Rational points on X_0^+ (p^r)

We show how the recent isogeny bounds due to \'E. Gaudron and G. R\'emond allow to obtain the triviality of X_0^+ (p^r)(Q), for r>1 and p a prime exceeding 2.10^{11}. This includes the case of the curves X_split (p). We then prove, with the help of computer calculations, that the same holds true for p in the range 10 < p < 10^{14}, p\neq 13. The combination of those results completes the qualitative study of such sets of rational points undertook in previous papers, with the exception of p=13.Comment: 16 pages, no figur

Alien Registration- Parent, Bertha P. (Madawaska, Aroostook County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/35395/thumbnail.jp

Neutrophil swarms require LTB4 and integrins at sites of cell death in vivo

Neutrophil recruitment from blood to extravascular sites of sterile or infectious tissue damage is a hallmark of early innate immune responses, and the molecular events leading to cell exit from the bloodstream have been well defined1,2. Once outside the vessel, individual neutrophils often show extremely coordinated chemotaxis and cluster formation reminiscent of the swarming behaviour of insects3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11. The molecular players that direct this response at the single-cell and population levels within the complexity of an inflamed tissue are unknown. Using two-photon intravital microscopy in mouse models of sterile injury and infection, we show a critical role for intercellular signal relay among neutrophils mediated by the lipid leukotriene B4, which acutely amplifies local cell death signals to enhance the radius of highly directed interstitial neutrophil recruitment. Integrin receptors are dispensable for long-distance migration12, but have a previously unappreciated role in maintaining dense cellular clusters when congregating neutrophils rearrange the collagenous fibre network of the dermis to form a collagen-free zone at the wound centre. In this newly formed environment, integrins, in concert with neutrophil-derived leukotriene B4 and other chemoattractants, promote local neutrophil interaction while forming a tight wound seal. This wound seal has borders that cease to grow in kinetic concert with late recruitment of monocytes and macrophages at the edge of the displaced collagen fibres. Together, these data provide an initial molecular map of the factors that contribute to neutrophil swarming in the extravascular space of a damaged tissue. They reveal how local events are propagated over large-range distances, and how auto-signalling produces coordinated, self-organized neutrophil-swarming behaviour that isolates the wound or infectious site from surrounding viable tissue

USE OF INHALANT ANESTHETICS IN THREE SNAKE SPECIES

Different snake species respond differently to various anesthetic agents. Hence, an anesthetic procedure developed for one species cannot necessarily be safely transferred to another species. The goal of this paper is to summarize our experience using inhalant anesthetics on three snake species, including both procedures that were successful and those we found to be less satisfactory. We found isoflurane delivered with a precision vaporizer to be the best agent to anesthetize black rat snakes (Elaphe o. obsoleta). Sex and mass did not seem to affect induction times in black rat snakes, but larger female rat snakes recovered faster from anesthesia than smaller females. Halothane delivered in the open method provided consistent anesthesia in northern water snakes (Nerodia s. sipedon), although it caused some mortality and should not be used on debilitated patients. Halothane delivered with a precision vaporizer may be used to anesthetize eastern massasauga rattlesnakes (Sistrurus c. catenatus). However, care must be taken to prevent mortality resulting from anesthetic overdose. Sex and mass had no effect on induction and recovery times in the rattlesnakes, but stressed animals require longer induction and recovery times

Gestion stratégique d'un système de ressources en eau : l'exemple du système NESTE

L'article que nous proposons s'inscrit dans le cadre des problèmes d'optimisation bimensionnelle (irrigation & salubrité) des ressources en eau durant la période d'étiage. Sur le cas du système NESTE, la résolution est effectuée selon deux approches :- un modèle de programmation dynamique avec état de dimension deux (niveau des réserves, niveau dans la rivière) où, dans la solution numérique, les variables sont discrétisées;- un modèle « synthétique » où l'on calcule une probabilité de non dépassement caractérisant l'état hydrique des ressources du système. Une règle empirique permet d'associer à cette grandeur une décision de consigne à effectuer.Les résultats numériques sont comparés sur une série de chroniques historiques. Les avantages et les inconvénients de chacune des deux approches sont mis en lumière sur le cas réel du système NESTE.This paper deals with bicreteria (irrigation & water quality) weekly operation of a water resource system during dry period. Two ways of handling the problem are assessed and compared on a real case study :- a stochastic dynamic programming modal with a two dimensional state (reservoirs level, river level) that is numerically solved by discretization ;- a more « synthetic » model where the state is expressed in term of a tail aera probability related to the consumption of all the present water resources in the future. A practical decision rule is based upon the associated critical value.Numerical results are plotted on historical varies for both methods.From the present application to the NESTE system, the conclusions are :1) Both procedures allow the system manager to formulate operating strategies in a rational way :- An operating rule can be derived to allocate water so as to meet a combination of the various objectives. It is expressed as a feedback law linking what we know from the state of the system to how we control its evolution.- Both methods need a parameter to be set up by stochastic simulation.- They give close results on the basis of the past data and can be conveniently proposed to system managers.2) The system analysis approach is based on stochastic dynamic programming. If can be efficiently used to derive optimal feedback ruses of operation and can routinely deal with complex decisions such as limiting irrigation when a shortage is to occur or take the risk to keep going and decrease output targets for water quality management. At the same time, this procedure entails heavy computing time, uneasy interpretation of the weighting coefficient between irrigation and water quality objectives, and a rather artificial elicitation of the global compromise.Such an approach is very well fit for simulation because it is composed of elementary blocks that are gathered in a transition relationship to describe the system's dynamic evolution. This approach also provides a means to get an optimal policy as long as the system manager accepts the necessity to formulate an objective function consistently with dynamic programming (i. e. stages are separable and additive). Of course this optimal allocation should be carefully examined because of modal uncertainties influencing both the system response and the hydrological behaviour.3) The synthetic method may appear more attractive from the engineering point of view for the following reasons :- the state is easily interpreted in terms of « dry year with a return period of 10, normal year, exceptionally wet year » and so on. The trade-off coefficient is the volume one wants to keep in the reservoirs at time T for a wet year. Consequently if the parameter is chosen with « good sense », no optimization scheme is needed.- there is no computation except a mass balance equation and a normal probability law adjustment which is very easy because it deals with cumulative quantities.4) Such models are designed to serve only as multicriterion decision making aids. In very dry days such as occurred in summer 1976 or 1989 in France they cannot create additional water resources... still, they can help the system manager by constant up dated multidimensional estimation of the risks that may be encountered when following different operation rotes. In the case of the NESTE system, a real-scale experiment began in 1989: in real time operation, both models worked on line as decision-making supports, and the system manager made a thorough study of the hydrological conditions when the two approaches did not agree on the same stragegy for the following week

