Stability of nanoscale secondary phases in an oxide dispersion strengthened Fe-12Cr alloy

Transmission electron microscopy and atom-probe tomography were used to characterize on a near-atomic scale the microstructure and oxide and carbide phases that form during thermo-mechanical treatments of a model oxide dispersion strengthened Fe-12 wt.% Cr-0.4 wt.% Y₂O₃ alloy. It was found that some of the Y-rich nanoparticles retained their initial crystallographic structure but developed a Cr-enriched shell, while others evolved into ternary oxide phases during the initial processing. The Y- and Cr-rich oxide phases formed remained stable after annealing at 1023 K for 96 h. However, the number of Cr-rich carbides appeared to increase, inducing Cr depletion in the matrix.the FP6 Euratom Research and Training Programme on Nuclear Energy (VdC), The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (SLP) and The Royal Society (EAM). The Comunidad de Madrid, through the ESTRUMATCM (MAT-77) programme, and the use of the Chemical Database Service at DaresburyPublicad

On some geometric features of the Kramer interior solution for a rotating perfect fluid

Geometric features (including convexity properties) of an exact interior gravitational field due to a self-gravitating axisymmetric body of perfect fluid in stationary, rigid rotation are studied. In spite of the seemingly non-Newtonian features of the bounding surface for some rotation rates, we show, by means of a detailed analysis of the three-dimensional spatial geodesics, that the standard Newtonian convexity properties do hold. A central role is played by a family of geodesics that are introduced here, and provide a generalization of the Newtonian straight lines parallel to the axis of rotation.Comment: LaTeX, 15 pages with 4 Poscript figures. To be published in Classical and Quantum Gravit

Multicenter Evaluation of the QIAstat-Dx Respiratory Panel for the Detection of Viruses and Bacteria in Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens

The QIAstat-Dx Respiratory Panel (QIAstat-Dx RP) is a multiplex in vitro diagnostic test for the qualitative detection of 20 pathogens directly from nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) specimens. The assay is performed using a simple sample-to-answer platform with results available in approximately 69 min. The pathogens identified are adenovirus, coronavirus 229E, coronavirus HKU1, coronavirus NL63, coronavirus OC43, human metapneumovirus A and B, influenza A, influenza A H1, influenza A H3, influenza A H1N1/2009, influenza B, parainfluenza virus 1, parainfluenza virus 2, parainfluenza virus 3, parainfluenza virus 4, rhinovirus/enterovirus, respiratory syncytial virus A and B, Bordetella pertussis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. This multicenter evaluation provides data obtained from 1,994 prospectively collected and 310 retrospectively collected (archived) NPS specimens with performance compared to that of the BioFire FilmArray Respiratory Panel, version 1.7. The overall percent agreement between QIAstat-Dx RP and the comparator testing was 99.5%. In the prospective cohort, the QIAstat-Dx RP demonstrated a positive percent agreement of 94.0% or greater for the detection of all but four analytes: coronaviruses 229E, NL63, and OC43 and rhinovirus/enterovirus. The test also demonstrated a negative percent agreement of ≥97.9% for all analytes. The QIAstat-Dx RP is a robust and accurate assay for rapid, comprehensive testing for respiratory pathogens

Adolescents’ Reasoning about Unambiguous Peer Harm: Variations Across Relationship Contexts and Types of Harm

This thesis examined variations across relationship contexts and types of transgressions in adolescents’ reasoning about unambiguous peer harm at school. A total of 141 Canadian and American adolescents (73 girls, 67 boys, 1 other) ranging from ages 14 to 17 years (M = 15.74 SD = 1.06) responded to four online vignettes depicting psychological or material unambiguous harms committed by a good friend or a peer they did not know. Overall, when the perpetrator was a good friend, youths evaluated the harm as more bad and reported feeling more hurt and sad, but also made more benign attributions and endorsed more restorative responses, as well as more learning and relationship-oriented goals. These findings suggest that even in the face of unambiguous transgressions, youth still found ways to mitigate their friends’ culpability by interpreting their behavior through a more generous lens. Conversely, when the perpetrator was a neutral peer, youths interpreted their behavior as more hostile and endorsed more punitive strategies and justice goals. Regarding situational features of harm, youths judged material harms to have more serious consequences than psychological harms and reported stronger emotional responses to them; youth also interpreted material harms as more hostile and less benign and endorsed more punitive responses. Finally, youth also endorsed more revenge, justice, and learning goals in response to material harms, and more relationship-oriented goals following psychological harms. Overall, this study adds to the literature by examining how youths’ cognitive, affective, and behavioral judgments are informed by socio-contextual features of harm. Ultimately, the more forgiving pattern observed with good friends can inform processes to address peer harm in schools in more peaceful and restorative ways

