Estudio de los mixomecetes corticícolas de la España penínsular e Islas Baleares : desarrollo y aplicación de un sistema de información taxonómica

Tesis Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Biología Vegetal I (Botánica y Fisiología vegetal), leída el 09-06-1994Se ha diseñado, implementado y probado un sistema informático para gestionar la información taxonómica de índole bibliografica, nomenclatural y de especímenes -tanto citados de la bibliografia como de herbario. Se ha diseñado e implementado un sistema informático para la captura, revisión y almacenamiento de la informacion descriptiva (p delta) que, además, produce ficheros de datos en formato delta. Los datos descriptivos son almacenados en una base de datos relacional. Con el sistema creado y delta se han tratado una treintena de especies correspondientes a los géneros de mixomicetes clastoderma, echinostelium y licea. Con delta se han confeccionado descripciones y claves de identificación y producido una matriz de distancias feneticas de un grupo de especies de licea. Se ha llevado a cabo un trabajo de prospección de la flora de mixomicetes corticicolas en la españa peninsular e islas baleares. Haciendo uso de los sistemas de información desarrollados, se presenta un catalogo comentado de especies. Como consecuencia del estudio del material se han descrito tres nuevas especies para la ciencia: echinostelium ladoi, licea nannengae y macbrideola oblonga. Se han sinonimizado echinostelium vanderpoelii con e. Apitectum y macbrideola vesiculifera con m. Cornea. Sobre la base de los datos aportados por el análisis de agrupamiento y de coordenadas principales, se trata licea pygmaea como especie independiente no subordinada a l. Pusilla. Son novedades corologicas para la península ibérica e islas baleares: echinostelium cribrarioides, e. Elachiston, echinostelium paucifilum, licea operculata, l. Pygmaea, l. Soyphoides y physarum auripigmentum y se publicaron como novedades las siguientes: echinostelium arboreum, e. Coelocephalum, e. Corynophorum, lepidoderma granuliferum, licea perexigua, oligonema fulvum y physarum notabileFac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEpu

Burden of disease scenarios for 204 countries and territories, 2022–2050: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Future trends in disease burden and drivers of health are of great interest to policy makers and the public at large. This information can be used for policy and long-term health investment, planning, and prioritisation. We have expanded and improved upon previous forecasts produced as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) and provide a reference forecast (the most likely future), and alternative scenarios assessing disease burden trajectories if selected sets of risk factors were eliminated from current levels by 2050. Methods: Using forecasts of major drivers of health such as the Socio-demographic Index (SDI; a composite measure of lag-distributed income per capita, mean years of education, and total fertility under 25 years of age) and the full set of risk factor exposures captured by GBD, we provide cause-specific forecasts of mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by age and sex from 2022 to 2050 for 204 countries and territories, 21 GBD regions, seven super-regions, and the world. All analyses were done at the cause-specific level so that only risk factors deemed causal by the GBD comparative risk assessment influenced future trajectories of mortality for each disease. Cause-specific mortality was modelled using mixed-effects models with SDI and time as the main covariates, and the combined impact of causal risk factors as an offset in the model. At the all-cause mortality level, we captured unexplained variation by modelling residuals with an autoregressive integrated moving average model with drift attenuation. These all-cause forecasts constrained the cause-specific forecasts at successively deeper levels of the GBD cause hierarchy using cascading mortality models, thus ensuring a robust estimate of cause-specific mortality. For non-fatal measures (eg, low back pain), incidence and prevalence were forecasted from mixed-effects models with SDI as the main covariate, and YLDs were computed from the resulting prevalence forecasts and average disability weights from GBD. Alternative future scenarios were constructed by replacing appropriate reference trajectories for risk factors with hypothetical trajectories of gradual elimination of risk factor exposure from current levels to 2050. The scenarios were constructed from various sets of risk factors: environmental risks (Safer Environment scenario), risks associated with communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases (CMNNs; Improved Childhood Nutrition and Vaccination scenario), risks associated with major non-communicable diseases (NCDs; Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenario), and the combined effects of these three scenarios. Using the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways climate scenarios SSP2-4.5 as reference and SSP1-1.9 as an optimistic alternative in the Safer Environment scenario, we accounted for climate change impact on health by using the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change temperature forecasts and published trajectories of ambient air pollution for the same two scenarios. Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy were computed using standard methods. The forecasting framework includes computing the age-sex-specific future population for each location and separately for each scenario. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for each individual future estimate were derived from the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of distributions generated from propagating 500 draws through the multistage computational pipeline. Findings: In the reference scenario forecast, global and super-regional life expectancy increased from 2022 to 2050, but improvement was at a slower pace than in the three decades preceding the COVID-19 pandemic (beginning in 2020). Gains in future life expectancy were forecasted to be greatest in super-regions with comparatively low life expectancies (such as sub-Saharan Africa) compared with super-regions with higher life expectancies (such as the high-income super-region), leading to a trend towards convergence in life expectancy across locations between now and 2050. At the super-region level, forecasted healthy life expectancy patterns were similar to those of life expectancies. Forecasts for the reference scenario found that health will improve in the coming decades, with all-cause age-standardised DALY rates decreasing in every GBD super-region. The total DALY burden measured in counts, however, will increase in every super-region, largely a function of population ageing and growth. We also forecasted that both DALY counts and age-standardised DALY rates will continue to shift from CMNNs to NCDs, with the most pronounced shifts occurring in sub-Saharan Africa (60·1% [95% UI 56·8–63·1] of DALYs were from CMNNs in 2022 compared with 35·8% [31·0–45·0] in 2050) and south Asia (31·7% [29·2–34·1] to 15·5% [13·7–17·5]). This shift is reflected in the leading global causes of DALYs, with the top four causes in 2050 being ischaemic heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, compared with 2022, with ischaemic heart disease, neonatal disorders, stroke, and lower respiratory infections at the top. The global proportion of DALYs due to YLDs likewise increased from 33·8% (27·4–40·3) to 41·1% (33·9–48·1) from 2022 to 2050, demonstrating an important shift in overall disease burden towards morbidity and away from premature death. The largest shift of this kind was forecasted for sub-Saharan Africa, from 20·1% (15·6–25·3) of DALYs due to YLDs in 2022 to 35·6% (26·5–43·0) in 2050. In the assessment of alternative future scenarios, the combined effects of the scenarios (Safer Environment, Improved Childhood Nutrition and Vaccination, and Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenarios) demonstrated an important decrease in the global burden of DALYs in 2050 of 15·4% (13·5–17·5) compared with the reference scenario, with decreases across super-regions ranging from 10·4% (9·7–11·3) in the high-income super-region to 23·9% (20·7–27·3) in north Africa and the Middle East. The Safer Environment scenario had its largest decrease in sub-Saharan Africa (5·2% [3·5–6·8]), the Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenario in north Africa and the Middle East (23·2% [20·2–26·5]), and the Improved Nutrition and Vaccination scenario in sub-Saharan Africa (2·0% [–0·6 to 3·6]). Interpretation: Globally, life expectancy and age-standardised disease burden were forecasted to improve between 2022 and 2050, with the majority of the burden continuing to shift from CMNNs to NCDs. That said, continued progress on reducing the CMNN disease burden will be dependent on maintaining investment in and policy emphasis on CMNN disease prevention and treatment. Mostly due to growth and ageing of populations, the number of deaths and DALYs due to all causes combined will generally increase. By constructing alternative future scenarios wherein certain risk exposures are eliminated by 2050, we have shown that opportunities exist to substantially improve health outcomes in the future through concerted efforts to prevent exposure to well established risk factors and to expand access to key health interventions

Estudio de los mixomecetes corticícolas de la España penínsular e Islas Baleares : desarrollo y aplicación de un sistema de información taxonómica

