Melhoramento genético em espécies nativas com potencial ornamental no INTA – Argentina

O presente trabalho apresenta as atividades desenvolvidas no estágio curricular obrigatório, o qual foi realizado no Instituto de Floricultura, pertencente ao Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria – INTA, na cidade de Hurlingham, Argentina, no período de verão de 2017. O objetivo principal do estágio foi o acompanhamento e realização de atividades relacionadas ao melhoramento genético de plantas ornamentais e um ensaio de instalação de telhados verdes com a utilização de espécies nativas com potencial ornamental. O estágio proporcionou aprendizado, experiência e crescimento profissional e pessoal

Fotoblastismo e germinação de sementes de Campomanesia aurea (Myrtaceae)

Campomanesia aurea (Myrtaceae) is a native species from the Pampa region. It has edible fruits, ornamental characteristics and ability to recover potential degraded areas. It is naturally propagated by seeds. However, for its most efficient use for seedling production or replanting of vegetation, a basic knowledge about the conditions required for maximum germination is required. The objective of this work is to evaluate the germination of C. aurea seeds and its germinative behavior under different light conditions. Seeds from three collection sites were analyzed as for photoblastism, provenance and maturation by germination test, germination speed index, mean germination time and normal seedling formation. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and compared by Tukey test at 5% probability of error. For the three collection sites, no differences were observed for germination and the MGT of seeds in the absence or presence of light, indicating that it is a neutral photoblastic species. For different collection sites, no differences were observed for germination percentage, but seeds collected in Barão do Triunfo showed higher GSI and normal seedling formation than seeds collected at Morro do Osso and Morro Santana. Such differences may be related to the degree of fruit maturation and seed moisture. Seeds of C. aurea are neutral photoblastic, and present a germination rate higher than 85%.Campomanesia aurea (Myrtaceae) é uma espécie nativa do Pampa. Possui frutos comestível, potencial ornamental e para recuperação de áreas degradadas. Propaga-se naturalmente por sementes, contudo, para sua utilização com maior eficiência para a produção de mudas ou recomposição da vegetação, são necessários conhecimentos básicos das condições necessárias para se obter máxima germinação. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a germinação de sementes de C. aurea e o comportamento germinativo em diferentes condições de luz. Sementes procedentes de três locais de coleta foram analisadas quanto ao fotoblastismo, procedência e maturação pelos testes de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, tempo médio de germinação e formação de plântulas normais. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e comparados pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade de erro. Para os três locais de coleta não foram observadas diferenças na germinação e no TMG das sementes em ausência ou presença de luz, indicando que tratase de uma espécie fotoblástica neutra. Para os diferentes locais de coleta, não foi verificado diferenças na porcentagem de germinação, porém sementes coletadas em Barão do Triunfo apresentaram maior IVG e formação de plântulas normais do que sementes coletadas no Morro do Osso e Morro Santana. Essas diferenças podem estar associadas ao grau de maturação dos frutos e a umidade das sementes. Sementes de C. aurea são fotoblásticas neutras, apresentando germinação superior a 85%

Passives are not hard to interpret but hard to remember : evidence from online and offline studies

Passive sentences are considered more difficult to comprehend than active ones. Previous online-only studies cast doubt on this generalization. The current paper directly compares online and offline processing of passivization and manipulates verb type: state vs event. Stative passives are temporarily ambiguous (adjectival vs verbal), eventive passives are not (always verbal). Across 4 experiments (self-paced reading with comprehension questions), passives were consistently read faster than actives. This contradicts the claim that passives are difficult to parse and/or interpret, as argued by main perspectives of passive processing (heuristic or syntactic). The reading time facilitation is compatible with broader expectation/surprisal theories. When comprehension targeted theta-roles assignment, passives were more errorful, regardless of verb type. Verbal WM measures did not correlate with the difference in accuracy, excluding it as an explanation. The accuracy effect is argued to reflect a post-interpretive difficulty associated with generating/maintaining a propositional representation of passives required by specific tasks

Processing unambiguous verbal passives in German

Passivization played a central role in shaping both linguistic theory and psycholinguistic approaches to sentence processing, language acquisition and impairment. We present the results of two experiments that simultaneously test online processing (self-paced reading) and offline comprehension (through comprehension questions) of passives in German while also manipulating the event structure of the predicates used. In contrast to English, German passives are unambiguously verbal, allowing for the study of passivization independent of a confound in the degree of interpretive ambiguity (verbal/adjectival). In English, this ambiguity interacts with event structure, with passives of stative predicates naturally receiving an adjectival interpretation. In a recent study, Paolazzi et al. (2015, 2016) showed that in contrast to the mainstream theoretical perspective, passive sentences are not inherently harder to process than actives. Complexity of passivization in English is tied to the aspectual class of the verbal predicate passivized: With eventive predicates, passives are read faster (as hinted at in previous literature) and generate no comprehension difficulties (in contrast to previous findings with mixed predicates). Complexity effects with passivization, in turn, are only found with stative predicates. The asymmetry is claimed to stem from the temporary adjectival/verbal ambiguity of stative passives in English. We predict that the observed difficulty with English stative passives disappears in German, given that in this language the passive construction under investigation is unambiguously verbal. The results support this prediction: Both offline and online there was no difficulty with passivization, under either eventive or stative predicates. In fact, passives and their rich morphology eased parsing across both types of predicates

