After SARS-CoV-2, will H5N6 and other influenza viruses follow the pandemic path?

While the world is focused on attending, controlling, and mitigating the current pandemic of COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2, other viral threats are possibly emerging and reemerging especially in Asia, posing a risk for the spread in that region and beyond. A predictable threat is the avian influenza virus, especially H5N6, which has recently led to significant outbreaks in China and the Philippines, deserving more attention and control. In the current review, we assess the history of this highly pathogenic reemerging virus, as well as the contemporary implications of poultry outbreaks occurring in some Asian countries. We also look at outbreaks due to other strains not only in Asia but also across Europe and Africa, according to recent reports from the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE)

Targeted metabolomics reveals plasma biomarkers and metabolic alterations of the aging process in healthy young and older adults.

With the exponential growth in the older population in the coming years, many studies have aimed to further investigate potential biomarkers associated with the aging process and its incumbent morbidities. Age is the largest risk factor for chronic disease, likely due to younger individuals possessing more competent adaptive metabolic networks that result in overall health and homeostasis. With aging, physiological alterations occur throughout the metabolic system that contribute to functional decline. In this cross-sectional analysis, a targeted metabolomic approach was applied to investigate the plasma metabolome of young (21-40y; n = 75) and older adults (65y + ; n = 76). A corrected general linear model (GLM) was generated, with covariates of gender, BMI, and chronic condition score (CCS), to compare the metabolome of the two populations. Among the 109 targeted metabolites, those associated with impaired fatty acid metabolism in the older population were found to be most significant: palmitic acid (p \u3c 0.001), 3-hexenedioic acid (p \u3c 0.001), stearic acid (p = 0.005), and decanoylcarnitine (p = 0.036). Derivatives of amino acid metabolism, 1-methlyhistidine (p = 0.035) and methylhistamine (p = 0.027), were found to be increased in the younger population and several novel metabolites were identified, such as cadaverine (p = 0.034) and 4-ethylbenzoic acid (p = 0.029). Principal component analysis was conducted and highlighted a shift in the metabolome for both groups. Receiver operating characteristic analyses of partial least squares-discriminant analysis models showed the candidate markers to be more powerful indicators of age than chronic disease. Pathway and enrichment analyses uncovered several pathways and enzymes predicted to underlie the aging process, and an integrated hypothesis describing functional characteristics of the aging process was synthesized. Compared to older participants, the young group displayed greater abundance of metabolites related to lipid and nucleotide synthesis; older participants displayed decreased fatty acid oxidation and reduced tryptophan metabolism, relative to the young group. As a result, we offer a better understanding of the aging metabolome and potentially reveal new biomarkers and predicted mechanisms for future study

N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide in the early evaluation of suspected acute myocardial infarction

Myocardial ischemia is a strong trigger of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) release. As ischemia precedes necrosis in acute myocardial infarction, we hypothesized that NT-proBNP might be useful in the early diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction

Latin America: situation and preparedness facing the multi-country human monkeypox outbreak

Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas. Faculty of Medicine. Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina. Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia / Universidad Científica del Sur. Master of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Lima, Peru / Latin American network of Monkeypox Virus Research. Pereira, Risaralda, ColombiaUniversity of Buenos Aires. Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Buenos Aires, Argentina.Hospital Britanico de Buenos Aires. Servicio de Infectología. Buenos Aires, Argentina.University of Buenos Aires. Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Buenos Aires, Argentina / Hospital de Enfermedades Infecciosas F. J. Muniz. Buenos Aires, Argentina.University of Buenos Aires. Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Buenos Aires, Argentina / Hospital de Enfermedades Infecciosas F. J. Muniz. Buenos Aires, Argentina.Hospital Clínico Viedma. Cochabamba, Bolivia.Gobierno Autonomo Municipal de Cochabamba. Secretaría de Salud. Centros de Salud de Primer Nivel. Direction. Cochabamba, Bolivia.Franz Tamayo University. National Research Coordination. La Paz, Bolivia.Paulista State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho. Botucatu Medical School. Infectious Diseases Department. São Paulo, SP, Brazil / Brazilian Society for Infectious Diseases. Sãao Paulo, SP, Brazil.Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Epidemiologia. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Institute of Infectious Diseases Emilio Ribas. São Paulo, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Centro de Referencia de Salud Dr. Salvador Allende Gossens. Policlínico Neurología. Unidad Procedimientos. Santiago de Chile, Chile.Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. School of Medicine. Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology. Santiago de Chile, Chile.Universidad Austral de Chile. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Salud Publica. Valdivia, Chile.Ministerio de Salud. Hospital de San Fernando. San Fernando, VI Region, Chile.Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas. Faculty of Medicine. Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina. Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Department of Pediatrics. Bogota, DC, Colombia / Hospital Pediatrico La Misericordia. Division of Infectious Diseases. Bogota, DC, Colombia.Hemera Unidad de Infectología IPS SAS. Bogota, Colombia.Hospital San Vicente Fundacion. Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia.Clinica Imbanaco Grupo Quironsalud. Cali, Colombia / Universidad Santiago de Cali. Cali, Colombia / Clinica de Occidente. Cali, Colombia / Clinica Sebastian de Belalcazar. Valle del Cauca, Colombia.National Institute of Gastroenterology. Epidemiology Unit. La Habana, CubaHospital Salvador Bienvenido Gautier. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.Pontificia Universidad Catolica Madre y Maestra. Santiago, Dominican Republic.International University of Ecuador. School of Medicine. Quito, Ecuador.Universidad Tecnica de Ambato. Ambato, Ecuador.Hospital Roosevelt. Guatemala City, Guatemala.Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras. Faculty of Medical Sciences. School of Medical. Unit of Scientific Research. Tegucigalpa, Honduras.Hospital Infantil de Mexico. Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico.Hospital General de Tijuana. Departamento de Infectología. Tijuana, Mexico.Hospital General de Tijuana. Departamento de Infectología. Tijuana, Mexico.Asociacion de Microbiólogos y Químicos Clínicos de Nicaragua. Managua, Nicaragua.Hospital Santo Tomas. Medicine Department-Infectious Diseases Service. Panama City, Panama / Instituto Oncologico Nacional. Panama city, Panama.University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix. Division of Endocrinology. Department of Medicine. Phoenix, AZ, USA / Indian School Rd. Phoenix, AZ, USA.Dirección Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria. Dirección de Investigación. Asunción, Paraguay.Universidad Nacional de Asuncion. Faculty of Medical Sciences. Division of Dermatology. Asuncion, Paraguay.Instituto Nacional de Salud del Nino San Borja. Infectious Diseases Division. Lima, Peru / Universidad Privada de Tacna. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Tacna, Peru.Universidad San Juan Bautista. Lima, Peru.Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola. Vicerrectorado de Investigación. Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud. Lima, Peru.Hospital Evangelico de Montevideo. Montevideo, Uruguay.Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Molecular and Cell-based Medicine. Department of Pathology. Molecular Microbiology Laboratory. New York, USA / Universidad del Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR. Bogota, Colombia.Hospital Evangélico de Montevideo. Montevideo, Uruguay / Venezuelan Science Incubator and the Zoonosis and Emerging Pathogens Regional Collaborative Network. Infectious Diseases Research Branch. Cabudare, Lara, Venezuela.Universidad Central de Venezuela. Faculty of Medicine. Caracas, Venezuela.Universidad Central de Venezuela. Faculty of Medicine. Caracas, Venezuela / Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute. Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela.Universidad Central de Venezuela. Tropical Medicine Institute, Infectious Diseases Section. Caracas, Venezuela.Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud. Clinical Research Department. Investigador SNI Senacyt Panama. Panama City, Panama