Tradisi Tepung Tawar: Akulturasi Islam Dan Budaya Melayu Dalam Prosesi Pernikahan Masyarakat Melayu Di Kota Tanjung Balai

The Tepung Tawar tradition is a tradition found in the series of wedding processions of the Malay community in Tanjung Balai City. This tradition is classified as a sacred tradition by the local community so it is still practiced today. This article aims to examine the process of implementing the Tepung Tawar tradition and analyze the forms of religious and cultural acculturation that exist in this tradition. This research is descriptive qualitative research and the data collection process was carried out by the author by means of observation, interviews and documentation as well as literature review. The results of this research show that initially this tradition was a ritual originating from Hindu beliefs which then experienced acculturation with Malay culture. This statement is strengthened by the similarities between the Tepung Tawar tradition and traditional Indian (Hindu) wedding rituals. Apart from that, historical facts reveal that the arrival of foreign nations, one of which was Indians (Hindus) to Malay land in the 7th or 8th century AD was the forerunner to the development of Hindu culture in Malay land, especially Tanjung Balai City, so that it was very dominant for affect the welfare of local communities. However, after Islam was introduced, Tepung Tawar became a tradition of the Malay community in which Islamic religious teachings were inserted. So this research can be concluded that Tepung Tawar is a form of religious and cultural acculturation that occurs in the Malay community in Tanjung Balai City, as well as a means of requesting blessings and peace to Allah SWT for people in Tepung Tawari.Tradisi Tepung Tawar merupakan tradisi yang terdapat dalam rangkaian prosesi pernikahan masyarakat Melayu Kota Tanjung Balai. Tradisi ini tergolong sebagai tradisi yang sakral oleh masyarakat setempat sehingga masih dipraktikkan sampai sekarang.  Tulisan ini bertujuan mengkaji tentang proses pelaksanaan tradisi Tepung Tawar serta menganalisis bentuk akulturasi agama dan budaya yang ada pada tradisi tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dan proses pengumpulan data dilakukan penulis dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi serta kajian pustaka. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada awalnya tradisi ini merupakan ritual yang berasal dari kepercayaan Hindu yang kemudian mengalami akulturasi dengan kebudayaan Melayu, pernyataan ini diperkuat dengan adanya persamaan antara tradisi Tepung Tawar dengan ritual adat pernikahan orang India (Hindu). Selain itu, fakta sejarah mengungkapan bahwa kedatangan bangsa asing salah satunya ialah orang-orang India (Hindu) ke tanah Melayu pada abad ke – 7 M atau 8 M menjadi cikal bakal berkembangnya budaya Hindu di tanah Melayu khususnya Kota Tanjung Balai, sehingga sangat dominan untuk mempengaruhi kebudayaan masyarakat lokal. Namun setelah Islam masuk Tepung Tawar menjadi tradisi masyarakat Melayu yang didalamnya terdapat ajaran-ajaran agama Islam yang telah disisipkan. Sehingga penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Tepung Tawar merupakan bentuk akulturasi agama dan budaya yang terjadi pada masyarakat Melayu di Kota Tanjung Balai, serta sarana memohon keberkahan dan kedamaian kepada Allah SWT untuk orang yang di Tepung Tawari

Ketegangan Politik Antar (Dinasti) Islam di Kawasan Laut Tengah Abad ke-10

Artikel ini bertujuan  untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya ketegangan politik dalam dunia Islam di kawasan Laut Tengah pada abad ke-10 yang terfokus pada Islam di Afrika Utara dan Andalusia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis-deskriptif yang mengacu pada sumber-sumber literatur yang berkaitan dengan topik penelitian. Adapun jenis penelitian ini yaitu berbasis library research. Temuan dari penelitian ini yaitu telah diketahui bahwa yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya ketegangan politik antar Islam di Laut Tengah (Afrika Utara dan Andalusia) yakni  faktor teologis. Hal ini bisa dilihat dari masa kerajaan Islam di Afrika Utara, yakni dinasti Idrisiah, Aghlabiah, dinasti Toulun, dinasti Ikhshid, dinasti Fatimiah bahkan dinasti Murabithun dan Muwahiddun. Semua dinasti-dinasti ini mempunyai paham teologi yang berbeda-beda, dan akhirnya  mendorong mereka untuk melakukan ekspansi ke berbagai wilayah dan pada akhirnya bertujuan pada ekspansi ekonomi dan kekuasaan. Sedangkan di Andalusia ketegangan politik terjadi karena faktor internalnya sendiri, faktor internal tersebut berlangsung sebanyak dua kali yaitu ketika terjadinya perselisihan antaran mazhab Maliki dengan Mazhab Hambali dimasa Muhammad ibn Abdurrahman II sedang naik tahta. Konflik kedua terjadi sepeninggal khalifah Hakam II yang tidak meninggalkan penerus tahta kepemimpinan