Viticultura en terrazas del Valle de Cembra en Italia: hacia la inclusión de la gestión sostenible del paisaje en las acciones de desarrollo orientadas a la calidad

Terraces represent the most wide-spread solution for steep hillslope cultivation. The elevated number of positive ecosystem services produced by the derived terraced landscapes when-well maintained are threatened by ongoing land-abandonment and landscape-irrespective agricultural transformation processes. In this manuscript, we analyzed the current state of the terraced area of Val di Cembra (Trentino-Italy). We aimed to analyze the reason behind the high rate of active maintenance of the terraced viticulture, discuss the main risks related to the introduction of intensive land management practices and list possible solutions for ensuring a long-term sustainable development of the area. We identified the wine-quality oriented development of viticulture, the realization of important infrastructure to ensure mobility and irrigation, and the strong sense of belonging still present also among young generations, the main factors determining the high rate of active maintenance of the terraced landscape. Besides the risk of obsolescence that affects the most marginal terraced areas of the valley, other risks are associated with the possible diffusion of landscape-indifferent land-arrangement and to the adoption of not traditional training systems, which may affect negatively the landscape value. Future perspectives need to enlarge the quality-oriented process undertaken in wine production to the whole territory. Including landscape in land management planning will ensure long-lasting sustainability of viticulture, matching the increasing demand for environmental services from the community and the consumers. Ongoing action in the Valley, that involve both private stakeholders and local authorities, are indicating the intention of the community to move in this direction.Las terrazas representan la solución más extendida para el cultivo en pendientes escarpadas. El número elevado de servicios ecosistémicos positivos producidos por paisajes con terrazas cuando están bien mantenidos se ve amenazado por el abandono continuo de la tierra y la transformación agrícola que no tiene en cuenta el paisaje. En este artículo, hemos analizado el estado actual de la zona de terrazas de Val di Cembra (Trentino-Italia). Nuestro objetivo fue analizar las causas detrás de la alta tasa de mantenimiento activo de la viticultura en terrazas, examinar los principales riesgos relacionados con la introducción de la gestión intensiva de la tierra y proponer posibles soluciones para garantizar un desarrollo sostenible a largo plazo de la zona. Hemos identificado los principales factores que determinan la elevada tasa de mantenimiento activo del paisaje en terrazas: el desarrollo de la viticultura orientado a la calidad del vino, la realización de infraestructuras importantes para garantizar la movilidad y el riego, y el fuerte sentido de pertenencia todavía presente también entre las generaciones jóvenes. Además del riesgo de obsolescencia que afecta a las zonas de terrazas más marginales del Valle, otros riesgos están asociados con la posible difusión de la transformación del territorio indiferente al paisaje y a la adopción de sistemas de cultivo que no son tradicionales, que pueden afectar negativamente el valor del paisaje. Las perspectivas futuras deben ampliar el proceso orientado a la calidad en la producción de vino en todo el territorio. La inclusión del paisaje en la planificación del manejo de la tierra garantizará una sostenibilidad duradera de la viticultura, respondiendo a la creciente demanda de servicios medioambientales por parte de la comunidad y de los consumidores. Proyectos en curso en el Valle, en los que participan tanto actores privados como autoridades locales, están indicando la intención de la comunidad de avanzar en esta dirección

Purification of rabies vaccine by lipidic extraction

Un nuevo método para la purificación de vacuna antirrábica fue desarrollado con el objeto de disminuir el contenido lipídico proveniente del sustrato animal empleado en la producción de vacuna. Dos técnicas extractivas fueron aplicadas sobre una vacuna de uso veterinario: uno de los métodos fue realizado empleando un homogeneizador Omnimixer Sorvall, seguido por centrifugación; el otro fue una extracción convencional realizada en ampolla de decantación. Ambos métodos fueron llevados a cabo utilizando n-hexano y n-heptano, alternativamente. La extracción con n-heptano en ampolla de decantación mostró ser adecuada para nuestro propósito disminuyendo el contenido lipídico en aproximadamente un 30% y preservando el 80% de la potencia de la vacuna con respecto al control.A new purification method for rabies vaccines was developed in order to diminish lipid content arising mainly from the animal substrate employed in vaccine production. Two extractive techniques were performed on a vaccine for veterinary use: one method was performed employing a Sorvall Omnimixer homogenizer, followed by centrifugation; the other was a conventional extraction carried out in a drop funnel. Both methods were performed with n-hexane and n-heptane, alternatively. Extraction with n- heptane in a drop funnel proved to be suitable for our purpose by diminishing lipid content some 30%, preserving 80% vaccine potency with respect to the control.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Eye-tracking while reading passives: An event structure account of difficulty