Algorithmic Debugging of Real-World Haskell Programs: Deriving Dependencies from the Cost Centre Stack

Existing algorithmic debuggers for Haskell require a transformation of all modules in a program, even libraries that the user does not want to debug and which may use language features not supported by the debugger. This is a pity, because a promising ap- proach to debugging is therefore not applicable to many real-world programs. We use the cost centre stack from the Glasgow Haskell Compiler profiling environment together with runtime value observations as provided by the Haskell Object Observation Debugger (HOOD) to collect enough information for algorithmic debugging. Program annotations are in suspected modules only. With this technique algorithmic debugging is applicable to a much larger set of Haskell programs. This demonstrates that for functional languages in general a simple stack trace extension is useful to support tasks such as profiling and debugging

Integration of NOS Instruction into a Physical Science Content Course for Elementary Teachers: Enhancing Efforts of Teacher Education Programs?

This conference paper was presented at the 2005 NARST Annual Meeting in Dallas, TX.This study investigated the effectiveness of integrating explicit-and-reflective NOS instruction into a physics course for pre-service elementary teachers. Reflective discussions, student scenarios, and content-generic NOS activities were incorporated into both lecture and laboratory components of the course. The VNOS-C was used to assess students' views of NOS prior to and upon completion of the course. Significant and favorable changes in students' views were evident for all the aspects of NOS emphasized, however there were also negative shifts in views apparent in students' views of the socio-cultural embeddedness of science. While positive changes in NOS views resulted from the explicit-and-reflective interventions, there is also evidence that implicit messages about NOS played a role in the development of students' ideas. The results of this study suggest that content courses may be a productive venue for improving preservice teachers' views of NOS

Effects of locally generated wind waves on the momentum budget and subtidal exchange in a coastal plain estuary

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans 124(2), (2019):1005-1028, doi:10.1029/2018JC014585.A numerical model with a vortex force formalism is used to study the role of wind waves in the momentum budget and subtidal exchange of a shallow coastal plain estuary, Delaware Bay. Wave height and age in the bay have a spatial distribution that is controlled by bathymetry and fetch, with implications for the surface drag coefficient in young, underdeveloped seas. Inclusion of waves in the model leads to increases in the surface drag coefficient by up to 30% with respect to parameterizations in which surface drag is only a function of wind speed, in agreement with recent observations of air‐sea fluxes in estuaries. The model was modified to prevent whitecapping wave dissipation from generating breaking forces since that contribution is integrally equivalent to the wind stress. The proposed adjustment is consistent with previous studies of wave‐induced nearshore currents and with additional parameterizations for breaking forces in the model. The mean momentum balance during a simulated wind event was mainly between the pressure gradient force and surface stress, with negligible contributions by vortex, wave breaking (i.e., depth‐induced), and Stokes‐Coriolis forces. Modeled scenarios with realistic Delaware bathymetry suggest that the subtidal bay‐ocean exchange at storm time scales is sensitive to wave‐induced surface drag coefficient, wind direction, and mass transport due to the Stokes drift. Results herein are applicable to shallow coastal systems where the typical wave field is young (i.e., wind seas) and modulated by bathymetry.This work was supported by National Science Foundation Coastal SEES grant 1325136. We acknowledge Christopher Sommerfield's Group, Jia‐Lin Chen, and Julia Levin who provided assistance with the model configuration. We also thank Nirnimesh Kumar, Greg Gerbi, Melissa Moulton, and the Rutgers Ocean Modeling group for constructive feedback. Insightful comments by two anonymous reviewers helped improve the manuscript. Model files are available in an open access repository (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1695900).2019-07-2

The influence of different soil types in the pesticide residue analysis method performance

