes affect host-microbe relationships and functions. The aim of the study was to simultaneously explore the rumen microbiota and the metabolic phenotype of lambs for identifying host-microbe associations and potential biomarkers of digestive functions. Twin lambs, separated in two groups after birth were exposed to practices (isolation and gavage with rumen fluid with protozoa or protozoa-depleted) that differentially restricted the acquisition of microbes. Rumen microbiota, fermentation parameters, digestibility and growth were monitored for up to 31 weeks of age. Microbiota assembled in isolation from other ruminants lacked protozoa and had low bacterial and archaeal diversity whereas digestibility was not affected. Exposure to adult sheep microbiota increased bacterial and archaeal diversity independently of protozoa presence. For archaea, Methanomassiliicoccales displaced Methanosphaera. Notwithstanding, protozoa induced differences in functional traits such as digestibility and significantly shaped bacterial community structure, notably Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae lower up to 6 folds, Prevotellaceae lower by ~40%, and Clostridiaceae and Veillonellaceae higher up to 10 folds compared to microbiota without protozoa. An orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis of urinary metabolome matched differences in microbiota structure. Discriminant metabolites were mainly involved in amino acids and protein metabolic pathways while a negative interaction was observed between methylotrophic methanogens Methanomassiliicoccales and trimethylamine N-oxide. These results stress the influence of gut microbes on animal phenotype and show the potential of metabolomics for monitoring rumen microbial functions
Extractive Summarisation of Medical Documents
Background Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) practice requires practitioners to extract evidence from published medical research when answering clinical queries. Due to the time-consuming nature of this practice, there is a strong motivation for systems that can automatically summarise medical documents and help practitioners find relevant information. Aim The aim of this work is to propose an automatic query-focused, extractive summarisation approach that selects informative sentences from medical documents. Method We use a corpus that is specifically designed for summarisation in the EBM domain. We use approximately half the corpus for deriving important statistics associated with the best possible extractive summaries. We take into account factors such as sentence position, length, sentence content, and the type of the query posed. Using the statistics from the first set, we evaluate our approach on a separate set. Evaluation of the qualities of the generated summaries is performed automatically using ROUGE, which is a popular tool for evaluating automatic summaries. Results Our summarisation approach outperforms all baselines (best baseline score: 0.1594; our score 0.1653). Further improvements are achieved when query types are taken into account. Conclusion The quality of extractive summarisation in the medical domain can be significantly improved by incorporating domain knowledge and statistics derived from a specialised corpus. Such techniques can therefore be applied for content selection in end-to-end summarisation systems
O combate à pobreza: cooperação China-ONU e agenda 2030
In 2020, China reached the target of its 13th Five-Year Plan, lifting around 850 million people out of extremepoverty. We intend to understand how the convergence between China and the UN takes place in the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda. Our hypothesis is that the fight against poverty in Chinahas been the result of a persistenteconomic modernization, instead ofcompensatory social programs. In this way, the Asian country gives legitimacy to the eradication of domestic poverty and its global diplomatic performance.Em 2020, a China atingiu a meta de seu 13º Plano Quinquenal, retirando cerca de 850 milhões de pessoas da extrema pobreza. Pretendemos entender como se dá a convergência entre China e ONU na implementação dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio e da Agenda 2030. Temos como hipótese que o combate à pobreza na Chinaresulta de persistente modernização econômica, ao invés de programas sociais compensatórios. Desse modo, o país asiático confere legitimidade à erradicação da pobreza doméstica e à sua atuação diplomática global
Ultra-deep Large Binocular Camera U-band Imaging of the GOODS-North Field: Depth vs. Resolution
We present a study of the trade-off between depth and resolution using a
large number of U-band imaging observations in the GOODS-North field
(Giavalisco et al. 2004) from the Large Binocular Camera (LBC) on the Large
Binocular Telescope (LBT). Having acquired over 30 hours of data (315 images
with 5-6 mins exposures), we generated multiple image mosaics, starting with
the best atmospheric seeing images (FWHM 0.8"), which constitute
10% of the total data set. For subsequent mosaics, we added in data with
larger seeing values until the final, deepest mosaic included all images with
FWHM 1.8" (94% of the total data set). From the mosaics, we
made object catalogs to compare the optimal-resolution, yet shallower image to
the lower-resolution but deeper image. We show that the number counts for both
images are 90% complete to . Fainter than
27, the object counts from the optimal-resolution image start to
drop-off dramatically (90% between = 27 and 28 mag), while the deepest
image with better surface-brightness sensitivity ( 32
mag arcsec) show a more gradual drop (10% between 27
and 28 mag). For the brightest galaxies within the GOODS-N field, structure and
clumpy features within the galaxies are more prominent in the
optimal-resolution image compared to the deeper mosaics. Finally, we find - for
220 brighter galaxies with 24 mag - only marginal
differences in total flux between the optimal-resolution and lower-resolution
light-profiles to 32 mag arcsec. In only 10% of
the cases are the total-flux differences larger than 0.5 mag. This helps
constrain how much flux can be missed from galaxy outskirts, which is important
for studies of the Extragalactic Background Light.Comment: 24 pages, 14 figures, submitted to PASP, comments welcom
The fight against poverty : China-UN cooperation and the 2030 agend
Em 2020, a China atingiu a meta de seu 13º Plano Quinquenal, retirando cerca de 850 milhões de pessoas da extrema pobreza. Pretendemos entender como se dá a convergência entre China e ONU na implementação dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio e da Agenda 2030. Temos como hipótese que o combate à pobreza na China resulta de persistente modernização econômica, ao invés de programas sociais compensatórios. Desse modo, o país asiático confere legitimidade à erradicação da pobreza doméstica e à sua atuação diplomática global.In 2020, China reached the target of its 13th Five-Year Plan, lifting around 850 million people out of extreme poverty. We intend to understand how the convergence between China and the UN takes place in the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda. Our hypothesis is that the fight against poverty in China has been the result of a persistent economic modernization, instead of compensatory social programs. In this way, the Asian country gives legitimacy to the eradication of domestic poverty and its global diplomatic performance
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