Changes in foot posture during pregnancy and their relation with musculoskeletal pain: A longitudinal cohort study

Aim: To examine foot posture changes during the three trimesters of pregnancy and to determine whether there is a relationship between these changes and the pain experienced in this period. Methods: The study sample consisted of 62 pregnant women who attended the Gynaecology Service at Hospital Santa María del Puerto (Cádiz, Spain), between January 2013 and May 2014. In their first visit, the following sociodemographic and anthropometric data were recorded: age, weight, height and foot size. In addition, information was obtained regarding pain in the lower back, knees, ankles and feet. In this first visit, too, the Foot Posture Index (FPI) was assessed, and three subsequent controls were performed during the first, second and third months of pregnancy (termed Stages 1, 2 and 3, respectively). Results: In Stage 1, the average foot size (i.e., shoe size) was 38.3 (SD 1.5). This size did not change between Stages 1, 2 and 3. However, body weight and BMI did present statistically significant changes during this period (p < 0.0001). The FPI varied during pregnancy but no relation was observed between these changes and the onset of pain. Conclusions: During pregnancy, pronation increases but this does not appear to influence the onset of pain in the lower limb

Structure and dynamics of water plastic crystals from computer simulations

Water has a rich phase diagram with several crystals, as confirmed by experiments. High-pressure and high-temperature water is of interest for Earth’s mantle and exoplanetary investigations. It is in this region of the phase diagram of water that new plastic crystal phases of water have been revealed via computer simulations by both classical forcefields and ab initio calculations. However, these plastic phases still remain elusive in experiments. Here, we present a complete characterization of the structure, dynamics, and thermodynamics of the computational plastic crystal phases of water using molecular dynamics and the two-phase thermodynamic method and uncover the interplay between them. The relaxation times of different reorientational correlation functions are obtained for the hypothetical body-centered-cubic and face-centered-cubic plastic crystal phases of water at T = 440 K and P = 8 GPa. Results are compared to a high pressure liquid and ice VII phases to improve the understanding of the plastic crystal phases. Entropy results indicate that the fcc crystal is more stable compared to the bcc structure under the studied conditions.Postprint (published version

Kinematic analysis of the spine during placement on 2 transfer devices: a spinal backboard and a scoop stretcher

Objective. To analyze and compare measurements of spine kinematics during prehospital emergency responders’ placement of a patient on a spinal backboard or a scoop stretcher. Methods. Cross sectional, quasi-experimental clinical simulation to compare misalignment (main endpoint) by means of data from a 3-dimensional motion capture system. Results. Mean (SD) misalignment during placement on the 2 devices was 37.53° (14.15°). By device, mean misalignment was 31.08° (6.38°) for the scoop stretcher and 43.97° (7.97°) for the backboard (P=.048). Conclusion. Less misalignment occurs during placement on the scoop stretcher than on the spinal backboard.Actividad Física y Deport

Effect of training in advanced trauma life support on the kinematics of the spine: A simulation study.

More than 7.5 million people in the world are affected by spinal cord injury (SCI). In this study, we aimed to analyze the effect of training in advanced trauma life support (ATLS) on the kinematics of the spine when performing different mobilization and immobilization techniques on patients with suspected SCI. A quasi-experimental study, clinical simulation, was carried out to determine the effect of training in ATLS on 32 students enrolled in the Master's program of Emergency and Special Care Nursing. The evaluation was performed through 2 maneuvers: placing of the scoop stretcher (SS) and spinal board (SB), with an actor who simulated a clinical situation of suspected spinal injury. The misalignment of the spine was measured with the use of a Vicon 3D motion capture system, before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the training. In the overall misalignment of both maneuvers, statistically significant differences were found between the pre-test misalignment of 62.1° ± 25.9°, and the post-test misalignment of 32.3° ± 10.0°, with a difference between means of 29.7° [(95% confidence interval, 95% CI 22.8–36.6°), (P = .001)]. The results obtained for the placing of the SS showed that there was a pre-test misalignment of 65.1° ± 28.7°, and a post-test misalignment of 33.2° ± 10.1°, with a difference of means of 33.9° [(95% CI, 23.1–44.6°), (P = .001)]. During the placing of the SB, a pre-test misalignment of 59.0° ± 28.7° and a post-test misalignment of 33.4° ± 10.0° were obtained, as well as a difference of means of 25.6° [(95% CI 16.6–34.6°), (P = .001)]. The main conclusion of this study is that training in ATLS decreases the misalignment provoked during the utilization of the SS and SB, regardless of the device used.Actividad Física y Deport

