Washhouses where women wash. A contradictory and diffuse space in urban policies

La globalización, que se caracteriza por una fuerte interrelación y dependencia a nivel mundial, conlleva una creciente homogeneización de aspectos económicos, tecnológicos y culturales. Sin embargo, el territorio sigue siendo un hecho diferenciado en cada región debido a factores naturales propios, pero también a prácticas humanas que lo transforman adaptándolo a necesidades y circunstancias locales. Cada territorio genera experiencias de vida diversas cuya memoria se refleja en el paisaje, el espacio urbano o el patrimonio, imprimiendo un carácter y una identidad particular a cada lugar. Uno de los factores determinantes en la configuración del paisaje es el agua y es un hecho universal la relación de las mujeres con tareas relacionadas con el agua. En esta curiosa interrelación entre globalización y lógicas locales el estudio de los lavaderos nos da la oportunidad de caracterizar un paisaje concreto de manera integral e indagar, al mismo tiempo, otras cuestiones relacionadas con las condiciones de trabajo de las mujeres y su memoria. La Nueva Agenda Urbana podría proveer un urbanismo más sostenible teniendo en cuenta todo ello.The globalization process, characterised by major worldwide interrelation and dependency, is entailing increasingly uniform economic, technological and cultural aspects. Territory nevertheless continues to be a different reality in each part of the planet due to natural factors (geomorphology, soil or climate), but also to human practices transforming this to adapt to local needs and circumstances. Each area thus generates diverse life experiences whose memory is reflected in the landscape, in urban areas or heritage, giving each place its specific character and identity. One of the determining factors in forming the landscape is water and it seems a universal fact that women are assigned many tasks involving water. In this curious interrelation between global and local spheres the study of washhouses is used for comprehensively characterising a particular landscape but with a specific use of space than concerns women’s work conditions and memory. The New Urban Agenda could provide a better sustainable urbanization linked with that

Trasplante pancreático

Diabetes mellitus is a health concern of the first order, given the high level of associated morbidity and mortality. The objective, in order to slow down the advance of its complications before they become irreversible, is based on correct metabolic control. The high rate of morbidity associated with the surgery of the vascularized pancreas transplant and the high index of rejection have for three decades formed an obstacle to this being considered a valid alternative in the treatment of these patients. Nowadays the pancreas transplant has come to occupy a key position, thanks to the new regimes of immunosuppression and to the perfection of surgical techniques. In this article we review the evolution of the pancreas transplant from its beginnings to its present state

Cirugía laparoscópica hepática y pancreática

The development of laparoscopic surgery also includes the more complex procedures of abdominal surgery such as those that affect the liver and the pancreas. From diagnostic laparoscopy, accompanied by laparoscopic echography, to major hepatic or pancreatic resections, the laparoscopic approach has spread and today encompasses practically all of the surgical procedures in hepatopancreatic pathology. Without forgetting that the aim of minimally invasive surgery is not a better aesthetic result but the reduction of postoperative complications, it is undeniable that the laparoscopic approach has brought great benefits for the patient in every type of surgery except, for the time being, in the case of big resections such as left or right hepatectomy or resections of segments VII and VIII. Pancreatic surgery has undergone a great development with laparoscopy, especially in the field of distal pancreatectomy due to cystic and neuroendocrine tumours where the approach of choice is laparoscopic. Laparoscopy similarly plays an important role, together with echolaparoscopy, in staging pancreatic tumours, prior to open surgery or for indicating suitable treatment. In coming years, it is to be hoped that it will continue to undergo an exponential development and, together with the advances in robotics, it will be possible to witness a greater impact of the laparoscopic approach on the field of hepatic and pancreatic surgery

Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Biphosphate-Dependent Rearrangement of TRPV4 Cytosolic Tails Enables Channel Activation by Physiological Stimuli

Most transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are regulated by phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate (PIP$_2$), although the structural rearrangements occurring on PIP$_2$ binding are currently far from clear. Here we report that activation of the TRP vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel by hypotonic and heat stimuli requires PIP$_2$ binding to and rearrangement of the cytosolic tails. Neutralization of the positive charges within the sequence $^{121}$KRWRK$^{125}$, which resembles a phosphoinositide-binding site, rendered the channel unresponsive to hypotonicity and heat but responsive to 4α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate, an agonist that binds directly to transmembrane domains. Similar channel response was obtained by depletion of PIP$_2$ from the plasma membrane with translocatable phosphatases in heterologous expression systems or by activation of phospholipase C in native ciliated epithelial cells. PIP$_2$ facilitated TRPV4 activation by the osmotransducing cytosolic messenger 5′-6’-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid and allowed channel activation by heat in inside-out patches. Protease protection assays demonstrated a PIP$_2$-binding site within the N-tail. The proximity of TRPV4 tails, analyzed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer, increased by depleting PIP$_2$ mutations in the phosphoinositide site or by coexpression with protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons 3 (PACSIN3), a regulatory molecule that binds TRPV4 N-tails and abrogates activation by cell swelling and heat. PACSIN3 lacking the Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (F-BAR) domain interacted with TRPV4 without affecting channel activation or tail rearrangement. Thus, mutations weakening the TRPV4–PIP$_2$ interacting site and conditions that deplete PIP$_2$ or restrict access of TRPV4 to PIP$_2$—in the case of PACSIN3—change tail conformation and negatively affect channel activation by hypotonicity and heat.Molecular and Cellular Biolog

RING1B contributes to Ewing sarcoma development by repressing the Na(V)1.6 sodium channel and the NF-kappa B pathway, independently of the fusion oncoprotein