Se ha diseñado, implementado y probado un sistema informático para gestionar la información taxonómica de índole bibliografica, nomenclatural y de especímenes -tanto citados de la bibliografia como de herbario. Se ha diseñado e implementado un sistema informático para la captura, revisión y almacenamiento de la informacion descriptiva (p delta) que, además, produce ficheros de datos en formato delta. Los datos descriptivos son almacenados en una base de datos relacional. Con el sistema creado y delta se han tratado una treintena de especies correspondientes a los géneros de mixomicetes clastoderma, echinostelium y licea. Con delta se han confeccionado descripciones y claves de identificación y producido una matriz de distancias feneticas de un grupo de especies de licea. Se ha llevado a cabo un trabajo de prospección de la flora de mixomicetes corticicolas en la españa peninsular e islas baleares. Haciendo uso de los sistemas de información desarrollados, se presenta un catalogo comentado de especies. Como consecuencia del estudio del material se han descrito tres nuevas especies para la ciencia: echinostelium ladoi, licea nannengae y macbrideola oblonga. Se han sinonimizado echinostelium vanderpoelii con e. Apitectum y macbrideola vesiculifera con m. Cornea. Sobre la base de los datos aportados por el análisis de agrupamiento y de coordenadas principales, se trata licea pygmaea como especie independiente no subordinada a l. Pusilla. Son novedades corologicas para la península ibérica e islas baleares: echinostelium cribrarioides, e. Elachiston, echinostelium paucifilum, licea operculata, l. Pygmaea, l. Soyphoides y physarum auripigmentum y se publicaron como novedades las siguientes: echinostelium arboreum, e. Coelocephalum, e. Corynophorum, lepidoderma granuliferum, licea perexigua, oligonema fulvum y physarum notabil

Un estudio sobre los "Myxomycetes" corticícolas de la isla de Mallorca

Fifteen species new for Mallorca (Baleario Islands, Spain) are cited from moist chamber cultures of barksamples. Echinosteliumapitectum, E. arboreum, E. coelocephalum, E. colliculosum, Ucea perexigua, Macbrideola synsporos, Paradiacheopsis solitaria, Physarum notabile and P. serpula are discussed in relation to their chorological and/or taxonomic interest.Se citan 15 especies de Myxomycetes nuevos para la micoflora de la isla de Mallorca obtenidas de cortezas en cámara húmeda. Se comentan por su interés taxonómico y/o corológico Echinosteliumapitectum, E. arboreum, E. coelocephalum, E. colliculosum, Liceaperexigua, Macbrideola synsporos, Paradiacheopsis solitaria, Physarum notabiley P. serpula

Using unsupervised artificial neural networks to detect sibling species: A case in myxomycetes

Resumen del trabajo presentado a la Conferencia Bio Diversity Next, celebrada en Leiden (Países Bajos) del 22 al 25 de octubre de 2019.This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 777435

La colección de "Myxomycetes" preparada por C.Torred para el Colegio San Fiel (Portugal)

A myxomycete collection prepared by C. Torrend for the herbarium of the San Fiel School (Beira Baixa, Portugal) is made known. From the study of the 87 samples belonging to the collection 20 lack any identifiable material, 9 specimens do not fit the data of the labels and, in the remaining 58, their nomenclature has been updated. At the present, the collection is preserved in the Instituto Botánico de Coimbra (Portugal).Se da a conocer la existencia de una colección de Myxomycetes preparada por Camilo Torrend para el herbario del Colegio San Fiel (Beira Baixa, Portugal), que se conserva actualmente en el Instituto Botánico de Coimbra (Portugal). Se ha procedido a la revisión de las 87 muestras de que consta la colección; 20 de ellas carecen de material identificable, en 9 el contenido no corresponde al taxon indicado en la etiqueta y en las 58 restantes se ha actualizado la nomenclatura