Dissemination and geovisualization of territorial entities\u27 history

This paper describes an innovative solution for geovisualization of the demographic and administrative history of French municipalities named communes in French. This solution allows for the open dissemination of such data. The challenge is to provide a web interface for unskilled users in order to help them understand complex information about the demographic evolution of French territories. Our approach combines interactive thematic spatial and temporal views. We describe our architecture based on open-source technologies and the organization of this imperfect geo-historical information in our spatiotemporal database. Our second contribution concerns the concept of an acquaintance graph that has been used to obtain an efficient design with good performance in our geovisualization website

How Programmers Comment When They Think Nobody's Watching

Documentation is essential to software development. Experienced programmers know this well from having worked with poorly documented code. They wish to improve their documentation techniques and habits, but there is little consensus for them to follow. Somehow, the many different standards must be compared objectively. This desire motivates my work, which aims to better understand existing documentation practices. This work focuses exclusively on comments within the program code. Programming is a complex human activity, despite a widespread misconception among programmers that writing code is a mechanical process. This is especially true of comments, where programmers express themselves freely. My work fills a gap in research on software documentation by systematically investigating the comments in a unique database of code written by programmers under natural conditions. The true variety of programming behaviour is surprising. But this variety does not mean that the output of programmers is completely arbitrary; there are patterns in this data, which my research aims to understand. This work makes three contributions: A novel taxonomy of comments developed from the data, which to date is the most thorough description of commenting behaviour actually exhibited by programmers. Empirical hypotheses regarding large scale commenting behaviour, which were validated on separate test data. These hypotheses describe underlying regularities in programming which appear to transcend individual differences. The database of code I collected, which has unique opportunities for further research on software development, and is thus available for use by other researchers

Oscillations in the expression of a self-repressed gene induced by a slow transcriptional dynamics

We revisit the dynamics of a gene repressed by its own protein in the case where the transcription rate does not adapt instantaneously to protein concentration but is a dynamical variable. We derive analytical criteria for the appearance of sustained oscillations and find that they require degradation mechanisms much less nonlinear than for infinitely fast regulation. Deterministic predictions are also compared with stochastic simulations of this minimal genetic oscillator

Oscillations in the expression of a self-repressed gene induced by a slow transcriptional dynamics

We revisit the dynamics of a gene repressed by its own protein in the case where the transcription rate does not adapt instantaneously to protein concentration but is a dynamical variable. We derive analytical criteria for the appearance of sustained oscillations and find that they require degradation mechanisms much less nonlinear than for infinitely fast regulation. Deterministic predictions are also compared with stochastic simulations of this minimal genetic oscillator

Enjeux et défis de l’adaptation, de l’intégration et de la réussite scolaire des étudiants internationaux dans les cégeps et les collèges francophones du Canada: Les cas du Nouveau-Brunswick, de l’Île-du-Prince-Édouard, de la Gaspésie et des Îles-de-la-Madeleine

Projet financé par le Réseau des cégeps et collèges francophones du Canada

The Coq proof assistant user's guide : version 5.8

pas de résum

Predominant expression of Alzheimer’s disease-associated BIN1 in mature oligodendrocytes and localization to white matter tracts

BIN1 is not expressed in human brain microglial cells. (A) Immunohistochemical staining of adjacent sections of normal human brain cortex with antibodies against BIN1 or Iba1 reveals that BIN1 immunoreactive cells that are morphologically distinct from microglia. The boxed region is shown at a higher magnification on the right. (B) Single and two-color immunostaining of the human brain using antibodies against BIN1 and CD45 reveals that perivenular CD45-positive cells of the hematopoietic lineage do not express BIN1. (TIFF 4392 kb

The Coq Proof Assistant, Reference Manual, Version 5.10

Projet COQRésumé disponible dans les fichiers attaché

The Coq Proof Assistant Reference Manual : Version 6.1

Projet COQCoq is a proof assistant based on a higher-order logic allowing powerful definitions of functions. Coq V6.1 is available by anonymous ftp at ftp.inria.fr:/INRIA/Projects/coq/V6.1 and ftp.ens-lyon.fr:/pub/LIP/COQ/V6.

Mutations in TUBG1, DYNC1H1, KIF5C and KIF2A cause malformations of cortical development and microcephaly.

International audienceThe genetic causes of malformations of cortical development (MCD) remain largely unknown. Here we report the discovery of multiple pathogenic missense mutations in TUBG1, DYNC1H1 and KIF2A, as well as a single germline mosaic mutation in KIF5C, in subjects with MCD. We found a frequent recurrence of mutations in DYNC1H1, implying that this gene is a major locus for unexplained MCD. We further show that the mutations in KIF5C, KIF2A and DYNC1H1 affect ATP hydrolysis, productive protein folding and microtubule binding, respectively. In addition, we show that suppression of mouse Tubg1 expression in vivo interferes with proper neuronal migration, whereas expression of altered γ-tubulin proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae disrupts normal microtubule behavior. Our data reinforce the importance of centrosomal and microtubule-related proteins in cortical development and strongly suggest that microtubule-dependent mitotic and postmitotic processes are major contributors to the pathogenesis of MCD