2,702 research outputs found
Spatially resolved kinematics in the central 1 kpc of a compact star-forming galaxy at z=2.3 from ALMA CO observations
We present high spatial resolution (FWHM0.14'') observations of the
CO() line in GDS-14876, a compact star-forming galaxy at with
total stellar mass of . The spatially resolved
velocity map of the inner ~kpc reveals a continous velocity
gradient consistent with the kinematics of a rotating disk with km s and . The
gas-to-stellar ratios estimated from CO() and the dust continuum emission
span a broad range, and
, but are nonetheless consistent given the
uncertainties in the conversion factors. The dynamical modeling yields a
dynamical mass of which is
lower, but still consistent with the baryonic mass, (M=
M + M/M), if the smallest
CO-based gas fraction is assumed. Despite a low, overall gas fraction, the
small physical extent of the dense, star-forming gas probed by CO(),
smaller than the stellar size, implies a strong concentration
that increases the gas fraction up to
in the central 1 kpc. Such a gas-rich center, coupled with a high
star-formation rate, SFR 500 M yr, suggests that
GDS-14876 is quickly assembling a dense stellar component (bulge) in a strong
nuclear starburst. Assuming its gas reservoir is depleted without
replenishment, GDS-14876 will quickly ( Myr) become a
compact quiescent galaxy that could retain some fraction of the observed
rotational support.Comment: Accepted for Publication in ApJL. Kinematic maps are shown in Figures
2 and
Adverse Effects of Systemic Immunosuppression in Keratolimbal Allograft
Purpose. Keratolimbal allograft (KLAL) is a treatment for limbal stem cell deficiency. One disadvantage is systemic immunosuppression to avoid rejection. Our purpose was to examine the adverse effects of systemic immunosuppression in KLAL. Methods. A retrospective case review of 16 patients with KLAL who received systemic immunosuppression consisting of a corticosteroid, an antimetabolite, and/or a calcineurin inhibitor was performed. Patients were monitored for signs, symptoms, or laboratory evidence of toxicity. Results. Eleven of 16 patients (68%) experienced an adverse effect. The average age of those with adverse effects was 43.5 years and without was 31.4 years. Ten of 11 patients (91%) had resolution during mean followup of 16.4 months. No serious adverse effects occurred. The most common included anemia, hyperglycemia, elevated creatinine, and elevated liver function tests. Prednisone and tacrolimus were responsible for the most adverse effects. Patients with comorbidities were more likely to experience an adverse effect (82% versus 20%, P = 0.036). Conclusions. KLAL requires prolonged systemic immunosuppression. Our data demonstrated that systemic immunosuppression did not result in serious adverse effects in our population and is relatively safe with monitoring for toxicity. In addition, we demonstrated that adverse effects are more likely in older patients with comorbidities
Inadequate Sedation During Therapeutic Paralysis: Use of Bispectral Index in Critically Ill Patients
Background Patients receiving therapeutic paralysis may experience inadequate sedation due to intrinsic limitations of behavioral sedation assessment. Bispectral index (BISâą) provides an objective measure of sedation; however, the role of BISâą is not well defined in intensive care unit (ICU) patients on neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA).
Objective The aim of this study was to delineate the relationship between BISâą and level of sedation for critically ill patients during therapeutic paralysis.
Methods This was a retrospective observational study conducted in ICU patients receiving continuous infusion NMBA and BISâą monitoring. The primary endpoint was the correlation of BISâą \u3c 60 during therapeutic paralysis with a Richmond Agitation Sedation Score (RASS) of â4 to â5 (i.e., deep or unarousable sedation) at the time of emergence from therapeutic paralysis.
Results Thirty-one patients were included in the analysis. Three of these patients (9.6 %) were inadequately sedated upon emergence from paralysis; that is, restless or agitated (RASS +1 to +2). We did not observe a correlation between BISâą and RASS upon emergence from paralysis (r = 0.27, p = 0.14). The sensitivity of BISâą \u3c 60 in predicting deep sedation (RASS â5 to â4) was 100 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0â100) with a positive predictive value of 35.7 %. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of BISâą \u3c 60 in predicting light sedation or deeper (RASS â5 to â2) was 92.9 % (95 %CI 83.3â100) and 92.9 %, respectively.