Pesticide residues in soils cause increasing environmental problems. The underlying biological activity of herbicides from one cropping season to another could affect the productivity of the new crops. Agricultural practices also influence the herbicide level and their accumulation in soil. They interact with soil particles through absorption or adsorption by ionic interactions and other forces ruled by physicochemical properties such as Kow, Henry´s law constant, and Koc, as concentration dependent phenomena but soil texture and composition  play a decisive role in their environmental behavior. To understand the general effect, the residues concentrations have to be precisely known.  Although traditional pesticides such as organophosphates, pyerthorids and carbamates can be straightforward analysed in soils through general multirresidue methods, the determination of multiherbicide residues is a difficult task because soil is a complex and variable analytical matrix as different analyte/matrix interactions present. Herbicides are seldom applied alone but there are few methods reported capable of analysing high number of compounds. We studied the influence of 4 characteristics soils from Uruguay in 4 different methods for the residue analysis of 18 herbicides. Loam soils are the most common soils in Uruguay followed by clay ones and combinations of the two, with variable amounts of organic matter. The key step in this type of analysis is the extraction step. Seeking for a method usefull to analyze most of the soils types in Uruguay, we faced a systematic study using four different extraction procedures ( Methanol, Mixtures MeOH-Ethyl Acetate and Methanol-basic water). Nevertheless, in a first approach, we were not able to find a single method with aceptable performance for every soil under study. According to the type of soil, the best extraction solvent varied. The amount of organic matter played a role but also the texture of the soils was determinant for the method success. Finally, a two step extraction method gave the best results. The soil is firstly extracted with MeOH followed by a water extraction. The extracts are combined and analyzeed using LC-MS/MS. Herbicides could be determined at 0,1-1µg/Kg level. The method was succesfully applied to the herbicide residue analysis of more than 80 soil samples during three cropping seasons, where many pesticides were detected (Clomazone, Quinclorac, Benzosulfuron, Propanyl, Atrazine,Ametryn, among others )

Epicrania fugax with backward radiation: clinical characteristics of nine new cases

Epicrania fugax (EF) is a novel syndrome, described as a paroxysmal and brief head pain, starting in posterior cranial regions and rapidly spreading forward ipsilateral eye, nose or forehead. Two patients with comparable clinical features stemming from frontal scalp to ipsilateral posterior regions have been recently described and proposed as backward radiation epicrania fugax (BREF). We report a new series of nine BREF and compare their clinical characteristics with 18 forward radiation EF (FREF). Since first description of BREF in February 2010 we have assessed nine patients (four males, five females) with this clinical picture at an outpatient headache office in a Tertiary Hospital. Comparison is established with 18 FREF patients (6 males, 12 females), attended since the publication of first series of EF in March 2008. We found no differences between BREF and FREF, respectively, in age at onset (43.4 ± 13.1 vs. 42.5 ± 17.7 years), female/male ratio (5/4 vs. 12/6), pain intensity (6.9 ± 2.1 vs. 6.8 ± 2.1 in a 0–10 visual analogical scale), duration (7.1 ± 4.9 vs. 5.7 ± 4.3 s) and frequency of episodes per day (7 ± 8.4 vs. 9.9 ± 15.4). Patients in BREF group presented less frequently interictal pain in stemming point (22.2 vs. 55.5%) and accompanying autonomic signs (33.3 vs. 55.5%), but without statistical significance in both the cases. This series reinforces the proposal of EF as a new headache variant or a new headache syndrome. Clinical picture of brief pain paroxysms starting in the anterior scalp and radiating backwards does not fit known headaches or neuralgias and might correspond to a reverse variant of EF, clinical characteristics of which are comparable to FREF

Effects of a resistance training intervention on the strength-deficit of elite young soccer players

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a traditional resistance training scheme on the relative strength (RS), relative peak-force (RPF), strength deficit (SDef), and vertical jump and sprint abilities in elite young soccer players. Thirty-five under-20 soccer players from two professional clubs were assessed before and after a 4-week competitive period. One team performed 12 sessions of a structured resistance training program and the other maintained their regular soccer-specific training and competitive routines. The resistance training program consisted of performing half-squat and jump squat exercises at distinct percentages of the one-repetition maximum. Both teams performed pre- and post-measurements in the following order: (1) countermovement jump (CMJ), (2) 20-m sprint, and (3) half-squat one-repetition maximum to determine the RS, RPF, and SDef. A two-way analysis of variance was used to test for group x time interaction among variables. Effect sizes (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were also calculated. Group x time interactions were demonstrated for RS ([ES [95%CI] = 1.21 [0.57; 1.85], P = 0.001), RPF (ES [95%CI] = 1.18 [0.52; 1.80], P = 0.001), SDef (ES [95%CI] = 0.86 [0.01; 1.71], P = 0.04), and CMJ (ES [95%CI] = 0.64 [0.28; 0.99], P = 0.001); whereas a non-significant interaction was observed for 20-m sprint performance (ES [95%CI] = 0.02 [-0.32; 0.36], P = 0.85). Traditional strength-power oriented training resulted in improved maximum strength performance and CMJ ability but, paradoxically, increased the SDef. As a consequence, stronger athletes are not necessarily able to use greater percentages of their peak-force against relatively lighter loads