Upaya Pelestarian Kesenian Senandung Sebagai Warisan Budaya Tradisional Masyarakat Melayu di Kota Tanjung Balai

Dalam hal ini peneliti menggunakan pendekatan antropologis. Pendekatan antropologis yaitu cara untuk mengetahui suatu kelompok dan budaya manusia beserta perkembangannya. Adapun metode yang dipakai untuk pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini penulis memadukan method library research dan penelitian lapangan. Sejalan dengan itu, peneliti juga melaksanakan teknik observasi, wawancaraa dan dokumentasi demi mendapatkan data lainnya. Temuan yang didapat dari research ini yakni bahwa sejarah muncul dan berkembangnya kesenian Senandung di kota Tanjung Balai mulai sejak para pelaut yang meraungi nasib dengan cara bersenandung. Seiring berkembangnya zaman senandung bukan lagi digunakan untuk para nelayan saja, melainkan seni tradisional ini dipersembahkan pada kegiatan tertentu seperti pesta pernikahan dan lain sebagainya. Keadaan seni senandung di Kota Tanjung Balai sungguh memprihatinkan, sehingga fungsi pemerintah dan masyarakat amat sangat diperlukan demi melestarikan seni tradisional ini. Sehingga lesenian senandung bisa kembali terdengar rentak suaranya dan tidak hilang di telan zaman

The state of health in Indonesia's provinces, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Analysing trends and levels of the burden of disease at the national level can mask inequalities in health-related progress in lower administrative units such as provinces and districts. We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to analyse health patterns in Indonesia at the provincial level between 1990 and 2019. Long-term analyses of disease burden provide insights on Indonesia's advance to universal health coverage and its ability to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. Methods We analysed GBD 2019 estimated cause-specific mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), life expectancy at birth, healthy life expectancy, and risk factors for 286 causes of death, 369 causes of non-fatal health loss, and 87 risk factors by year, age, and sex for Indonesia and its 34 provinces from 1990 to 2019. To generate estimates for Indonesia at the national level, we used 138 location-years of data to estimate Indonesia-specific demographic indicators, 317 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific causes of death, 689 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific non-fatal outcomes, 250 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific risk factors, and 1641 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific covariates. For subnational estimates, we used the following source counts: 138 location-years of data to estimate Indonesia-specific demographic indicators; 5848 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific causes of death; 1534 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific non-fatal outcomes; 650 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific risk factors; and 16 016 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific covariates. We generated our GBD 2019 estimates for Indonesia by including 1 915 207 total source metadata rows, and we used 821 total citations. Findings Life expectancy for males across Indonesia increased from 62·5 years (95% uncertainty interval 61·3–63·7) to 69·4 years (67·2–71·6) between 1990 and 2019, a positive change of 6·9 years. For females during the same period, life expectancy increased from 65·7 years (64·5–66·8) to 73·5 years (71·6–75·6), an increase of 7·8 years. There were large disparities in health outcomes among provinces. In 2019, Bali had the highest life expectancy at birth for males (74·4 years, 70·90–77·9) and North Kalimantan had the highest life expectancy at birth for females (77·7 years, 74·7–81·2), whereas Papua had the lowest life expectancy at birth for males (64·5 years, 60·9–68·2) and North Maluku had the lowest life expectancy at birth for females (64·0 years, 60·7–67·3). The difference in life expectancy for males between the highest-ranked and lowest-ranked provinces was 9·9 years and the difference in life expectacy for females between the highest-ranked and lowest-ranked provinces was 13·7 years. Age-standardised death, YLL, and YLD rates also varied widely among the provinces in 2019. High systolic blood pressure, tobacco, dietary risks, high fasting plasma glucose, and high BMI were the five leading risks contributing to health loss measured as DALYs in 2019. Interpretation Our findings highlight that Indonesia faces a double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases that varies across provinces. From 1990 to 2019, Indonesia witnessed a decline in the infectious disease burden, although communicable diseases such as tuberculosis, diarrhoeal diseases, and lower respiratory infections have remained a main source of DALYs in Indonesia. During that same period, however, all-ages death and disability rates from non-communicable diseases and exposure to their risk factors accounted for larger shares of health loss. The differences in health outcomes between the highest-performing and lowest-performing provinces have also widened since 1990. Our findings support a comprehensive process to revisit current health policies, examine the root causes of variation in the burden of disease among provinces, and strengthen programmes and policies aimed at reducing disparities across the country. Funding The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Government of Indonesia. Translation For the Bahasa Indonesia translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section