ENZYMATIC DETERMINATION OF TEPP RESIDUES ON RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS

In 1966 the U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, since renamed the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, was considering the use of commercial tetraethylpyrophosphate (TEPP) for spraying problem bird roosts. Although TEPP was known to be a fast degrading organophosphate, the Bureau decided that a determination of TEPP residues on birds sprayed under simulated field conditions would be useful in reaching a decision on possible use of this material. The determination was done with an enzymatic Warburg manometric method for measuring the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a major cause of neurotoxication. It was found that at simulated roost temperatures of 7·8°C with relative humidity of 57·60%, the AChE inhibition activity of TEPP in red·winged blackbirds diminished rapidly in the first 2 days. However, after 19 days, an indicated 2.2% (2.8% statistically possible) remained as cholinergic inhibition residues that could be hazardous to humans or nontarget species, considerably more than 99% loss in 45.2 hr at 26°C that had been previously reported. This information, among others, was used by the Bureau in deciding not to pursue the use of TEPP in spraying problem bird roosts

Association of hematological parameters with metabolic syndrome in Beijing adult population: a longitudinal study

The purposes of the study were to estimate the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to systematically evaluate the relationship between hematological parameters and MetS in a 5-year follow-up of Beijing adult population. The longitudinal study included 3,180 adults, aged 20–65 years, who attended health check-ups in Beijing Tongren Hospital in 2007 and 2012. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to explore the associations between hematological parameters and MetS. The 5-year cumulative incidence of MetS in this sample was 10.82 % (14.22 % for males and 7.59 % for females). Among all the hematological parameters, white blood cell count (WBC) was positively associated with MetS for 20–35-year-old (male OR 1.482, 95 % CI 1.169–2.974; female OR 1.398, 95 % CI 1.145–3.011), and 36–50-year-old (male OR 2.012, 95 % CI 1.290–4.010; female OR 3.400, 95 % CI 1.818–4.528) male and female subjects. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was significantly associated with the incidence of MetS for males (20–35-year-old OR 2.080, 95 % CI 1.371–3.159; 36–50-year-old OR 2.421, 95 % CI 1.335–3.412; 51–65-year-old OR 4.267, 95 % CI 1.161–6.781). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was positively associated with MetS for 51–65-year-old (male OR 3.078, 95 % CI 2.468–5.131; female OR 2.140, 95 %CI 1.524–4.359) for male and female subjects. WBC is positively associated with MetS for young adults, while LDL-C is positively associated with MetS for elderly people. ALT is positively associated with MetS for males. Our findings provide further evidence in support of using hematological markers for early detection of individuals at risk for MetS

Realization of multiple charge density waves in NbTe2 at the monolayer limit

Abstract: Layered transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) down to the monolayer (ML) limit provide a fertile platform for exploring charge-density waves (CDWs). Though bulk NbTe2 is known to harbor a single axis 3*1 CDW coexisting with non-trivial quantum properties, the scenario in the ML limit is still experimentally unknown. In this study, we unveil the richness of the CDW phases in ML NbTe2, where not only the theoretically predicted 4*4 and 4*1 phases, but also two unexpected sqrt(28)*sqrt(28) and sqrt(19)*sqrt(19) phases, can be realized. For such a complex CDW system, we establish an exhaustive growth phase diagram via systematic efforts in the material synthesis and scanning tunneling microscope characterization. Moreover, we report that the energetically stable phase is the larger scale order (sqrt(19)*sqrt(19)), which is surprisingly in contradiction to the prior prediction (4*4). These findings are confirmed using two different kinetic pathways, i.e., direct growth at proper growth temperatures (T), and low-T growth followed by high-T annealing. Our results provide a comprehensive diagram of the "zoo" of CDW orders in ML 1T-NbTe2 for the first time and offer a new material platform for studying novel quantum phases in the 2D limit

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Some Carbohydrate Derivatives of Higher Fatty Acids

72 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1954.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

Ecosystem Service Value Assessment and Contribution Factor Analysis of Land Use Change in Miyun County, China

Unreasonable land use planning can reduce ecosystem service value and result in unsustainable land use. In this paper, the changes of ecosystem service value were investigated by using the GIS and dynamic simulation model of land use in Miyun of Beijing, China, based on the land use at four time points including 1991, 2006, 2021 and one improved scenario, respectively. The results showed the total ecosystem service value of Miyun was about 2968.34 million Yuan in 1991, 3304.72 million Yuan in 2006, 3106.48 million Yuan in 2021, and 3759.77 million Yuan in the improved scenario. In terms of ecosystem service function, the functions of water supply and soil formation and retention accounted for the largest proportion, which were 19.99% and 14.58% respectively; whereas the functions of food supply and recreation and culture were only 1.83% and 5.99%, respectively. Coefficients of sensitivity for forest cover, water bodies and arable land were relatively large, which were 0.73, 0.28 and 0.14, respectively. The contribution factors of total ecosystem service value with the land use change during different periods were mainly the unused land to forest cover and arable land, which respectively accounted for more than 63% and 21% of the contribution rate. These results suggested that sustainable land use planning should be undertaken with emphasis on vegetation restoration and protection of water bodies