High frequency of toxigenic Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens coinfection among diarrheic patients at health care facility-onset (HCFO) and community-onset (CO) centers in Bogotá, Colombia

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of toxigenic C. difficile and C. perfringens infections at health care facility-onset (HCFO) and community-onset (CO), in two health care centers (HCC) in Bogotá, Colombia. A total of 220 stool samples from patients presenting diarrhea acquired at HCFO or CO were analyzed by several PCR tests. Results: We found that 65.5% (n = 144) of the population had C. difficile infection, followed by toxigenic C. difficile with 57.3% (n = 126), and finally toxigenic C. perfringens with a frequency of 32.7% (n = 72). Conclusions: This study is the first molecular detection and characterization of C. difficile and C. perfringens in HCFO and CO in Latin America and demonstrates a relevant frequency of these two species, including coinfection and strikingly diverse toxigenic profiles, especially in the CO. © 2019 The Author(s)

Realidad virtual para enseñar reanimación cardiopulmonar en el Grado de Educación Primaria. Estudio comparativo

The importance of the present study comes from the methodological possibilities derived for a complex and fundamental area within health sciences, such as basic life support in general, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in particular. The objective of the present study is to analyze the effect of an serious game (SG), through the use of Virtual Reality (VR) goggles, on university students. This is a comparative study with a pre-post evaluation, with students enrolled in the Primary Education Degree, which analyzes the effect of an education game (with VR goggles) on CPR training. Among the results, we highlight that the mean quality of the chest compressions obtained previous results of 30% (SD 28), while the latter result was 47% (SD 27) [differences in means of 17% (95% CI 7-26), p&lt;0.001]. Likewise, the training through VR decreased the performance times of each of the skills evaluated from the chain of survival, except for the start of the chest compressions. In conclusion, we underline that the SG analyzed, through VR goggles, improved the performance of the CPR maneuvers. In addition, the educational use of VR made it possible for university students enrolled in the Primary Education Degree to obtain not only better theoretical-conceptual results, but also allowed them to acquire competencies and skills related to CPR.La relevancia de la presente investigación reside en las posibilidades metodológicas que se derivan para un ámbito tan complejo y fundamental dentro de las ciencias de la salud, como es el soporte vital básico, en general, y la reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP) en particular. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el efecto que un juego formativo (JF), a través de gafas de Realidad Virtual (RV), tiene en alumnos universitarios. Se trata de un estudio comparativo con evaluación pre-post, con alumnos del Grado en Educación Primaria, donde se analiza el efecto de un JF (a través de gafas de RV) en la formación en RCP. Entre los resultados destacamos que, la calidad media de las compresiones torácicas obtuvo unos resultados previos del 30 % (DE 28) y la posterior fue del 47% (DE 27) [diferencia de medias 17% (IC95% 7-26), p&lt;0,001]. Así mismo, la formación mediante RV ha conseguido disminuir los tiempos de actuación para cada una de las habilidades evaluadas de la cadena de supervivencia, a excepción del inicio de las compresiones torácicas. Como conclusión destacamos que, el JF analizado, al que accedieron a través de gafas de RV, consiguió mejorar la realización de las maniobras de RCP. Además, el uso educativo de RV, ha conseguido que los estudiantes universitarios del Grado de Educación Primaria obtengan, no solo unos mejores resultados teórico-conceptuales, sino también, una adquisición de competencias y habilidades relacionadas con la RCP

Impacto de liderazgos alternativos juveniles en el contexto de algunas instituciones educativas colombianas

Analizar el impacto de los liderazgos alternativos juveniles en el contexto de algunas instituciones educativas colombianasEl presente trabajo de investigación tiene por objetivo analizar el impacto de los liderazgos alternativos juveniles en el contexto de las instituciones educativas colombianas. En efecto, este estudio detalla elementos esenciales de observación a partir de categorías específicas de investigación consecuentes a la formación integral de los liderazgos juveniles en Colombia, además, se encuentra estructurado a partir de la pregunta problema que busca determinar el impacto de los liderazgos alternativos juveniles en el contexto de las instituciones educativas. Para efectos del desarrollo investigativo, esta investigación se desarrolló en varias etapas, las cuales corresponden al marco general de la investigación, en una primera etapa se revisaron los antecedentes o estudios previos sobre liderazgo alternativo en contextos educativos, así como la justificación del problema de investigación, concluyendo con el planteamiento de la pregunta de investigación, así como el objetivo general y los objetivos específicos. En una segunda etapa, se desarrolló el sustento teórico de la investigació

