Descriptive and spatial epidemiology of bovine cysticercosis in North-Eastern Spain (Catalonia).

From March 2005 to December 2007, 284 animals from 67 cattle farms (24 dairy and 43 beef) affected by bovine cysticercosis were detected in the region of Catalonia (North-Eastern Spain). Dairy farms were almost twice more likely to be affected than beef farms (OR=1.79, 95% CI=1.08-2.96, p<0.05), and infected premises have a statistically significant (p<0.05) larger number of animals when compared to uninfected farms in Catalonia. The geographical distribution of the infected farms was evaluated and two statistically significant clusters were identified. The most likely cluster was located in the western part of the study region, with 8 out of 10 farms infected. Epidemiological investigations revealed that the 8 farms belonged to the same company. The secondary cluster was located in Eastern Catalonia with 12 infected farms out of 167 cattle farms. No epidemiological links were found among the 12 infected premises. A questionnaire, based on the EFSA risk assessment, was used to assess the most likely route of introduction into each affected farm. Water supply for animals was the route with the highest score in 41.8% of the cases

Influència del tipus de broquet en l’eficàcia del tractament herbicida de pre-emergència

Using anti drift nozzles in in spray application process in boom sprayers is an effective way to reduce the drift of the process. However, in some cases, farmers are still reticent to use it. In this project, it has been evaluated the influence of nozzle type the efficacy of a pre-emergency herbicide (Aurus Plus 2.0, Prosulfocarb. 80% Syngenta Iberia, S.A.) on cereal crops. Nine different types of nozzles have been used, including anti drift and conventional ones. The application was made using a field crop sprayer (GAYSA 1000L) of 10 meters boom length. Trials were performed using a random block design where the effectiveness of the herbicide was evaluated using 9 different ; in addition it was included a control treatment where the herbicide was not sprayed. The samples of the arvensis species emerged in the subplots (Medicago sp., Polygonum convolvulus, Diplotaxis erucoides, Avena sp., Papaver rhoeas, Convolvulus arvenses, Polygonum aviculare, Chenopodium album and Fumaria officinalis) were spaced in time and over three permanent fixed square areas of 1m2. Sampling were carried out on 13/12/17, 03/01/18, 21/02/18 and 16/03/18. In all of them, it was counted the number of existing species and the quantity of those. A statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA test, being the nozzle as a fixed factor and the block as a random factor. The statistical analysis focused only on the species Lolium sp. because it was the only observed specie with sufficient amount of data for the accomplishment to perform the analysis. According to the results obtained, there were no significant differences in the efficacy of the herbicide when it is applied, either using conventional or anti drift nozzles.L'ús de broquets de baixa deriva en les aplicacions de productes fitosanitaris és una mesura efectiva per reduir la deriva dels tractaments. No obstant, en alguns casos els agricultors encara són reticents a la seva utilització. En aquest treball s'ha estudiat la influencia que té l'ús de diferents tipus de broquets en l'eficàcia d'un herbicida de pre-emergència (Aurus Plus 2.0, Prosulfocarb. 80% Syngenta Iberia, S.A.) sobre cultius de cereals. S'han emprat 9 tipus diferents de broquet, tant en les versions baixa deriva com convencional. L'aplicació es va realitzar amb una polvoritzador hidràulic (GAYSA 1000L) de 10 metres de barra. L'assaig, es va realitzar mitjançant un disseny de blocs a l'atzar on es va avaluar l'eficàcia del tractament del producte fitosanitari utilitzant 9 broquets diferents més un tractament control, on no es va aplicar l'herbicida. Els mostrejos de les espècies arvenses emergides en les subparcel·les (Medicago sp., Polygonum convolvulus, Diplotaxis erucoides, Avena sp., Papaver rhoeas, Convolvulus arvenses, Polygonum aviculare, Chenopodium album i Fumaria officinalis) es van realitzar espaiats en el temps i sobre tres quadrats permanents d'1m2. Aquests es van dur a terme el 13/12/17, el 03/01/18, el 21/02/17 i el 16/03/18. En tots ells es van contar el numero d'espècies existents i la quantitat d'aquestes. L'anàlisi estadístic es va realitzar amb un test ANOVA, els broquets com a factor fixe i els blocs com a factor aleatori. L'anàlisi estadístic es va centrar només amb l'espècie Lolium sp. ja que era l'única espècie observada que era objectiu de l'herbicida que constava d'un gruix de dades suficient per a la realització d'aquest. Segons els resultats obtinguts, no existeixen diferències significatives en l'eficàcia de l'herbicida quan aquest s'aplica utilitzant broquets convencionals en comparació a quan s'utilitza broquets de baixa deriva.El uso de boquillas de baja deriva en las aplicaciones de productos fitosanitarios es una medida efectiva para reducir la deriva en los tratamientos. No obstante, en algunos casos los agricultores son reticentes a su utilización. En este trabajo se ha estudiado la influencia que tiene el uso de diferentes tipos de boquilla en la eficacia de un herbicida de pre-emergencia (Aurus Plus 2.0, Prosulfocarb. 80% Syngenta Iberia, S.A.) sobre cultivos de cereal. Se ha utilizado 9 tipos de boquillas diferentes, baja deriva y convencional. La aplicación se efectuó con un pulverizador hidráulico (GAYSA 1000L) de 10 metros de barra. El ensayo se realizó mediante un diseño de bloques aleatorios donde se evaluó la eficacia del tratamiento fitosanitario usando 9 boquillas diferentes más un tratamiento control, donde no se aplicó herbicida. Los muestreos de las especies arvenses emergidas en las subparcelas (Medicago sp., Polygonum convolvulus, Diplotaxis erucoides, Avena sp., Papaver rhoeas, Convolvulus arvenses, Polygonum aviculare, Chenopodium album y Fumaria officinalis) se realizaron espaciados en el tiempo y sobre tres cuadrados permanentes de 1m2. Estos se dieron el 13/12/17, el 03/01/18, el 21/02/17 y el 16/03/18. En todos ellos se contó el número de especies existentes y la cantidad de éstas. El análisis estadístico se realizó con un test ANOVA, como factor fijo las boquillas y los bloques como factor aleatorio. Éste únicamente se centró en la especie Lolium sp., ya que era la única especie observada que era objetivo del herbicida y que constaba de una población de individuos suficiente para la realización de éste. Según los resultados obtenidos, no existen diferencias significativas en la eficacia del herbicida cuando éste se aplica utilizando boquillas convencionales en comparación a boquillas de baja deriva