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive tumor defined by EWSR1 gene fusions that behave as an oncogene. Here we demonstrate that RING1B is highly expressed in primary ES tumors, and its expression is independent of the fusion oncogene. RING1B-depleted ES cells display an expression profile enriched in genes functionally involved in hematological development but RING1B depletion does not induce cellular differentiation. In ES cells, RING1B directly binds the SCN8A sodium channel promoter and its depletion results in enhanced Nav1.6 expression and function. The signaling pathway most significantly modulated by RING1B is NF-κB. RING1B depletion results in enhanced p105/p50 expression, which sensitizes ES cells to apoptosis by FGFR/SHP2/STAT3 blockade. Reduced NaV1.6 function protects ES cells from apoptotic cell death by maintaining low NF-κB levels. Our findings identify RING1B as a trait of the cell-of-origin and provide a potential targetable vulnerability.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad SAF2012-31089 and SAF2015-69762-RMEC FEDER RD12/0036/0017, PT13/0010/0056, RTC-2014- 2102-1, ISCIII Sara Borrell CD06/00001, PI12/03102, PI14/01466European FP7 Projects EuroSARC FP7- HEALTH-2011-two-stage, Project 278742 EUROSARCEuroewing FP7-HEALTH.2013.2.4.1-1, Project 60285

Módulo Moodle: trabajos fin de grado

Ponencia presentada en: VI Jornadas de Innovación Docente de la UBU, Burgos, 23 y 24 de febrero de 2012, organizadas por el Instituto de Formación e Innovación Educativa-IFIE de la Universidad de Burgo

Pancreatectomía central en tumores benignos del cuello del páncreas

The surgical treatment of benign tumors of the neck of the pancreas usually consists of enucleation or formal pancreatectomy. Central pancreatectomy has been put forward because it has fewer major complications and can preserve endocrine and exocrine function. Between January 1999 and march 2003, three patients with benign tumors of the neck of the pancreas underwent central pancreatectomy. all patients underwent computed tomography scans, intraoperative ultrasound and frozen-section analysis. pathologic examination showed two mucinous cystadenomas and one serous cystadenoma. after a mean follow-up of 34 months, none of the patients has shown major complications or local recurrence, or has developed diabetes. In conclusion, central pancreatectomy is a useful technique for selected benign or low-grade malignant pancreatic tumors of the neck of the pancreas

Cine y Biología: Una experiencia docente realizada por los estudiantes

El artículo narra una experiencia de un ciclo de cine organizada por los propios estudiantes susceptible de ser reconocida para obtener créditos de libre elección. La actividad fue realizada durante el curso 2009-10 en los estudios de Biología de la Universidad Pompeu Fabra (UPF) de Barcelona.La organización de la actividad y la evaluación de los alumnos matriculados fueron llevadas a cabo por los estudiantes organizadores bajo la supervisión del decano de la facultad.La experiencia fue evaluada positivamente por el alto número de matriculados, por la participación de los mismos y por el resultado de la evaluación de las memorias que tenían que realizar los matriculados. La actividad podría considerarse como un buen ejemplo de implicación de los propios estudiantes en su formación, tanto técnica como humana.</p

Piezo2 channel regulates RhoA and actin cytoskeleton to promote cell mechanobiological responses

International audienceActin polymerization and assembly into stress fibers (SFs) is central to many cellular processes. However, how SFs form in response to the mechanical interaction of cells with their environment is not fully understood. Here we have identified Piezo2 mechanosensi-tive cationic channel as a transducer of environmental physical cues into mechanobiological responses. Piezo2 is needed by brain metastatic cells from breast cancer (MDA-MB-231-BrM2) to probe their physical environment as they anchor and pull on their surroundings or when confronted with confined migration through narrow pores. Piezo2-mediated Ca 2+ influx activates RhoA to control the formation and orientation of SFs and focal adhesions (FAs). A possible mechanism for the Piezo2-mediated activation of RhoA involves the recruitment of the Fyn kinase to the cell leading edge as well as calpain activation. Knockdown of Piezo2 in BrM2 cells alters SFs, FAs, and nuclear translocation of YAP; a phenotype rescued by overexpression of dominant-positive RhoA or its downstream effector, mDia1. Consequently, hallmarks of cancer invasion and metastasis related to RhoA, actin cytoskeleton, and/or force transmission, such as migration, extracellular matrix degradation, and Serpin B2 secretion, were reduced in cells lacking Piezo2. mechanotransduction | calcium signaling | RhoA | actin stress fibers | cance

Piezo2 channel regulates RhoA and actin cytoskeleton to promote cell mechanobiological responses

Actin polymerization and assembly into stress fibers (SFs) is central to many cellular processes. However, how SFs form in response to the mechanical interaction of cells with their environment is not fully understood. Here we have identified Piezo2 mechanosensitive cationic channel as a transducer of environmental physical cues into mechanobiological responses. Piezo2 is needed by brain metastatic cells from breast cancer (MDA-MB-231-BrM2) to probe their physical environment as they anchor and pull on their surroundings or when confronted with confined migration through narrow pores. Piezo2-mediated Ca2+ influx activates RhoA to control the formation and orientation of SFs and focal adhesions (FAs). A possible mechanism for the Piezo2-mediated activation of RhoA involves the recruitment of the Fyn kinase to the cell leading edge as well as calpain activation. Knockdown of Piezo2 in BrM2 cells alters SFs, FAs, and nuclear translocation of YAP; a phenotype rescued by overexpression of dominant-positive RhoA or its downstream effector, mDia1. Consequently, hallmarks of cancer invasion and metastasis related to RhoA, actin cytoskeleton, and/or force transmission, such as migration, extracellular matrix degradation, and Serpin B2 secretion, were reduced in cells lacking Piezo2