Selective Hydration of Nitriles to Corresponding Amides in Air with Rh(I)-N-Heterocyclic Complex Catalysts

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Impacts of Plastics on Plant Development: Recent Advances and Future Research Directions

Plastics have inundated the world, with microplastics (MPs) being small particles, less than 5 mm in size, originating from various sources. They pervade ecosystems such as freshwater and marine environments, soils, and the atmosphere. MPs, due to their small size and strong adsorption capacity, pose a threat to plants by inhibiting seed germination, root elongation, and nutrient absorption. The accumulation of MPs induces oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity in plants, which also impacts plant development, mineral nutrition, photosynthesis, toxic accumulation, and metabolite production in plant tissues. Furthermore, roots can absorb nanoplastics (NPs), which are then distributed to stems, leaves, and fruits. As MPs and NPs harm organisms and ecosystems, they raise concerns about physical damage and toxic effects on animals, and the potential impact on human health via food webs. Understanding the environmental fate and effects of MPs is essential, along with strategies to reduce their release and mitigate consequences. However, a full understanding of the effects of different plastics, whether traditional or biodegradable, on plant development is yet to be achieved. This review offers an up-to-date overview of the latest known effects of plastics on plants

Oxidative potential in rural, suburban and city centre atmospheric environments in central Europe

Oxidative potential (OP) is an emerging health-related metric which integrates several physicochemical properties of particulate matter (PM) that are involved in the pathogenesis of the diseases resulting from exposure to PM. Daily PM2.5-fraction aerosol samples collected in the rural background of the Carpathian Basin and in the suburban area and centre of its largest city of Budapest in each season over 1 year were utilised to study the OP at the related locations for the first time. The samples were analysed for particulate matter mass, main carbonaceous species, levoglucosan and 20 chemical elements. The resulting data sets were subjected to positive matrix factorisation to derive the main aerosol sources. Biomass burning (BB), suspended dust, road traffic, oil combustion mixed with coal combustion and long-range transport, vehicle metal wear, and mixed industrial sources were identified. The OP of the sample extracts in simulated lung fluid was determined by ascorbic acid (AA) and dithiothreitol (DTT) assays. The comparison of the OP data sets revealed some differences in the sensitivities of the assays. In the heating period, both the OP and PM mass levels were higher than in spring and summer, but there was a clear misalignment between them. In addition, the heating period : non-heating period OP ratios in the urban locations were larger than for the rural background by factors of 2–4. The OP data sets were attributed to the main aerosol sources using multiple linear regression with the weighted least squares approach. The OP was unambiguously dominated by BB at all sampling locations in winter and autumn. The joint effects of motor vehicles involving the road traffic and vehicle metal wear played the most important role in summer and spring, with considerable contributions from oil combustion and resuspended dust. In winter, there is temporal coincidence between the most severe daily PM health limit exceedances in the whole Carpathian Basin and the chemical PM composition causing larger OP. Similarly, in spring and summer, there is a spatial coincidence in Budapest between the urban hotspots of OP-active aerosol constituents from traffic and the high population density in central quarters. These features offer possibilities for more efficient season-specific air quality regulations focusing on well-selected aerosol sources or experimentally determined OP, rather than on PM mass in general.</p

Ir(I)-NHC és Ir(I)-NHC-foszfin komplexek előállítása, katalitikus tulajdonságainak vizsgálata: Synthesis of Ir(I)-NHC and Ir(I)-NHC-phosphine complexes, explore their catalytic properties

During our research we have synthetized various Ir(I)-carbene and Ir(I)-carbene-phosphine complexes[1][2][3] and we have studied their catalytic properties in transfer hydrogenation reactions[3] and hydrogenations of ketones and dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols. Ten of the catalysts were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The reaction rate of the transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone showed strong dependence on the water concentration of the solvent, indicating preferential solvation of the catalytically active metal complexes. Kivonat Munkánk során többféle Ir(I)-karbén és Ir(I)-karbén-foszfin vegyes ligandumú katalizátort[1][2][3] állítottunk elő, melyek katalitikus tulajdonságait vizsgáltuk ketonok hidrogénezési, transzfer hidrogénezési[3] reakcióiban és szekunder alkoholok dehidrogénezésében. Tíz katalizátornak meghatároztuk az egykristály röntgenszerkezetét is. Az acetofenon transzfer hidrogénezése során erős vízhatást figyeltünk meg, ami jelezte a katalitikusan aktív fémkomplexek előnyös szolvatálását

Myosin heavy chain and cardiac troponin T damage is associated with impaired myofibrillar ATPase activity contributing to sarcomeric dysfunction in Ca2+-paradox rat hearts

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