Among existing accounts of passivisation difficulty, some argue it depends on the predicate semantics (i.e. passives are more difficult with subject-experiencer than agent-patient verbs). Inconsistent with the accounts that predict passive difficulty, Paolazzi et al. (2019) found that passives were read faster than actives at the verb and object by-phrase in a series of self-paced reading experiments, with no modulation of verb type. However, self-paced reading provides limited direct measurement of late revision/interpretive processing. We used modified stimuli from Paolazzi et al. (2019) to re-examine this issue in two eye-tracking while reading experiments. We found that in late measures, passives with subject-experiencer verbs had longer fixation durations than actives at the verb and two subsequent regions but no difference was observed across agent-patient verbs. Subject-experiencer verbs provide a state, but the passive structure requires an event. Thus, the required eventive interpretation is coerced with subject-experiencers (if possible) and induces difficulty

Acquired Hemophilia in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Case Report and Literature Review

Acquired hemophilia (AH) is a rare bleeding disorder caused by the spontaneous development of autoantibodies against coagulation factors, most commonly factor (F) VIII (acquired hemophilia A, AHA). The clinical manifestation of AHA includes mostly spontaneous hemorrhages into skin, mucous membranes, muscles, soft tissues, or joints. AHA should be suspected when a patient with no history of hemorrhages presents with bleeding and an unexplained prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time. The diagnosis is based on the clinical picture, the presence of low FVIII activity and evidence of FVIII inhibitor. In around half of patients, an underlying disorder (rheumatic diseases, malignancy, infections) or taking some drugs are associated with AHA; the remaining cases are idiopathic. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory condition, marked by swelling and tenderness of small joints; it is usually treated with steroid and immunosuppressive drugs such as methotrexate, TNF-alpha inhibitors, and other biologic therapies (abatacept, tocilizumab, rituximab).We presented a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who developed acquired hemophilia A with hemarthroses; starting from this case, we focused on the literature about AHA in rheumatic diseases. We found 35 cases, 15 in systemic lupus erythematosus and 12 in rheumatoid arthritis, while the remaining cases were reported in Sjögren's syndrome, polymyalgia rheumatica, systemic sclerosis, and psoriatic arthritis. Ecchymosis and cutaneous hematomas were the main clinical features while hemarthroses was quite a rare condition, shown in just three patients

Biometry and maturation of Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth. seeds

The objective of the study was to evaluate the biometry of fruits and seeds of S. punicea in order to determine the point of collection for production of seedlings of the species. The fruits of S. punicea were collected from plants in situ in Barra do Ribeiro, RS. In the laboratory, they were separated by staining in: stage 1, 2 and 3. Fruits and seeds were measured with digital caliper (mm), counting the number of seeds and locules. At each stage water content, seed dry matter and germination test were evaluated. For this last one, four replications of 25 seeds were placed in germination chamber during 16 days, photoperiod of 12 hours and temperature of 25ºC. The variables analyzed were germination, germination speed index, average germination time, percentage of normal and abnormal seedlings, and hard seeds. It was observed that in stage 2 the seeds have larger dimensions, a higher percentage of germination and formation of normal seedlings, and a higher rate of germination speed. It is concluded that fruits must be harvested at stage 2 of maturation, as seeds have the highest rates of germination and normal seedlings, as well as the lowest rates of insect damage

Purification of rabies vaccine by lipidic extraction

Un nuevo método para la purificación de vacuna antirrábica fue desarrollado con el objeto de disminuir el contenido lipídico proveniente del sustrato animal empleado en la producción de vacuna. Dos técnicas extractivas fueron aplicadas sobre una vacuna de uso veterinario: uno de los métodos fue realizado empleando un homogeneizador Omnimixer Sorvall, seguido por centrifugación; el otro fue una extracción convencional realizada en ampolla de decantación. Ambos métodos fueron llevados a cabo utilizando n-hexano y n-heptano, alternativamente. La extracción con n-heptano en ampolla de decantación mostró ser adecuada para nuestro propósito disminuyendo el contenido lipídico en aproximadamente un 30% y preservando el 80% de la potencia de la vacuna con respecto al control.A new purification method for rabies vaccines was developed in order to diminish lipid content arising mainly from the animal substrate employed in vaccine production. Two extractive techniques were performed on a vaccine for veterinary use: one method was performed employing a Sorvall Omnimixer homogenizer, followed by centrifugation; the other was a conventional extraction carried out in a drop funnel. Both methods were performed with n-hexane and n-heptane, alternatively. Extraction with n- heptane in a drop funnel proved to be suitable for our purpose by diminishing lipid content some 30%, preserving 80% vaccine potency with respect to the control.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria