Habilidades investigativas e valores em alunos de Estomatologia no contexto do COVID-19

The Dentistry student that develops their investigative abilities and foment values in the context of the COVID-19, giving execution to their special functions, it will be a future more integral egressed. In this investigation the objective to describe the investigative abilities and value developed by students of Estomatología during the pandemic COVID-19.  It was carried out a traverse descriptive study, in the students of fifth year of the career Estomatología, belonging to the Ability of Medical Sciences "Dr. Zoilo Enrique Marinello Vidaurreta", in the University of Medical Sciences of Las Tunas, Cuba, in the period of March 23 at June 12 2020. The universe was 49 students and the sample of 47, who attended the application of the questionnaire, on aspects related to the training of investigative abilities. The 91,4% of the students was directly in the investigation; the investigative abilities that there is the more students' perception developed during the COVID-19 it was the administration and report of information; the Promotion in health that is imparted in 1er year, was the subject that more it contributed in 39 students (82,9%) to the formation of investigative abilities; the shared values were those that more the students developed. The formation of investigative abilities and value in the students of the career Estomatología during the pandemic COVID-19, it can contribute to the acquisition of knowledge and the reinforcement of values.  El estudiante de Estomatología que desarrolle sus habilidades investigativas y fomente valores en el contexto de la COVID-19, dando cumplimiento a sus funciones especiales, será un futuro egresado más integral. La investigación tiene como objetivo describir las habilidades investigativas y valores desarrollados por estudiantes de Estomatología durante la pandemia COVID-19. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, en los estudiantes de quinto año de la carrera Estomatología, perteneciente a la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Dr. Zoilo Enrique Marinello Vidaurreta”, en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Las Tunas, Cuba, en el período del 23 de marzo al 12 de junio de 2020. El universo fue de 49 estudiantes y la muestra de 47, que asistieron a la aplicación del cuestionario, sobre aspectos relacionados con la formación de habilidades investigativas. El 91,4 % de los estudiantes se encontraban directamente en la pesquisa; las habilidades investigativas que ha percepción de los estudiantes más desarrollaron durante la COVID-19 fue la gestión y reporte de información; la Promoción en salud que se imparte en 1er año, fue la asignatura que más contribuyó en 39 estudiantes (82,9 %) a la formación de habilidades investigativas; los valores compartidos fueron los que más desarrollaron los estudiantes. La formación de habilidades investigativas y valores en los estudiantes de la carrera Estomatología durante la pandemia COVID-19, puede contribuir a la adquisición de conocimientos y al reforzamiento de valores.O aluno de Estomatologia que desenvolve suas habilidades investigativas e promove valores no contexto do COVID-19, cumprindo suas funções especiais, será um futuro graduado mais abrangente. A pesquisa tem como objetivo descrever as habilidades e valores investigativos desenvolvidos por estudantes de Estomatologia durante a pandemia COVID-19. Foi realizado um estudo transversal descritivo, realizado em alunos do quinto ano da carreira de Estomatologia, pertencentes à Faculdade de Ciências Médicas “Dr. Zoilo Enrique Marinello Vidaurreta ”, da Universidade de Ciências Médicas de Las Tunas, Cuba, no período de 23 de março a 12 de junho de 2020. O universo foi de 49 alunos e a amostra de 47, que compareceu à aplicação do questionário sobre aspectos relacionadas à formação de habilidades investigativas. 91,4% dos alunos estavam diretamente na pesquisa; As habilidades investigativas que a percepção dos alunos mais desenvolveram durante o COVID-19 foram o gerenciamento de informações e relatórios; A Promoção da Saúde, leccionada no 1.º ano, foi a disciplina que mais contribuiu em 39 alunos (82,9%) para a formação de competências de investigação; valores compartilhados foram os que os alunos mais desenvolveram. A formação de habilidades e valores investigativos em alunos de Estomatologia durante a pandemia COVID-19 pode contribuir para a aquisição de conhecimentos e o reforço de valores

REFERENTES TEÓRICOS DE LA FORMACIÓN DE HABILIDADES INVESTIGATIVAS Y SU INTERRELACIÓN CON LAS PROFESIONALES EN ESTUDIANTES DE ESTOMATOLOGÍA

The formation of investigative abilities in the student of the dentistry career constitutes a necessity, reason why they demand of theoretical and practical tools that allow him to solve the diverse professional problems. The article aims to argue some theoretical references that support the formation of investigative abilities and their interrelation ship with professionals in students, from the teaching-learning process of the Morphophysiology discipline, in the dentistry career. A qualitative study was carried out. Among the theoretical methods, the analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive were used, and from the empirical level, the analysis of documents and use of resources available on the internet. The systematization in the contributions of the different authors allowed arguing as essential theoretical positions the following: the dialectical-materialist principle of the educability of man in society; the Historical-Cultural school created by Vygotsky and his followers; the formation of abilities from the systematization of actions within a contextualized activity. On the other hand, Castro's pedagogical ideology in relation to health is assumed, when conceiving the training of a dentistry professional as an active researcher, from a teaching-learning-developer process. The teaching-learning process of the Morphophysiology discipline based on psychopedagogical and didactic arguments, can guide towards the formation of investigative abilities in dentistry students towards the solution of professional problems.La formación de habilidades investigativas en el estudiante de la carrera de Estomatología constituye una necesidad, por lo que se demandan de herramientas teóricas y prácticas que le permitan solucionar los diversos problemas profesionales. El artículo tiene como objetivo argumentar algunos referentes teóricos que sustentan la formación de habilidades investigativas y su interrelación con las profesionales en los estudiantes, desde el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la disciplina Morfofisiología, en la carrera Estomatología. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo. Entre los métodos teóricos, se utilizaron el analítico-sintético y el inductivo-deductivo, y del nivel empírico, el análisis de documentos y uso de recursos disponibles en internet. La sistematización en los aportes de los diferentes autores permitió argumentar como posicionamientos teóricos esenciales los siguientes: el principio dialéctico-materialista de la educabilidad del hombre en la sociedad; la escuela Histórico-Cultural creada por Vigotski y sus seguidores; la formación de habilidades a partir de la sistematización de las acciones dentro de una actividad contextualizada. Por otra parte se asume el ideario pedagógico de Castro en relación con la salud, al concebir la formación de un profesional de la Estomatología como un activo investigador, desde un proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje desarrollador. El proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje de la disciplina Morfofisiología basado en argumentos psicopedagógicos y didácticos, puede orientar hacia la formación de habilidades investigativas en interrelación con las profesionales en los estudiantes de Estomatología hacia la solución de problemas profesionales

Cardiovascular congenital defects diagnosed in Las Tunas from January 2021 to June 2022

Background: birth defects are one of the leading causes of infant mortality in Cuba and heart defects are among the top three causes. Objective: to characterize cases diagnosed with cardiovascular congenital defects in the province of Las Tunas, from January 2021 to June 2022. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was performed, according to the declared objective. The universe consisted of 46 diagnosed cases. Variables included: type of congenital defect of the cardiovascular system, associated risk factors in mothers, maternal age groups and prevalence by municipalities. Data collected from the Cuban Prenatal Registry of Congenital Malformations was processed using descriptive statistics. Results: mothers aged 20-35 years predominated (78.3 %) and prenatal diagnosis by echocardiogram (65.2 %). Defects of the atrial septum (37.2 %) and the ventricular septum (23.9 %) were the most frequent; the permeable artery duct reported 5 cases (10.8 %). The history of abortion threat (15.2 %) and vaginal discharge syndrome (10.8 %) were the associated risk factors with the highest incidence. Las Tunas municipality reported 41.3 % of the cases. Conclusions: cases diagnosed with cardiovascular congenital defects in the province of Las Tunas were characterized during the study period

Barley-ß-glucans reduce systemic inflammation, renal injury and aortic calcification through ADAM17 and neutral-sphingomyelinase2 inhibition

In chronic kidney disease (CKD), hyperphosphatemia-induced inflammation aggravates vascular calcification (VC) by increasing vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) osteogenic differentiation, ADAM17-induced renal and vascular injury, and TNFα-induction of neutral-sphingomyelinase2 (nSMase2) to release pro-calcifying exosomes. This study examined anti-inflammatory β-glucans efficacy at attenuating systemic inflammation in health, and renal and vascular injury favoring VC in hyperphosphatemic CKD. In healthy adults, dietary barley β-glucans (Bβglucans) reduced leukocyte superoxide production, inflammatory ADAM17, TNFα, nSMase2, and pro-aging/pro-inflammatory STING (Stimulator of interferon genes) gene expression without decreasing circulating inflammatory cytokines, except for γ-interferon. In hyperphosphatemic rat CKD, dietary Bβglucans reduced renal and aortic ADAM17-driven inflammation attenuating CKD-progression (higher GFR and lower serum creatinine, proteinuria, kidney inflammatory infiltration and nSMase2), and TNFα-driven increases in aortic nSMase2 and calcium deposition without improving mineral homeostasis. In VSMC, Bβglucans prevented LPS- or uremic serum-induced rapid increases in ADAM17, TNFα and nSMase2, and reduced the 13-fold higher calcium deposition induced by prolonged calcifying conditions by inhibiting osteogenic differentiation and increases in nSMase2 through Dectin1-independent actions involving Bβglucans internalization. Thus, dietary Bβglucans inhibit leukocyte superoxide production and leukocyte, renal and aortic ADAM17- and nSMase2 gene expression attenuating systemic inflammation in health, and renal injury and aortic calcification despite hyperphosphatemia in CKD.A grant to A.S.D. and M.J.M. from IRBLleida and Agrotecnio Research collaborative projects from the Consell Social at Lleida University supported initial work, Instituto de Salud Carlos III and co-funded by European Union (ERDF/FEDER) (FIS PI11/00259, PI14/01452, PI17/02181), Plan de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación 2013–2017 y 2018–2022 del Principado de Asturias (GRUPIN14-028, IDI-2018-000152), RedInRen from ISCIII (ISCIII-RETIC REDINREN RD16/0009). Investigator support included: NC-L by GRUPIN14-028 and IDI-2018-000152, LM-A by GRUPIN14-028, SP by FICYT; MVA and PV by Educational Grant 2 A/2015 from ERA-EDTA CKD-MBD Working Group; PV and AC by ERA-EDTA fellowships 2011 and 2012; JR-C by MINECO (“Juan de la Cierva” program, FJCI-2015-23849); A.S.D. by Asociación Investigación de Fisiología Aplicada. A.S.D. and M.J.M. are members of the Campus Iberus (Ebro Valley Campus of International Excellence)

Proposal of an own curriculum for the Dentistry career basic cycle in Las Tunas

Background: the own curriculum allows to develop skills of sectoral strategic interest related to the professional functions of the future graduate. Objective: to prepare a proposal of an own curriculum for the basic cycle of the Dentistry career, in the Faculty of Medical Sciences "Dr. Zoilo Enrique Marinello Vidaurreta" from the University of Medical Sciences of Las Tunas, during the period 2020-2022. Methods: a qualitative research was carried out in the department of Dentistry, faculty and time period previously declared. To prepare the proposal we analyzed curriculum E, the professional model, 47/2022 resolution and scientific articles related to the subject. The programs of the courses were endorsed in workshops of critical opinion and collective construction. A pedagogical experiment was applied to assess the relevance of the proposal. Results: three own courses programs related to professional functions were developed: the first one entitled "Introduction to the functions of the dentist", to be implemented in the first year, second semester; the second, "Research skills applied to the functions of the dentist", for second year, first semester; and finally, "General fundamentals of pedagogy and didactics applicable to the teaching-educational function of the dentist", also for second year and second semester. Each course had a total of 40 hours. The topics are shown with the distribution of hours in the different forms of teaching organization. Conclusions: a proposal of an own curriculum was prepared for the basic cycle of the Dentist career in Las Tunas

Fibrosis in chronic kidney disease: Pathogenesis and consequences

Fibrosis is a process characterized by an excessive accumulation of the extracellular matrix as a response to different types of tissue injuries, which leads to organ dysfunction. The process can be initiated by multiple and different stimuli and pathogenic factors which trigger the cascade of reparation converging in molecular signals responsible of initiating and driving fibrosis. Though fibrosis can play a defensive role, in several circumstances at a certain stage, it can progressively become an uncontrolled irreversible and self-maintained process, named pathological fibrosis. Several systems, molecules and responses involved in the pathogenesis of the pathological fibrosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) will be discussed in this review, putting special attention on inflammation, renin-angiotensin system (RAS), parathyroid hormone (PTH), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), Klotho, microRNAs (miRs), and the vitamin D hormonal system. All of them are key factors of the core and regulatory pathways which drive fibrosis, having a great negative kidney and cardiac impact in CKD

MicroRNA-145 and microRNA-486 are potential serum biomarkers for vascular calcification

INTRODUCTION: MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate vascular calcification (VC), and their quantification may contribute to suspicion of the presence of VC. METHODS: The study was performed in four phases. Phase 1: miRs sequencing of rat calcified and non-calcified aortas. Phase 2: miRs with the highest rate of change, plus miR-145 [the most abundant miR in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)], were validated in aortas and serum from rats with and without VC. Phase 3: the selected miRs were analyzed in epigastric arteries from kidney donors and recipients, and serum samples from general population. Phase 4: VSMCs were exposed to different phosphorus concentrations, and miR-145 and miR-486 were overexpressed to investigate their role in VC. RESULTS: miR-145, miR-122-5p, miR-486 and miR-598-3p decreased in the rat calcified aortas, but only miR-145 and miR-486 were detected in serum. In human epigastric arteries, miR-145 and miR-486 were lower in kidney transplant recipients compared with donors. Both miRs inversely correlated with arterial calcium content and with VC (Kauppila index). In the general population, the severe VC was associated with the lowest serum levels of both miRs. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that serum miR-145 was a good biomarker of VC. In VSMCs exposed to high phosphorus, calcium content, osteogenic markers (Runx2 and Osterix) increased, and the contractile marker (α-actin), miR-145 and miR-486 decreased. Overexpression of miR-145, and to a lesser extent miR-486, prevented the increase in calcium content induced by high phosphorus, the osteogenic differentiation and the loss of the contractile phenotype. CONCLUSION: miR-145 and miR-486 regulate the osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs, and their quantification in serum could serve as a marker of VC