A note on four nonradioactive labeling systems for dot hybridization detection of potato viruses

Des clones d'ADN complémentaire ont été fabriqués à partir des ARN génomiques des virus S (PVS), X (PVX) et Y (PVY) de la pomme de terre (Solarium tuberosum). Les clones ont été sélectionnés pour leur spécificité par l'hybridation avec divers ARN viraux. Les clones S12 de PVS et X6 de PVX se sont avérés très spécifiques à l'ARN de PVS et PVX respectivement, alors que le clone Y10 de PVY a hybride fortement à l'ARN du PVY et faiblement à l'ARN du PVS. Quatre systèmes commerciaux non radioactifs de marquage des acides nucléiques et de détection ont été comparés entre eux et avec le marquage radioactif traditionnel de la sonde au 32P. La détection colorimétrique de sondes d'ADN marquées à la digoxygénine permet de déceler 1 ng de virions (60 pg d'ARN), soit une sensibilité du même ordre que l'autoradiographie avec des sondes marquées au phosphore radioactif. Les sondes sulfonées, biotinylées et marquées à la peroxydase ont été moins sensibles en permettant la détection de 600 pg d'ARN viral.Complementary DNA clones of genomic RNAs of potato (Solarium tuberosum) viruses S (PVS), X (PVX) and Y (PVY) were produced and tested for their capacity to hybridize with various plant virus RNAs. PVS clone S12 and PVX clone X6 were found to be very specifie to PVS and PVX RNA respectively, whereas PVY clone Y10 strongly hybridized with PVY RNA and weakly with PVS RNA. Four commercial, nonradioactive Systems of nucleic acid labeling and detection were compared to the usual 32P-labeled probe using dot hybridization experiments. Colorimetric detection of digoxigenin-labeled DNA probes gave a level of sensitivity of 1 ng of virions (60 pg of RNA), similar to autoradiography of 32P-labeled probes. Sulfonated, biotinylated and peroxidase-labeled probes were slightly less sensitive, allowing detection of 600 pg of viral RNA

Physicians\u27 Attitudes, Concerns, and Procedural Understanding of Medical Aid-in-Dying in Vermont

The general purpose of the current study was to collect data on physicians\u27 attitudes towards Act 39, the medical aid-in-dying act that was legislatively approved in 2013. Given the recent nature of the implementation of Act 39, this is the first such study to be conducted in the State of Vermont. The survey was quantitative in nature and addressed three distinct aspects of legalized prescribing of life-ending medication, these being physicians\u27: (I) attitudes regarding ethics and legality of Act 39, (11)understandings of the policies and procedural requirements under the law, including their belief in legal immunity from penalty, and (I1) level of support for certain provisions under the law, such as patient-terminality requirements, verification of terminal diagnosis by a second physician, and whether a psychiatric evaluation ought to be required prior to prescription. In general, the physicians surveyed support medical aidin-dying, agree with the terminality and second-opinion provisions of Act 39, but are divided about whether a mental health professional should be involved in capacity evaluations. Furthermore, religious identification and ethical orientation, but not percent-terminal patient workload, were found to be significant covariates in statistical analyses of physicians\u27 support for Act 39. The respondents agreed that medical aid-in-dying is a valuable treatment option in the realm of palliative care, but expressed that other palliative care treatments should be explored prior to a patient\u27s pursuit of medication to hasten death. Physicians\u27 concerns about legal liability, and their lack of accurate and confident knowledge of the policies and procedures of Act 39, may limit the availability of medical aid-in-dying to interested terminally-ill patients