El imaginario social del aparato estatal. Cuba: mitos y realidades

Resumen: Este trabajo aborda en una primera instancia la perspectiva del imaginario social, expuesto por Cornelius Castoriadis y su relación con el poder como sustento de ideologías, partiendo del presupuesto de la función clasista del Estado como aparato de poder y sus distintas interpretaciones en el contexto cubano desde una perspectiva teórica y filosófica. Palabras claves: Imaginario social, Poder, Ideología, Estado

Música erudita & música popular: a concepção desses conceitos na Revista Brasileira de Música (1934-1945)

This paper has as an object the Brazilian Journal of Music, published between 1934 and 1945. This Journal was produced by National Music Institute in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the first college of music in this contry. Our goal is to analise how the words popular music and classical music was mobilized by the autors inside this journal.Este trabalho tem como objeto a Revista Brasileira de Música publicada entre os anos de 1934 e 1945. Este periódico foi produzido pelo Instituto Nacional de Música do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, o primeiro curso superior de música do país. Nosso objetivo foi o de analisar como os conceitos música popular e música erudita foram mobilizados pelos autores dentro deste periódico.Dados abertos - Sucupira - Teses e dissertações (2019

Effects of Postural Education Program (PEPE Study) on Daily Habits in Children

The current randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the effects of a postural education program on daily life habits related to low back pain (LBP) in children. Reducing the disease burden of unspecific LBP in children is of major public health relevance, as children with episodes of LBP tend to experience chronic back pain in adulthood. The study was performed in Majorca (Spain), with 253 primary school children aged between 10 and 12 years. The sample was selected from different clusters (schools) using convenience sampling and randomly distributed into an experimental group (5 schools) or a control group (5 schools). Individual postural items did not improve after the intervention in the experimental group, nor did they improve in the control group. Neither did they improve postural habits score in both groups after the intervention. In conclusion, this telematic intervention has not managed to improve postural habits in children. Nevertheless, there is a lack of evidence to determine whether it is feasible to carry out telematics intervention that promotes lifestyle changes in children

Association of postural education and postural hygiene with low back pain in schoolchildren: Cross-sectional results from the PEPE study