Conclusion These results suggest that 1 in 10 critically ill patients receiving therapeutic paralysis may be inadequately sedated. BISâą monitoring may serve as a useful adjunctive measure of sedation in critically ill patients receiving therapeutic paralysis
Inadequate Sedation During Therapeutic Paralysis: Use of Bispectral Index in Critically Ill Patients
Background: Patients receiving therapeutic paralysis may experience inadequate sedation due to intrinsic limitations of behavioral sedation assessment. Bispectral index (BISTM) provides an objective measure of sedation; however, the role of BISTM is not well defined in intensive care unit (ICU) patients on neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA).
Objective: The aim of this study was to delineate the relationship between BISTM and level of sedation for critically ill patients during therapeutic paralysis.
Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted in ICU patients receiving continuous infusion NMBA and BISTM monitoring. The primary endpoint was the correlation of BISTM\60 during therapeutic paralysis with a Richmond Agitation Sedation Score (RASS) of -4 to -5 (i.e., deep or unarousable sedation) at the time of emergence from therapeutic paralysis.
Results: Thirty-one patients were included in the analysis. Three of these patients (9.6 %) were inadequately sedated upon emergence from paralysis; that is, restless or agitated (RASS ?1 to ?2). We did not observe a correlation between BISTM and RASS upon emergence from paralysis (r = 0.27, p = 0.14). The sensitivity of BISTM\60 in predicting deep sedation (RASS -5 to -4) was 100 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0â100) with a positive predictive value of 35.7 %. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of BISTM\60 in predicting light sedation or deeper (RASS -5 to -2) was 92.9 % (95 %CI 83.3â100) and 92.9 %, respectively.
Conclusion: These results suggest that 1 in 10 critically ill patients receiving therapeutic paralysis may be inadequately sedated. BISTM monitoring may serve as a useful adjunctive measure of sedation in critically ill patients receiving therapeutic paralysis
Distanceâbased time series classification approach for task recognition with application in surgical robot autonomy
BackgroundRoboticâassisted surgery allows surgeons to perform many types of complex operations with greater precision than is possible with conventional surgery. Despite these advantages, in current systems, a surgeon should communicate with the device directly and manually. To allow the robot to adjust parameters such as camera position, the system needs to know automatically what task the surgeon is performing.MethodsA distanceâbased time series classification framework has been developed which measures dynamic time warping distance between temporal trajectory data of robot arms and classifies surgical tasks and gestures using a kânearest neighbor algorithm.ResultsResults on real robotic surgery data show that the proposed framework outperformed stateâofâtheâart methods by up to 9% across three tasks and by 8% across gestures.ConclusionThe proposed framework is robust and accurate. Therefore, it can be used to develop adaptive control systems that will be more responsive to surgeonsâ needs by identifying next movements of the surgeon. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138333/1/rcs1766.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138333/2/rcs1766_am.pd
Rapid interrogation of the physical and chemical characteristics of salbutamol sulphate aerosol from a pressurised metered-dose inhaler (pMDI)
Individual micron-sized solid particles from a Salamols pharmaceutical inhaler are stably captured in air using an optical trap for the first time. Raman spectroscopy of the levitated particles allows online interrogation of composition and deliquescent phase change within a high humidity environment that mimics the particleâs travel from inhaler to lun
Simultaneous analysis of aliskiren and hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical preparations and spiked human plasma by HPTLC
AbstractA simple, selective and precise method based on HPTLC has been developed for the simultaneous determination of aliskiren and hydrochlorothiazide in a fixed-dose tablet formulation and human plasma. The chromatography was performed on silica gel 60 GF254 plates, with a mobile phase consisting of methanolâchloroform (6:4, v/v). Densitometric analysis of the analytes was carried out at 225nm. Under optimized conditions, the Rf values were 0.26±0.02 and 0.71±0.02, and the resulting regression plots were linear (r2â„0.9997) in the concentration ranges of 1.00â10.0 and 0.10â1.00ÎŒgbandâ1 for aliskiren and hydrochlorothiazide. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation of the validated method were 0.206 and 0.624ÎŒgbandâ1 for aliskiren and 0.015 and 0.046ÎŒgbandâ1 for hydrochlorothiazide, respectively. The % expected content of aliskiren and hydrochlorothiazide in the commercial tablet formulation was 99.2% and 101.3%, respectively. For spiked plasma sample preparation, the analytes and nebivolol internal standard were extracted from 500ÎŒL of plasma sample by solid-phase extraction on LiChrosepÂź DVB-HL cartridges. The mean extraction recovery of aliskiren and hydrochlorothiazide from human plasma was 87.2% and 76.5%, respectively. In addition, the stability of the analytes in plasma was established under different storage conditions
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