Impacto de liderazgos alternativos juveniles en el contexto de algunas instituciones educativas colombianas

Analizar el impacto de los liderazgos alternativos juveniles en el contexto de algunas instituciones educativas colombianasEl presente trabajo de investigación tiene por objetivo analizar el impacto de los liderazgos alternativos juveniles en el contexto de las instituciones educativas colombianas. En efecto, este estudio detalla elementos esenciales de observación a partir de categorías específicas de investigación consecuentes a la formación integral de los liderazgos juveniles en Colombia, además, se encuentra estructurado a partir de la pregunta problema que busca determinar el impacto de los liderazgos alternativos juveniles en el contexto de las instituciones educativas. Para efectos del desarrollo investigativo, esta investigación se desarrolló en varias etapas, las cuales corresponden al marco general de la investigación, en una primera etapa se revisaron los antecedentes o estudios previos sobre liderazgo alternativo en contextos educativos, así como la justificación del problema de investigación, concluyendo con el planteamiento de la pregunta de investigación, así como el objetivo general y los objetivos específicos. En una segunda etapa, se desarrolló el sustento teórico de la investigació

Registro Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas u Originarias del Perú - RENALIO / TOMO I Lenguas indígenas u originarias andinas

Publicación sobre el RENALIO, el cual es un instrumento técnico que contiene la lista oficial de las lenguas indígenas u originarias comprendidas en el Mapa Etnolingüístico del Perú. El Tomo I del RENALIO se encuentra dedicado a brindar información sobre las lenguas andinas del Perú. Contenido: Marco conceptual -- Registro Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas u Originarias -- Lenguas indígenas u originarias andinas vigentes -- Lenguas indígenas u originarias andinas extintas

Pivotal Role of Adenosine Neurotransmission in Restless Legs Syndrome

The symptomatology of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) includes periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS), dysesthesias, and hyperarousal. Alterations in the dopaminergic system, a presynaptic hyperdopaminergic state, seem to be involved in PLMS, while alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission, a presynaptic hyperglutamatergic state, seem to be involved in hyperarousal and also PLMS. Brain iron deficiency (BID) is well-recognized as a main initial pathophysiological mechanism of RLS. BID in rodents have provided a pathogenetic model of RLS that recapitulates the biochemical alterations of the dopaminergic system of RLS, although without PLMS-like motor abnormalities. On the other hand, BID in rodents reproduces the circadian sleep architecture of RLS, indicating the model could provide clues for the hyperglutamatergic state in RLS. We recently showed that BID in rodents is associated with changes in adenosinergic transmission, with downregulation of adenosine A1 receptors (A1R) as the most sensitive biochemical finding. It was hypothesized that A1R downregulation leads to hypersensitive striatal glutamatergic terminals and facilitation of striatal dopamine release. Hypersensitivity of striatal glutamatergic terminals was demonstrated by an optogenetic-microdialysis approach in the rodent with BID, indicating that it could represent a main pathogenetic factor that leads to PLMS in RLS. In fact, the dopaminergic agonists pramipexole and ropinirole and the α2δ ligand gabapentin, used in the initial symptomatic treatment of RLS, completely counteracted optogenetically-induced glutamate release from both normal and BID-induced hypersensitive corticostriatal glutamatergic terminals. It is a main tenet of this essay that, in RLS, a single alteration in the adenosinergic system, downregulation of A1R, disrupts the adenosine-dopamine-glutamate balance uniquely controlled by adenosine and dopamine receptor heteromers in the striatum and also the A1R-mediated inhibitory control of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the cortex and other non-striatal brain areas, which altogether determine both PLMS and hyperarousal. Since A1R agonists would be associated with severe cardiovascular effects, it was hypothesized that inhibitors of nucleoside equilibrative transporters, such as dipyridamole, by increasing the tonic A1R activation mediated by endogenous adenosine, could represent a new alternative therapeutic strategy for RLS. In fact, preliminary clinical data indicate that dipyridamole can significantly improve the symptomatology of RLS