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability in the world that affects the population of all ages globally. The main aim of the present study was to analyze the cross-sectional association of postural education and postural hygiene habits with LBP, differentiating between frequency and intensity of pain. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed 849 students aged 10-12 years from primary schools. The study was based on four different structured and self-administered questionnaires: back pain questionnaire, Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument (BackPEI), Frequency of Commuting to and from School Questionnaire, and the Hebacaknow questionnaire. In addition, height and weight were included to determine the body mass index (BMI). Results: Participants with prevalence of LBP were significantly older (P=0.038), girls (P<0.001), taller (P=0.018), and practice active travelled back from school (P=0.016). Otherwise, participants with no prevalence of LBP sat correctly at the desk (P<0.001). Higher knowledge of postural education was associated with lower intensity of LBP (β=-0.07, CI=-0.12 – -0.02, P=0.004). Conclusion: The knowledge related to postural education it is associated with less LBP. School interventions improving knowledge about postural education, ergonomics and postural hygiene are needed to address this important matter

Effect of physical activity and different exercise modalities on glycemic control in people with prediabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundNumerous studies have shown the beneficial effects of exercise on glycemic control in people with prediabetes. However, the most effective exercise modality for improving glycemic control remains unclear. We aimed to assess which exercise training modality is most effective in improving glycemic control in a population with prediabetes.MethodsWe conducted searches in Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, PEDro, BVS, and the Cochrane Library from inception to June 2022. Included studies reported fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and 2-hour postprandial (2hPP) levels and implemented an exercise program lasting at least 12 weeks in adults with prediabetes. We performed a direct meta-analysis using a random-effects model and a network meta-analysis. Cochran’s Q statistic and the inconsistency I2 test were used to assess the heterogenicity between studies.ResultsTwenty trials were included, with 15 trials (comprising 775 participants with prediabetes) combined in the meta-analysis, and 13 in the network meta-analysis. The meta-analysis results did not show a statistically significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) after aerobic training (AT) intervention compared to a control group (mean (95%CI) difference = -5.18 (-13.48; 3.12) mg/dL, Z=1.22, p=0.22). However, a difference of -7.25 (-13.79; -0.71) mg/dL, p=0.03, in FPG after interval training (IT) intervention was detected compared to a control group. After resistance training (RT) intervention, FPG was significantly lower -6.71 (-12.65,-0.77) mg/dL, Z=2.21, p=0.03, and HbA1c by -0.13 (-0.55, 0.29), p=0.54, compared to the control group. The impact of RT compared to no intervention on 2hPP was not statistically significant (p=0.26). The network meta-analysis did not show statistical significance. Most of the studies presented an unclear risk of bias, and a low and very low-quality of evidence. According to the GRADE criteria, the strength of the body of evidence was low.ConclusionResistance training and IT had demonstrated benefits on glycemic indices, especially on FPG, in a population with prediabetes. Further studies with larger sample sizes and a more robust methodology that compare different types of exercise modalities, frequencies, and durations, are needed to establish a beneficial exercise intervention.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=370688, identifier CRD42022370688

Facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy: new cases, cognitive changes and pathophysiology

Purpose of review To improve our clinical understanding of facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy (FOSMN). Recent findings We identified 29 new cases and 71 literature cases, resulting in a cohort of 100 patients with FOSMN. During follow-up, cognitive and behavioral changes became apparent in 8 patients, suggesting that changes within the spectrum of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are a part of the natural history of FOSMN. Another new finding was chorea, seen in 6 cases. Despite reports of autoantibodies, there is no consistent evidence to suggest an autoimmune pathogenesis. Four of 6 autopsies had TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP) 43 pathology. Seven cases had genetic mutations associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Summary FOSMN is a rare disease with a highly characteristic onset and pattern of disease progression involving initial sensory disturbances, followed by bulbar weakness with a cranial to caudal spread of pathology. Although not conclusive, the balance of evidence suggests that FOSMN is most likely to be a TDP-43 proteinopathy within the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis–FTD spectrum

Extremity superior exercises practice among Physiotherapy students - six-month follow-up study

OBJECTIVE: To assess the maintenance and effects of a six-month extremity superior exercises practice among Physiotherapy students. SETTING: This study was conduced from 1999 to 2003, with five groups of 10 students of Physiotherapy Course of Physiotherapy, Medicine School, University of São Paulo. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty students, 10 male and 40 female (mean age 20,4 ± 2,1 years) who was engaged in Therapeutic Manual Resources discipline. PROCEDURE: Program consisted in a sequence of 20 exercises that had for objective the gain of muscular force, trained using functional patterns of movements. The exercises were trained during ten sessions of one hour, using 20 minutes for discussion about studies showing occupational muscleskeletical lesions in professional physiotherapists and 40 minutes for training. Measures and behavioral evaluation: Eight isometric muscular force tests of flexion and extension of superior extremity were measured using digital dinamometry (Laffayetti Instruments) An open question and the demonstration of the trained sequence of exercises were used to evaluated the behavior. DATA ANALYSIS: Study on the effect of exercises used the average of the eight muscular force tests, considering the right superior member, obtained in T1 and compared with T2, using paired Student´s t Test. The same analysis was conduced comparing T2 and T3, resulting in a indicative of maintenance. The differences found between T1, T2 and T3 were also transformed in percentage. We also compared male and female subgroups. The answers to the open question had a quantitative analysis and collected information were grouping by theme. RESULTS: Forty eight of the original 50 subjects completed the six-month follow-up evaluation. The program produced a statistical significant improvement in muscular force (p = 0,0067) with increase of 32%. Thirty one subjects reported continued in some form of the practice of exercises and others 17 related no practice during the preceding six-month. Reasons to maintenance involved intention of prevention and better control of superior extremity movements. Reasons to abandonment included no time and others priorities. Gender was not significant predictor of exercise behavior. CONCLUSIONS: The program produced significant improvement in the muscular force. The maintenance reached superior indexes to that found in the literature. The behaviors involved with maintenance linked with the theoretical discussions proposed in the program. The didacticism used in training was efficient for exercises memorization, producing high index of correct reproducibility six months after the end of the program. The maintenance of the practice of exercises implied in additional improvement of muscular force. We believe that this kind of activity should be offer habitually for Physiotherapy students.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a manutenção e os efeitos da prática de exercícios de reeducação de membros superiores, por um período de seis meses, por estudantes de Fisioterapia. LOCAL: Este estudo foi conduzido de 1999 a 2003, com cinco grupos de 10 estudantes de Fisioterapia - Curso de Fisioterapia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo. PARTICIPANTES: 50 estudantes, 10 homens e 40 mulheres (idade média de 20,4± 2,1 anos) matriculados na disciplina de Recursos Terapêuticos Manuais. PROCEDIMENTO: O programa consistiu em uma seqüência de 20 exercícios que tiveram por objetivo o ganho de força muscular, treinados em padrões funcionais de movimentos. Os exercícios foram treinados durante dez sessões de uma hora que consistiu em 20 minutos para discussão de estudos que mostravam lesões musculoesqueléticas em profissionais fisioterapeutas e 40 minutos de exercícios. AVALIAÇÃO: Oito testes de força muscular isométrica de flexão e extensão de membro superior direito foram realizados por meio de dinamometria digital (Lafayetti Instruments). Uma questão aberta e o pedido para demonstração de seqüência de exercícios, como treinado, foram usados para avaliar o comportamento. ANÁLISE DE DADOS: O estudo do efeito do programa usou a média dos oito testes de força muscular do membro superior direito obtida em T1 (antes do treinamento) e comparou com a obtida em T2 (após o treinamento) usando o Teste t de Student pareado. O mesmo teste foi utilizado para comparar T2 e T3, resultando em um indicativo de manutenção. As diferenças encontradas foram transformadas em porcentagem. Foi realizada a comparação entre os subgrupos de homens e mulheres. As respostas para a pergunta aberta foram estudadas quantitativamente e as respostas foram agrupadas por assunto. RESULTADOS: Quarenta e oito dos 50 estudantes que iniciaram o programa participaram da avaliação seis meses após o término do programa. O programa produziu uma melhora estatisticamente significante em força muscular (p = 0,0067) com aumento de 32%. Trinta e dois participantes informaram ter continuado a praticar de alguma forma e outros 17 relataram não ter praticado os exercícios treinados durante os seis meses precedentes. Razões para manutenção envolveram intenção de prevenção e melhor controle de movimentos dos membros superiores. Razões para abandono incluíram falta de tempo e outras prioridades. O gênero não afetou nem os resultados relativos à força muscular, nem o comportamento de manutenção. CONCLUSÕES: O programa proposto produziu melhora significativa na força muscular. A manutenção se deu em índices superiores aos encontrados na literatura. Os comportamentos envolvidos com manutenção se relacionaram com as discussões teóricas propostas no programa. A forma de ensino e treinamento foi eficiente para memorização, produzindo alto índice de reprodutibilidade correta destes seis meses após o final do programa. A manutenção da prática de exercícios implicou em melhora adicional. Acreditamos que este tipo de atividade deva ser oferecido como rotina para alunos de cursos de Fisioterapia